Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases?

Metabolism, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 133, С. 155223 - 155223

Опубликована: Май 29, 2022

Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and 2022 remains first-choice drug daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of positive pre-clinical clinical data has stimulated interest re-purposing metformin a variety diseases including COVID-19. In polycystic ovary syndrome improves insulin sensitivity. 1 may help reduce dose. Meta-analysis from studies link reduction incidence cancer. Clinical trials, MILES (Metformin Longevity Study), TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin), have been designed determine if can offset aging extend lifespan. Pre-clinical suggest that metformin, via suppression pro-inflammatory pathways, protection mitochondria vascular function, direct actions on neuronal stem cells, protect against neurodegenerative diseases. also studied for its anti-bacterial, -viral, -malaria efficacy. Collectively, these raise question: Is all diseases? It unclear as whether putative beneficial effects are secondary an anti-hyperglycemic insulin-sensitizing drug, or result other cellular actions, inhibition mTOR (mammalian target rapamycin), anti-viral actions. Clarification is sought ex vivo based use high concentrations be translated into benefits, they reflect 'Paracelsus' effect. The environmental impact no known metabolites, another emerging issue linked endocrine disruption fish, extensive T2D raised concerns over human reproduction. objectives this review to: 1) evaluate mechanism(s) action metformin; 2) analyze controversial evidence metformin's effectiveness treatment than diabetes; 3) assess reproducibility data, finally 4) reach informed conclusion reasons. We conclude primary benefits antihyperglycaemic secondarily contribute reduced risk number thereby enhancing healthspan. However, like improving endothelial function independent glucose homeostasis add therapeutic

Язык: Английский

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Spectrofluorimetric quantitative analysis of favipiravir, remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine in spiked human plasma

Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 281, С. 121625 - 121625

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Immune-mediated Rheumatic Diseases. Recommendations of the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia

Rheumatology Science and Practice, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 59(3), С. 239 - 254

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2021

In mid-2021, the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory coronavirus 2) infection, which caused disease (COVID-19) pandemic, affected more than 157 million people in all regions of world and led to 3.2 deaths. It is assumed that elderly age, uncontrolled inflammation, anti-inflammatory therapy, comorbid pathology, genetic other factors can potentially lead an increase “sensitivity” viral bacterial infections, including SARS-CoV-2. The new version recommendations Association Rheumatologists Russia formulates main provisions concerning tactics managing patients with Immune-mediated Rheumatic Diseases during ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(11), С. 9589 - 9589

Опубликована: Май 31, 2023

Despite the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment and management are now considerably regulated, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still one of leading causes death in 2022. The availability COVID-19 vaccines, FDA-approved antivirals, monoclonal antibodies low-income countries poses an issue to be addressed. Natural products, particularly traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) medicinal plant extracts (or their active component), have challenged dominance drug repurposing synthetic compound libraries therapeutics. Their abundant resources excellent antiviral performance make natural products a relatively cheap readily available alternative for Here, we deliberately review anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms potency (pharmacological profiles), application strategies intervention. In light advantages, this intended acknowledge potential as therapeutic candidates.

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy of Ivermectin, Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, and Azithromycin in Managing COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Phase III Clinical Trials

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(10), С. 2206 - 2206

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2024

During the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic several drugs were used to manage patients mainly those with a severe phenotype. Potential off-label and major concerns arose from their applicability managing health crisis highlighting importance of clinical trials. In this context, we described mechanisms three repurposed [Ivermectin-antiparasitic drug, Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine-antimalarial drugs, Azithromycin-antimicrobial drug]; and, based on description, study evaluated efficacy published in The use these reflects period uncertainty that marked beginning COVID-19 pandemic, which made them possible treatment for COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine as Therapeutics for COVID-19: Truth under the Mystery

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(6), С. 1538 - 1546

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic.One major challenge in the battle against this deadly disease is to find effective therapy.Due availability and proven clinical record hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) chloroquine (CQ) various human diseases, there have been enormous efforts repurposing these two drugs as therapeutics for COVID-19.To date, substantial amount work at cellular, animal models trials performed verify their therapeutic potential COVID-19.However, neither lab-based studies nor provided consistent convincing evidence support value HCQ/CQ treatment COVID-19.In mini review we provide systematic summary on important topic aim reveal some truth covered mystery regarding COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Drug safety of frequently used drugs and substances for self-medication in COVID-19

Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, behavior of self-medication has increased. The dissemination misleading information regarding efficacy certain drugs or substances for prevention and treatment been major contributing factor this phenomenon. Alongside with increase in behavior, inherent risks to act such as drug–drug interactions, adverse events, drug toxicity, masking symptoms have also Self-medication context led misuse leading some cases development fatal reactions. It is important that during ongoing pandemic potential clinical against are adequately analyzed their efficacy, safety, monitoring. aim review describe available evidence monitoring shown be frequently used patients (hydroxychloroquine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ivermectin, azithromycin, vitamins, aspirin, chlorine dioxide) characterize risks, safe use, strategies, reinforce concept these should not require a medical prescription. Plain Language Summary Drug safety Dissemination about treatments individuals self-medicate expose themselves side effects, antibiotic resistance, misdiagnosis. There need literature evaluate commonly by population SARS CoV-2 infection. In review, we included advertised hydroxychloroquine, dioxide, among others. A brief introduction its mechanism action, followed summary will described each order promote responsible use.

Язык: Английский

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Additively manufactured electrodes for the electrochemical detection of hydroxychloroquine

Talanta, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 250, С. 123727 - 123727

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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IL-6 in the Ecosystem of Head and Neck Cancer: Possible Therapeutic Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(20), С. 11027 - 11027

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2021

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a highly potent cytokine involved in multiple biological processes. It was previously reported to play distinct role inflammation, autoimmune and psychiatric disorders, ageing various types of cancer. Furthermore, it understood that IL-6 its signaling pathways are substantial players orchestrating the cancer microenvironment. Thus, they appear be potential targets anti-tumor therapy. The aim this article elucidate tumor ecosystem review possible therapeutic approaches head neck

Язык: Английский

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Protection by hydroxychloroquine prevents placental injury in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 26(15), С. 4357 - 4370

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2022

Abstract Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) is mediated by antibodies (aPLs, and anti‐β2 glycoprotein I antibody the main pathogenic antibody), recurrent abortion, preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction other placental diseases are clinical characteristics of pathological pregnancy. It a disease that seriously threatens health pregnant women. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was originally used as an anti‐malaria drug has now shown benefit in refractory OAPS where conventional treatment failed, with expectation providing protective benefits for both mother foetus. However, its efficacy mechanism action still unclear. After data were collected to determine therapeutic effect, human trophoblast cells early pregnancy prepared treated aPL. addition HCQ, proliferation, invasion, migration tubule formation observed so HCQ on could be determined. By establishing obstetric APS mouse model similar situation, we able detect effect The normal function affected Antibodies reduce ability invade migrate can impair formation, which closely related insufficiency. partially reverse these side effects. In model, found prevented death reduced incidence Therefore, improve outcomes aPL inhibition disease. OAPS, use needs considered.

Язык: Английский

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