Depression and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Epidemiology, Mechanism, and Treatment

Neuroscience Bulletin, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 39(4), С. 675 - 684

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2022

Abstract The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an adverse impact on the physical and mental health of public worldwide. In addition to illness in patients with COVID-19, isolated people general population have experienced problems due social distancing policies, mandatory lockdown, other psychosocial factors, prevalence depression anxiety significantly increased during pandemic. purpose this review is elucidate epidemiology, contributing pathogenesis anxiety. These findings indicate that physicians psychiatrists should pay more attention identify those a high risk for problems, such as females, younger people, unmarried low educational level. addition, researchers focus identifying neural neuroimmune mechanisms involved anxiety, assess intestinal microbiome effective biomarkers. We also provide overview various intervention methods, including pharmacological treatment, psychological therapy, physiotherapy, reference different populations guide development optimized methods.

Язык: Английский

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Psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in 9230 adults across seven European countries: Findings from the ESTSS ADJUST study

Journal of Affective Disorders, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 335, С. 18 - 23

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Two Years of COVID-19 in Austria—Exploratory Longitudinal Study of Mental Health Outcomes and Coping Behaviors in the General Population

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(13), С. 8223 - 8223

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022

Since the long-term mental health impact of COVID-19 is not yet fully understood, present study explored changes in outcomes and pandemic-related coping behaviors across four pandemic stages. The main objective was to gain insights into dynamics coping, considering different features at assessment waves. final sample consisted N = 243 adults from Austrian general population. Data were collected timepoints (between June 2020 December 2021) via LimeSurvey, an open-source online survey tool. Symptoms posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), adjustment (AD), anxiety, depression assessed using validated instruments: Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5), AD-New Module 8 (ADNM-8), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ4). We also administered Pandemic Coping Scale (PCS) address behaviors. Cochran’s Q test repeated measures ANOVAs applied assess over time. results indicated that prevalence rates AD (χ2(2) 16.88, p 0.001), (χ2(3) 18.69, < anxiety 19.10, 0.001) significantly changed Changes mean scores observed. For we found differences subscales: healthy lifestyle: F(3, 651) 5.11, prevention adherence: F(2.73, 592.35) 21.88, joyful activities: 5.03. Taken together, our showed a higher burden wintertime than summertime, indicating increased need psychosocial support times stricter measures, incidences, death rates. Furthermore, observed decrease adaptive suggests easy-to-implement strategies should be actively promoted order maintain during aftermath pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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You can’t do anything about it, but you can make the best of it: a qualitative analysis of pandemic-related experiences in six European countries

European journal of psychotraumatology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Май 20, 2022

Background: The complex system of stressors related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected global population, provoking a broad range psychological reactions. Although numerous studies have investigated mental health impact COVID-19, qualitative research and cross-country comparisons are still rare.Objective: This study aimed explore self-perceived challenges opportunities COVID-19 across six European countries. overall objective was provide differentiated picture individual subjective experiences in early stages pandemic.Method: present included 7309 participants from Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Poland, Portugal. We performed content analysis according Mayring analyse open-ended questions regarding stressful events, positive negative aspects pandemic, recommendations cope with situation. MAXQDA software used for data management analysis.Results: Participants' accounts were moderately consistent most prominent themes included: Restrictions changes daily life, Emotional distress, Work finances. Answers about consequences mainly centred around Reflection growth, Opportunity meaningful/enjoyable activities, Benefits on interpersonal level. Key identified participants' Beneficial behavioural adjustment, cognitive–emotional strategies, Social support.Conclusions: Participants experienced various challenges, but also shared several pandemic. These first-hand could inform practices promote well-being during similar participating countries possibly beyond.HIGHLIGHTS examined COVID-19-related adults countries.Besides many consequences.Participants' strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Trajectories of Prolonged Grief Disorder Severity after Loss during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Loss and Trauma, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 24

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Disconnecting from Difficult Emotions in Times of Crisis: The Role of Self-Compassion and Experiential Avoidance in the Link Between Perceived COVID-19 Threat and Adjustment Disorder Severity

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(8), С. 934 - 934

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health worldwide. This study investigated the relationship between perceived threat and adjustment disorder (AjD) severity, examining self-compassion (SC) experiential avoidance (EA) as potential moderators. Additionally, cluster analysis—a statistical method for grouping individuals based on similar psychological characteristics—was employed to identify distinct profiles of SC EA their associations with AjD, depression, anxiety symptoms. Methods: A sample 308 participants meeting AjD criteria completed measures assessing severity (ADNM-20), depression (PHQ-9), (GAD-7), SC, EA, COVID-19. Moderation analyses were performed using PROCESS macro. Cluster analysis identified scores, clusters compared PHQ, GAD symptom severity. Results: moderated Interestingly, high low exhibited no significant association revealed four profiles: (1) (2) average (3) (4) EA. Participants in SC/low reported lower levels symptoms those SC/high cluster, who highest across all measures. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that relied lacked experienced less emotional distress related pandemic-related worries, potentially shielding themselves from acute However, this strategy was associated greater distress, AE more anxiety. In contrast, demonstrated better well-being.

Язык: Английский

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Mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic – a longitudinal study over 42 months in five European countries

European journal of psychotraumatology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

Background: The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is well documented. However, only a few studies investigated in later phases and after its official end. Moreover, little known about people's psychological burden related to other global crises post-pandemic.Objective: Study's first objective was compare outcomes general population over course ten months post-pandemic. second explore regarding pandemic, comparison current wars, climate crises, inflation, poor government management and/or corruption post-pandemic era.Method: Participants from Austria, Croatia, Germany, Greece, Portugal (68.8% female, Mage = 41.55) were assessed online up four times between June 2020 March 2024 (baseline sample: N 7913). Adjustment Disorder New Module - 8 (ADNM-8), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), World Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) used measure adjustment disorder, depression, well-being. Prevalence rates calculated repeated measures ANOVAs applied assess at time points. One-way ANOVA run how different participants' burden.Results: Temporal variations evident across assessment waves, with highest levels probable disorder depression winter 2020/2021 (T2). A slight improvement found Current wars inflation greatest sources assessment, revealing some cross-country differences.Conclusion: Although differences not as pronounced acute phase psychosocial support still needed This likely be due that take toll on health.

Язык: Английский

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The Pandemic Stressor Scale: factorial validity and reliability of a measure of stressors during a pandemic

BMC Psychology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2022

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the factorial validity and reliability of Pandemic Stressor Scale (PaSS), a new measure severity distress for different stressors relevant during pandemic or epidemic. Methods The PaSS was administered in N = 2760 German participants. Exploratory factor analysis used extract factors. structure obtained sample examined 1021 Austrian participants using confirmatory analysis. χ 2 , RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, TLI were assessed as global goodness fit indices two models (Model 1: nine-factor model; Model 2: model combined with second-order general factor). We additionally loadings, communalities, reliability, discriminant local indices. Internal consistency, item discrimination, difficulty additional test quality criteria. Results results exploratory suggested solution loadings accounting 50.4% total variance (Factor 1 ‘Problems Childcare’, Factor ‘Work-related Problems’, 3 ‘Restricted Face-to-Face Contact’, 4 ‘Burden Infection ‘, 5 ‘Crisis Management Communication’, 6 ‘Difficult Housing Condition’, 7 ‘Fear Infection’, 8 Access Resources’, 9 Activity’). showed sufficient both tested (369, 1021) 1443.28, p < .001, RMSEA .053, SRMR .055, CFI .919, .904; (396, 1948.51, .062, .074, .883, .871). chi-square difference indicated significantly better model-fit compared (∆χ (27, 505.23, .001). Local comparable models. found good reliabilities all factors moderate large items indicators. In 2, four first-order small on factor. Conclusion nine measured domains current COVID-19 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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The mediating role of coping strategies between depression and social support and the moderating effect of the parent–child relationship in college students returning to school: During the period of the regular prevention and control of COVID-19

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2023

According to the WHO, compared before COVID-19 pandemic, young people showed a significant increase in depressive symptoms. In light of recent coronavirus pneumonia this study was conducted determine how social support, coping style, parent-child relationships, and depression are associated. We investigated these factors interacted affected prevalence during challenging unheard-of time. Our research may help both individuals healthcare professionals better comprehend assist those who with pandemic's psychological effects.3,763 students from medical college Anhui Province were Social Support Rate Scale, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale.When pandemic situation normalizing, support associated style (p < 0.01). During period normalization, relationship moderated between positive (t = -2.45, p 0.05); negative -4.29, 0.01); association 2.08, 0.05).Social has an impact on regular prevention control through mediating role moderating effect relationship.

Язык: Английский

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Exposure to self-reported traumatic events and probable PTSD in a national sample of Poles: Why does Poland’s PTSD prevalence differ from other national estimates?

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(7), С. e0287854 - e0287854

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023

Background There is a lack of studies on trauma exposure and PTSD prevalence in Poland representative samples. Available data from convenient samples show very high rates probable compared with relevant estimates other countries. Objective This study aimed to measure the self-report traumatic events (PTEs) estimate current rate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) accordance DSM–5 criteria population-based sample Poles. Additionally, link between intensity level life satisfaction was investigated. Method A 1,598 adult Poles recruited. Probable assessed Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale for (PDS–5) Satisfaction Life (SWLS) also used. Results The findings showed that 60.3% had experienced at least one PTE 31.1% those who been exposed reported symptoms PTSD. At entire sample, obtained 18.8%. highest probabilities were child abuse sexual assault. Levels significantly lower group participants Conclusions We found intriguingly relative comparable countries across world. Possible mechanisms are discussed, including social acknowledgement WWII traumas as well poor access trauma-focused care. hope this research may inspire more investigating cross-national differences exposure.

Язык: Английский

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