Animal models for COVID-19: advances, gaps and perspectives

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2022

Abstract COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is the most consequential pandemic of this century. Since outbreak in late 2019, animal models have been playing crucial roles aiding rapid development vaccines/drugs for prevention and therapy, as well understanding pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2 infection immune responses hosts. However, current some deficits there an urgent need novel to evaluate virulence variants concerns (VOC), antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), various comorbidities COVID-19. This review summarizes clinical features COVID-19 different populations, characteristics major including those naturally susceptible animals, such non-human primates, Syrian hamster, ferret, minks, poultry, livestock, mouse sensitized genetically modified, AAV/adenoviral transduced, mouse-adapted strain engraftment human tissues or cells. host receptors proteases essential designing advanced modified models, successful studies on are also reviewed. Several improved alternatives future proposed, reselection alternative receptor genes multiple gene combinations, use transgenic knock-in method, strains establishing next generation mice.

Язык: Английский

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ACE2 and TMPRSS2 distribution in the respiratory tract of different animal species and its correlation with SARS-CoV-2 tissue tropism

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

A wide range of animal species show variable susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2; however, host factors associated with varied remain be defined. Here, we examined whether SARS-CoV-2 and virus tropism in different are dependent on the expression distribution receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (

Язык: Английский

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Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV-2 MA10 Strain Displays Differential Pulmonary Tropism and Accelerated Viral Replication, Neurodissemination, and Pulmonary Host Responses in K18-hACE2 Mice

mSphere, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is still significantly impacting health care systems around the globe. Refined animal models are needed to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity as well efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Competition of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the pandemic transmission dynamics

Chaos Solitons & Fractals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 169, С. 113193 - 113193

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Suggestive of Single Events of Spillover to Cattle, Germany

Emerging infectious diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(9), С. 1916 - 1918

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2022

Human infection with SARS-CoV-2 poses a risk for transmission to animals. To characterize the cattle, we serologically investigated 1,000 samples collected from cattle in Germany late 2021. Eleven antibody-positive indicated that may be occasionally infected by contact SARS-CoV-2-positive keepers, but found no indication of further spread.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of Entry Pathways, Species-Specific Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Residues Determining Entry, and Antibody Neutralization Evasion of Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 Variants

Journal of Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 96(17)

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants were first detected in November 2021, and several lineages (BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5) have since rapidly emerged. Studies characterizing the mechanisms of variant infection sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies induced upon vaccination are ongoing by groups. In present study, we used pseudoviruses show that transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) enhances BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.3 a lesser extent than ancestral D614G. We further higher inhibition soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) endosomal inhibitor chloroquine compared also more efficiently ACE2 receptors from 9 out 10 animal species tested, unlike D614G variant, mouse due Q493R Q498R spike substitutions. Finally, neutralization three doses Pfizer/BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was 7- 8-fold less potent These results provide insights into transmissibility immune evasion capacity emerging curb their spread. IMPORTANCE emergence with an extensive number mutations poses significant public health zoonotic concern enhanced transmission fitness escape antibodies. studied lineage BA.3) found has influence on entry cells D614G, exhibits greater addition, displays efficient usage diverse Furthermore, Q493R/Q498R substitutions spike, Omicron, but not can use receptor. elicit high titers against variants, although still lower those may give

Язык: Английский

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Terrestrial Animals in Southern Nigeria: Potential Cases of Reverse Zoonosis

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(5), С. 1187 - 1187

Опубликована: Май 17, 2023

Since SARS-CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic, records have suggested occurrence of reverse zoonosis pets and farm animals in contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive humans Occident. However, there is little information on spread virus among Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate various Nigeria. Overall, 791 from Ebonyi, Ogun, Ondo, Oyo States, Nigeria were screened for using RT-qPCR (n = 364) IgG ELISA 654). positivity rates 45.9% (RT-qPCR) 1.4% (ELISA). RNA was detected almost all animal taxa sampling locations except State. IgGs only goats Ebonyi pigs Ogun States. infectivity higher 2021 than 2022. Our highlights ability infect animals. It presents first report natural infection poultry, pigs, domestic ruminants, lizards. The close human–animal interactions these settings suggest ongoing zoonosis, highlighting role behavioral factors transmission potential These underscore importance continuous monitoring detect intervene any eventual upsurge.

Язык: Английский

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Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from humans to animals: is there a risk of novel reservoirs?

Current Opinion in Virology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63, С. 101365 - 101365

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic virus able to infect humans and multiple nonhuman animal species. Most natural infections in companion, captive zoo, livestock, wildlife species have been related reverse transmission, raising concern about potential generation of reservoirs due human–animal interactions. To date, American mink white-tailed deer are the only that led extensive intraspecies transmission SARS-CoV-2 after zoonosis, leading an efficient spread subsequent animal-to-human transmission. Viral host adaptations increase probability new variants' emergence could cause major global health impact. Therefore, applying One Health approach crucial prevent overcome future threats for human, animal, environmental fields.

Язык: Английский

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Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in Biological Fluids of Animals

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(3), С. 761 - 761

Опубликована: Март 16, 2023

Since its first emergence in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continued to evolve genetically, jump species barriers, and expand host range. There is growing evidence of interspecies transmission including infection domestic animals widespread circulation wildlife. However, knowledge SARS-CoV-2 stability animal biological fluids their role still limited as previous studies focused on human fluids. Therefore, this study aimed determine the from three species, cats, sheep white-tailed deer (WTD). Saliva, feces, 10% fecal suspensions, urine sheep, WTD were mixed with a known concentration virus incubated under indoor different climatic conditions. Our results show that was stable for up 1 day saliva regardless environmental The remained infectious 6 days feces 15 suspension WTD, whereas rather unstable cat suspensions. We found longest survival WTD. Furthermore, side-by-side comparison strains showed Alpha, Delta, Omicron variants concern less than ancestral Wuhan-like strain suspension. our provide valuable information assessing potential various transmission.

Язык: Английский

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Serological screening in wild ruminants in Germany, 2021/2022: No evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2, bluetongue virus or pestivirus spread but high seroprevalences against Schmallenberg virus

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 69(5)

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

Wildlife animals may be susceptible to multiple infectious agents of public health or veterinary relevance, thereby potentially forming a reservoir that bears the constant risk re-introduction into human livestock population. Here, we serologically investigated 493 wild ruminant samples collected in 2021/2022 hunting season Germany for presence antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and four viruses pathogenic domestic ruminants, namely, orthobunyavirus Schmallenberg virus (SBV), reovirus bluetongue (BTV) pestiviruses like bovine viral diarrhoea border disease virus. The animal species comprised fallow deer, red roe mouflon wisent. For serology, additional 307 fallow, deer between 2017 2020 at three military training areas were included. While SBV could detected about 13.6% 2021/2022, only one unknown age tested positive anti-BTV antibodies, all reacted negative pestiviruses. In an ELISA based on receptor-binding domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2, 25 out (5.1%) autumn winter scored positive. This sero-reactivity not confirmed by highly specific neutralisation test, occurred also 2017, 2018 2019, is, prior SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, was likewise observed RBD related SARS-CoV-1. Therefore, most likely induced another hitherto belonging subgenus Sarbecovirus betacoronaviruses.

Язык: Английский

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