Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases?

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 155223 - 155223

Published: May 29, 2022

Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and 2022 remains first-choice drug daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of positive pre-clinical clinical data has stimulated interest re-purposing metformin a variety diseases including COVID-19. In polycystic ovary syndrome improves insulin sensitivity. 1 may help reduce dose. Meta-analysis from studies link reduction incidence cancer. Clinical trials, MILES (Metformin Longevity Study), TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin), have been designed determine if can offset aging extend lifespan. Pre-clinical suggest that metformin, via suppression pro-inflammatory pathways, protection mitochondria vascular function, direct actions on neuronal stem cells, protect against neurodegenerative diseases. also studied for its anti-bacterial, -viral, -malaria efficacy. Collectively, these raise question: Is all diseases? It unclear as whether putative beneficial effects are secondary an anti-hyperglycemic insulin-sensitizing drug, or result other cellular actions, inhibition mTOR (mammalian target rapamycin), anti-viral actions. Clarification is sought ex vivo based use high concentrations be translated into benefits, they reflect 'Paracelsus' effect. The environmental impact no known metabolites, another emerging issue linked endocrine disruption fish, extensive T2D raised concerns over human reproduction. objectives this review to: 1) evaluate mechanism(s) action metformin; 2) analyze controversial evidence metformin's effectiveness treatment than diabetes; 3) assess reproducibility data, finally 4) reach informed conclusion reasons. We conclude primary benefits antihyperglycaemic secondarily contribute reduced risk number thereby enhancing healthspan. However, like improving endothelial function independent glucose homeostasis add therapeutic

Language: Английский

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Spectrofluorimetric quantitative analysis of favipiravir, remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine in spiked human plasma

Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 281, P. 121625 - 121625

Published: July 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of Ivermectin, Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, and Azithromycin in Managing COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Phase III Clinical Trials

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 2206 - 2206

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

During the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic several drugs were used to manage patients mainly those with a severe phenotype. Potential off-label and major concerns arose from their applicability managing health crisis highlighting importance of clinical trials. In this context, we described mechanisms three repurposed [Ivermectin-antiparasitic drug, Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine-antimalarial drugs, Azithromycin-antimicrobial drug]; and, based on description, study evaluated efficacy published in The use these reflects period uncertainty that marked beginning COVID-19 pandemic, which made them possible treatment for COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Immune-mediated Rheumatic Diseases. Recommendations of the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia

Rheumatology Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 59(3), P. 239 - 254

Published: July 15, 2021

In mid-2021, the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory coronavirus 2) infection, which caused disease (COVID-19) pandemic, affected more than 157 million people in all regions of world and led to 3.2 deaths. It is assumed that elderly age, uncontrolled inflammation, anti-inflammatory therapy, comorbid pathology, genetic other factors can potentially lead an increase “sensitivity” viral bacterial infections, including SARS-CoV-2. The new version recommendations Association Rheumatologists Russia formulates main provisions concerning tactics managing patients with Immune-mediated Rheumatic Diseases during ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9589 - 9589

Published: May 31, 2023

Despite the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment and management are now considerably regulated, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still one of leading causes death in 2022. The availability COVID-19 vaccines, FDA-approved antivirals, monoclonal antibodies low-income countries poses an issue to be addressed. Natural products, particularly traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) medicinal plant extracts (or their active component), have challenged dominance drug repurposing synthetic compound libraries therapeutics. Their abundant resources excellent antiviral performance make natural products a relatively cheap readily available alternative for Here, we deliberately review anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms potency (pharmacological profiles), application strategies intervention. In light advantages, this intended acknowledge potential as therapeutic candidates.

Language: Английский

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Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine as Therapeutics for COVID-19: Truth under the Mystery

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 1538 - 1546

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic.One major challenge in the battle against this deadly disease is to find effective therapy.Due availability and proven clinical record hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) chloroquine (CQ) various human diseases, there have been enormous efforts repurposing these two drugs as therapeutics for COVID-19.To date, substantial amount work at cellular, animal models trials performed verify their therapeutic potential COVID-19.However, neither lab-based studies nor provided consistent convincing evidence support value HCQ/CQ treatment COVID-19.In mini review we provide systematic summary on important topic aim reveal some truth covered mystery regarding COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Drug safety of frequently used drugs and substances for self-medication in COVID-19

Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, behavior of self-medication has increased. The dissemination misleading information regarding efficacy certain drugs or substances for prevention and treatment been major contributing factor this phenomenon. Alongside with increase in behavior, inherent risks to act such as drug–drug interactions, adverse events, drug toxicity, masking symptoms have also Self-medication context led misuse leading some cases development fatal reactions. It is important that during ongoing pandemic potential clinical against are adequately analyzed their efficacy, safety, monitoring. aim review describe available evidence monitoring shown be frequently used patients (hydroxychloroquine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ivermectin, azithromycin, vitamins, aspirin, chlorine dioxide) characterize risks, safe use, strategies, reinforce concept these should not require a medical prescription. Plain Language Summary Drug safety Dissemination about treatments individuals self-medicate expose themselves side effects, antibiotic resistance, misdiagnosis. There need literature evaluate commonly by population SARS CoV-2 infection. In review, we included advertised hydroxychloroquine, dioxide, among others. A brief introduction its mechanism action, followed summary will described each order promote responsible use.

Language: Английский

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Additively manufactured electrodes for the electrochemical detection of hydroxychloroquine

Talanta, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 250, P. 123727 - 123727

Published: July 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and COVID-19

Current Rheumatology Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 192 - 203

Published: July 21, 2023

To describe the current state of knowledge regarding COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We focus on (i) SARS-CoV-2 vaccination uptake, immunogenicity and safety, (ii) outcomes SLE pertinent risk factors for adverse sequelae. Notwithstanding potential concern about possible post-vaccination side-effects, safety anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been undisputedly confirmed numerous studies. Humoral is generally attained SLE, although affected by use background immunosuppressive drugs, especially rituximab. The latter also clearly implicated including need hospitalization, mechanical ventilation death. Although wide adoption significantly improved outcomes, continue to pose challenges during pandemic, mainly owing administered medications.

Language: Английский

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Early COVID-19 therapy with azithromycin plus nitazoxanide, ivermectin or hydroxychloroquine in outpatient settings significantly improved COVID-19 outcomes compared to known outcomes in untreated patients

New Microbes and New Infections, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 100915 - 100915

Published: July 7, 2021

In a prospective observational study (pre-AndroCoV Trial), the use of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine demonstrated unexpected improvements in COVID-19 outcomes when compared to untreated patients. The apparent yet likely positive results raised ethical concerns on employment further full placebo controlled studies early-stage COVID-19. present analysis aimed elucidate, through comparative with two control groups, whether placebo-control randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are still ethically acceptable. Active group (AG) consisted patients enrolled Pre-AndroCoV-Trial (n = 585). Control Group 1 (CG1) retrospectively obtained same population 137), 2 (CG2) resulted from precise prediction based thorough structured review indexed articles official statements. Patients were matched for sex, age, comorbidities disease severity at baseline. Compared CG1 CG2, AG showed reduction 31.5-36.5% viral shedding (p < 0.0001), 70-85% duration 100% respiratory complications, hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, deaths post-COVID manifestations 0.0001 all). For every 1000 confirmed cases COVID-19, least 70 hospitalizations, 50 ventilations five prevented. Benefits combination early detection pharmacological approaches consistent overwhelming which, together well-established safety profile drug combinations tested Pre-AndroCoV Trial, precluded our continuing employing

Language: Английский

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