Classifying heterogeneous presentations of PTSD via the default mode, central executive, and salience networks with machine learning

NeuroImage Clinical, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27, С. 102262 - 102262

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), including the default mode network (DMN), central executive (CEN), and salience (SN) have been shown to be aberrant in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of current study was a) compare ICN functional between PTSD, dissociative subtype PTSD (PTSD+DS) healthy individuals; b) examine use multivariate machine learning algorithms classifying PTSD+DS, individuals based on activation. Our neuroimaging dataset consisted resting-state fMRI scans from 186 participants [PTSD (n = 81); + DS 49); controls 56)]. We performed group-level independent component analyses evaluate differences within each ICN. Multiclass Gaussian Process Classification PRoNTo software were then used predict diagnosis When comparing ICNs PTSD+DS controls, we found differential patterns brain regions involved emotion regulation, addition limbic structures areas self-referential processing, interoception, bodily self-consciousness, depersonalization/derealization. Machine able high accuracy classification results suggest that alterations intrinsic may underlie unique psychopathology symptom presentation among subtypes. Furthermore, findings substantiate for subtypes illness ICNs.

Язык: Английский

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Persistent Dissociation and Its Neural Correlates in Predicting Outcomes After Trauma Exposure

American Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 179(9), С. 661 - 672

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2022

Objective: Dissociation, a disruption or discontinuity in psychological functioning, is often linked with worse psychiatric symptoms; however, the prognostic value of dissociation after trauma inconsistent. Determining whether trauma-related uniquely predictive later outcomes would enable early identification at-risk populations. The authors conducted largest prospective longitudinal biomarker study persistent to date determine its capacity for adverse following acute trauma. Methods: All data were part Freeze 2 release from Advancing Understanding Recovery After Trauma (AURORA) study. Study participants provided self-report about derealization (N=1,464), severe type dissociation, and completed functional MRI emotion reactivity task resting-state scan weeks posttrauma (N=145). Three-month follow-up reports collected posttraumatic stress, depression, pain, anxiety symptoms, impairment. Results: Derealization was associated increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation decreased vmPFC connectivity cerebellum orbitofrontal cortex. In separate analyses, brain-based measures at predicted 3-month stress distinct effects childhood maltreatment history current symptoms. Conclusions: findings suggest that both an biological marker outcomes. neural correlates may serve as potential targets treatment engagement prevent disorder. These results underscore assessment crucial exposure identify individuals, they highlight unmet clinical need tailored interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Peripersonal Space and Bodily Self-Consciousness: Implications for Psychological Trauma-Related Disorders

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 14

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2020

Peripersonal space (PPS) is defined as the surrounding body where we can reach or be reached by external entities, including objects other individuals. PPS an essential component of bodily self-consciousness that allows us to perform actions in world (e.g., grasping and manipulating objects) protect our while interacting with environment. Multisensory processing plays a critical role representation, facilitating not only situate ourselves but also assisting localization entities at close distance from bodies. Such abilities appear especially crucial when entity (a sound, object, person) approaching us, thereby allowing assessment salience potential incoming threat. Accordingly, represents key aspect social cognitive processes operational interact people (for example, dynamic dyad). The underpinnings have been investigated largely human models animals include operation dedicated multimodal neurons (neurons respond specifically co-occurring stimuli different perceptive modalities, e.g., auditory tactile stimuli) within brain regions involved sensorimotor (ventral intraparietal sulcus, ventral premotor cortex), interoception (insula), visual recognition (lateral occipital cortex). Although defensive has observed psychopathology phobias) relation between altered states consciousness remains unexplored. Specifically, representation trauma-related disorders, involve dissociation its surroundings, investigated. review here: (1) behavioral neurobiological literature disorders relevance PPS; (2) outline future research directions aimed examining trauma related-disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Brain Fog and Cognitive Dysfunction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Evidence-Based Review

Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Год журнала: 2025, Номер Volume 18, С. 589 - 606

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Abstract: The term "brain fog" has long been used both colloquially and in research literature reference to various neurocognitive phenomenon that detract from cognitive efficiency. We define as the subjective experience of difficulties, keeping with most common colloquial use term. While a recent increase this largely context post-coronavirus-19 condition known COVID, also discussed relation several other conditions including mental health such post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is associated complaints relative deficits on testing, but phenomenology mechanisms contributing population are poorly understood. psychopathology across cognitive, affective physiological symptom domains have tied fog". Furthermore, dissociative symptoms contribute Comorbid physical may risk experiencing among individuals PTSD. Considerations for assessment part psychodiagnostic discussed. standard psychological intervention reduction deficits, interventions be valuable when persists following remission or interferes treatment. Limitations current include lack consistent definition operationalization literature, well limited tools measurement. Future should address these limitations, further evaluate remediation an Keywords: cognition, complaints, fatigue, trauma

Язык: Английский

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Rumination as a mediator of the associations between moral injury and mental health problems in combat-wounded veterans.

Traumatology An International Journal, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(1), С. 52 - 60

Опубликована: Май 16, 2019

Moral injury is hypothesized to develop from witnessing or engaging in events that violate one's beliefs about themselves and has been shown be associated with negative mental health symptoms. Although there an increase research examining moral among military veterans, mechanisms link outcomes are not well understood. The present study examined rumination subcomponents (problem-focused thoughts, counterfactual thinking, repetitive anticipatory thoughts) as possible mediators of the associations between (both self-directed other-directed symptoms) symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, suicidality, sleep disturbance, memory problems, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms). Participants were 189 combat wounded veterans (180 men; Mean age = 43.14 years) who had experienced one more deployments (defined 90 days more). Nearly all participants reported a service-connected disability (n 176, 93.1%), average participant reporting 90% total VA ranking, most received purple heart 163, 86.2%). Within our comprehensive mediation model, we found eight significant effects consistent mediator being problem-focused thoughts. Specifically, both other- directed increased which turn was higher disorder. Taken together, rumination, particular, relevant understand vulnerability exhibit poor when experiencing injury.

Язык: Английский

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The independent and combined impact of moral injury and moral distress on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

European journal of psychotraumatology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Healthcare workers (HCWs) across the globe have reported symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) during COVID-19 pandemic. Moral Injury (MI) has been associated with PTSD in military populations, but is not well studied healthcare contexts. Distress (MD), a related concept, may enhance understandings MI and its relation to among HCWs. This study examined independent combined impact MD on Canadian HCWs

Язык: Английский

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Childhood Traumas and Dissociation in Firefighters: The Mediating Role of Suicidal Desire

The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The relation between adverse childhood experiences and moral injury in the Canadian Armed Forces

European journal of psychotraumatology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2019

Background: There is increasing evidence that moral injuries (MIs) may affect the mental health of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members and veterans. Despite knowledge suggesting MIs are related to multiple negative outcomes, including onset post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it unknown whether pre-traumatic variables, presence childhood abuse, MIs.Objective: This study seeks investigate potential relationship between adverse experiences later MI in military members.Methods: Thirty-three patients newly admitted an inpatient unit for treatment trauma-related disorders received a standardized self-assessment package, PTSD Checklist DSM-5 (PCL-5), Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES; adapted context), Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q), which retrospective measure abuse.Results: Analyses revealed significant relation emotional abuse adulthood. Specifically, during was correlated with total score on MIES (p = 0.006) its two subscales, perceived betrayals 0.022) transgressions 0.016). These correlations remained when controlling age gender.Conclusions: Among CAF veterans, events preliminary data provocative increase likelihood endorsing adult service. Further work needed identify variables serve risk or enhance resilience development members.

Язык: Английский

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The Dissociative Subtype of PTSD Interview (DSP-I): Development and Psychometric Properties

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(5), С. 564 - 581

Опубликована: Май 28, 2019

The inclusion of the dissociative subtype post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD-DS) in fifth edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Mental Disorders (DSM–5) reflects importance assessing PTSD-DS. We developed Dissociative Subtype PTSD Interview (DSP-I). This clinician-administered instrument assesses presence severity PTSD-DS (i.e., symptoms depersonalization or derealization) contains a supplementary checklist that enables assessment differentiation other trauma-related blanking out, emotional numbing, alterations sensory perception, amnesia, identity confusion). psychometric properties were tested 131 treatment-seeking individuals with histories multiple trauma, 17.6 % whom met criteria for accordance DSP-I. was 275 individuals. Results showed DSP-I to have high internal consistency, good convergent validity items CAPS-5, divergent scales somatization, anxiety depression. derealization highly associated. Moreover, accounted an additional variance scores 8% over above CAPS-5 number traumatic experiences. experiences more strongly associated overall distress, depression, than derealization. In conclusion, appears be clinically relevant psychometrically sound is valuable use clinical research settings.

Язык: Английский

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Pain perception and processing in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis

PAIN Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 5(5), С. e849 - e849

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020

Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a known risk factor for the development of chronic pain conditions, and almost 1 in 5 individuals with fulfills criteria PTSD. However, relationship between PTSD poorly understood studies on perception patients show inconsistent results suggesting that different sensory profiles exist among Here, we (1) systematically summarize current literature experimentally evoked compared to subjects without PTSD, (2) assess whether nature traumatic event associated patterns perception. The main outcome measures were threshold, tolerance, intensity ratings as well temporal summation conditioned modulation. A systematic search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL identified 21 meta-analysis, including 422 496 PTSD-free controls. No effect any measure was found. stratification according trauma revealed significant differences small medium sizes. Combat-related increased thresholds, whereas accident-related decreased thresholds. clear exists. type may affect thresholds differently indicating presence subgroups qualitative processing.

Язык: Английский

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