Inter-specifically,
mammalian
species
with
larger
brains
built
of
numerous
neurons
have
higher
cognitive
abilities
(CA)
but
at
the
expense
metabolic
costs.
It
is
unclear,
however,
how
this
pattern
emerged
since
evolutionary
mechanisms
act
intra-specifically,
not
inter-specifically.
Here,
we
tested
existence
above
level
in
hippocampus—the
brain
structure
underlying
CA.
We
used
an
artificial
selection
experiment
consisting
lines
laboratory
mice
divergently
selected
for
basal
rate
(BMR)—a
trait
implicated
size
evolution,
its
costs
and
Selection
on
BMR
did
affect
hippocampus
as
a
correlated
response
to
selection.
However,
high
had
superior
CA
manifested
increased
neuronal
density,
cytochrome
c
oxidase
density
(indexing
activity)
dendritic
spine
connectivity
between
neurons).
Thus,
our
study
calls
into
question
generality
patterns
evolution
apparent
interspecifically.
At
level,
may
arise
through
rearrangement
architecture
function
without
conspicuous
increase
their
metabolism.
Annual Review of Virology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
10(1), С. 503 - 524
Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2023
The
global
rise
of
antibiotic
resistance
in
bacterial
pathogens
and
the
waning
efficacy
antibiotics
urge
consideration
alternative
antimicrobial
strategies.
Phage
therapy
is
a
classic
approach
where
bacteriophages
(bacteria-specific
viruses)
are
used
against
infections,
with
many
recent
successes
personalized
medicine
treatment
intractable
infections.
However,
perpetual
challenge
for
developing
generalized
phage
expectation
that
viruses
will
exert
selection
target
bacteria
to
deploy
defenses
virus
attack,
causing
evolution
during
patient
treatment.
Here
we
review
two
main
complementary
strategies
mitigating
therapy:
minimizing
ability
populations
evolve
driving
(steering)
phage-resistant
toward
clinically
favorable
outcomes.
We
discuss
future
research
directions
might
further
address
phage-resistance
problem,
foster
widespread
development
deployment
therapeutic
outsmart
evolved
clinical
settings.
World Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
22(2), С. 177 - 202
Опубликована: Май 9, 2023
Evolutionary
biology
provides
a
crucial
foundation
for
medicine
and
behavioral
science
that
has
been
missing
from
psychiatry.
Its
absence
helps
to
explain
slow
progress;
its
advent
promises
major
advances.
Instead
of
offering
new
kind
treatment,
evolutionary
psychiatry
scientific
useful
all
kinds
treatment.
It
expands
the
search
causes
mechanistic
explanations
disease
in
some
individuals
traits
make
members
species
vulnerable
disease.
For
instance,
capacities
symptoms
such
as
pain,
cough,
anxiety
low
mood
are
universal
because
they
certain
situations.
Failing
recognize
utility
is
at
root
many
problems
Determining
if
an
emotion
normal
it
requires
understanding
individual's
life
situation.
Conducting
review
social
systems,
parallel
systems
rest
medicine,
can
help
achieve
understanding.
Coping
with
substance
abuse
advanced
by
acknowledging
how
substances
available
modern
environments
hijack
chemically
mediated
learning
mechanisms.
Understanding
why
eating
spirals
out
control
aided
recognizing
motivations
caloric
restriction
arouses
famine
protection
mechanisms
induce
binge
eating.
Finally,
explaining
persistence
alleles
cause
serious
mental
disorders
intrinsically
failure.
The
thrill
finding
functions
apparent
diseases
psychiatry's
greatest
strength
weakness.
Recognizing
bad
feelings
evolved
adaptations
corrects
pervasive
mistake
viewing
were
manifestations.
However,
panic
disorder,
melancholia
schizophrenia
equally
Progress
will
come
framing
testing
specific
hypotheses
about
natural
selection
left
us
disorders.
efforts
people
over
years
be
needed
before
we
know
provide
paradigm
treating
Polyploidy,
resulting
from
whole‐genome
duplication
(WGD),
is
ubiquitous
in
nature
and
reportedly
associated
with
extreme
environments
biological
invasions.
However,
WGD
usually
comes
great
costs,
raising
questions
about
the
establishment
chance
of
newly
formed
polyploids.
The
surprisingly
high
number
polyploid
mixed‐ploidy
species
observed
may
be
a
consequence
their
continuous
emergence
or
reflect
stable
persistence
even
coexistence
ancestral
ploidy
under
certain
circumstances.
empirical
studies
on
contemporary
often
neglect
cost–benefit
balances
characteristics,
tradeoffs
between
phenotypic
intercytotype
interactions,
recurrent
formation,
stochastic
processes.
Here,
we
advocate
for
considering
population‐level
success,
combining
aforementioned
factors
that
affect
long‐term
ancestors.
We
approach
paradox
despite
costs
modern
theory
perspective
give
an
overview
diversity
mechanisms
timing
potentially
enable
rather
than
transient
persistence.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
70(1), С. 271 - 292
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025
Major
changes
in
genetic
variation
are
generally
considered
deleterious
to
populations.
The
massive
biodiversity
of
insects
distinguishes
them
from
other
animal
groups.
Insect
deviant
effective
population
sizes,
alternative
modes
reproduction,
advantageous
inbreeding,
endosymbionts,
and
factors
translate
highly
specific
inbreeding
outbreeding
outcomes.
We
review
the
evidence
for
depression
consequences
across
wild
captive
insect
populations,
highlighting
conservation,
invasion,
commercial
production
entomology.
not
only
discern
patterns
but
also
explain
why
they
often
inconsistent
or
absent.
discuss
how
operates
complex,
sometimes
contradictory
directions,
such
as
being
detrimental
individuals
beneficial
conclude
by
giving
recommendations
(
a
)
more
comprehensively
account
important
variables
depression,
b
standardize
means
measuring
phenotypic
impacts
populations
so
reliably
predict
when
applies,
c
outline
possible
remediation
options,
both
nongenetic
genetic,
including
revision
restrictive
international
trade
laws.
Deleted Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
97(2), С. 97 - 117
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024
How
traits
at
multiple
levels
of
biological
organization
evolve
in
a
correlated
fashion
response
to
directional
selection
is
poorly
understood,
but
two
popular
models
are
the
very
general
"behavior
evolves
first"
(BEF)
hypothesis
and
more
specific
"morphology-performance-behavior-fitness"
(MPBF)
paradigm.
Both
acknowledge
that
often
acts
relatively
directly
on
behavior
when
evolves,
other
will
as
well
most
with
some
lag.
However,
this
proposition
exceedingly
difficult
test
nature.
Therefore,
we
studied
responses
high-runner
(HR)
mouse
experiment,
which
four
replicate
lines
have
been
bred
for
voluntary
wheel-running
compared
nonselected
control
(C)
lines.
We
analyzed
wide
range
measured
generations
20–24
(with
focus
new
data
from
generation
22),
coinciding
point
all
HR
were
reaching
limits
(plateaus).
Significance
(226
P
values)
across
trait
types
by
ANOVA,
used
positive
false
discovery
rate
comparisons.
This
meta-analysis
showed
that,
surprisingly,
measures
performance
(including
maximal
oxygen
consumption
during
forced
exercise)
no
evidence
having
diverged
between
C
lines,
nor
did
any
life
history
(e.g.,
litter
size),
whereas
body
mass
had
responded
(decreased)
least
strongly
wheel
running.
Overall,
results
suggest
mice
evolved
primarily
changes
motivation
rather
than
ability
time
they
limits.
In
addition,
neither
BEF
model
MPBF
hierarchical
evolution
provides
particularly
good
fit
experiment.
Current Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(7), С. 1403 - 1413.e5
Опубликована: Март 8, 2024
Microbes
are
evolutionarily
robust
organisms
capable
of
rapid
adaptation
to
complex
stress,
which
enables
them
colonize
harsh
environments.
In
nature,
microbes
regularly
challenged
by
starvation,
is
a
particularly
stress
because
resource
limitation
often
co-occurs
with
changes
in
pH,
osmolarity,
and
toxin
accumulation
created
metabolic
waste.
Often
overlooked
the
additional
complications
introduced
eventual
replenishment,
as
successful
must
withstand
environmental
shifts
before
swiftly
capitalizing
on
replenished
resources
avoid
invasion
competing
species.
To
understand
how
navigate
trade-offs
between
growth
survival,
ultimately
adapting
thrive
environments
extreme
fluctuations,
we
experimentally
evolved
16
Escherichia
coli
populations
for
900
days
repeated
feast/famine
conditions
cycles
100-day
starvation
replenishment.
Using
longitudinal
population-genomic
analysis,
found
that
evolution
response
characterized
narrow
adaptive
trajectories
high
mutational
parallelism
notable
order.
Genetic
reconstructions
reveal
early
mutations
result
biofilm
motility
but
trade-ups
these
conferred
positively
correlated
advantages
during
both
short-term
long-term
culture.
Our
results
demonstrate
can
landscapes
fluctuating
follow
confer
benefits
across
diverse
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
Abstract
Functional
trade-offs
can
affect
patterns
of
morphological
and
ecological
evolution
as
well
the
magnitude
changes
through
evolutionary
time.
Using
morpho-functional
landscape
modelling
on
cranium
132
carnivore
species,
we
focused
macroevolutionary
effects
trade-off
between
bite
force
velocity.
Here,
show
that
rates
in
form
(morphology)
are
decoupled
from
function.
Further,
found
theoretical
morphologies
optimising
for
velocity
to
be
more
diverse,
while
a
much
smaller
phenotypic
space
was
occupied
by
shapes
force.
This
pattern
differential
representation
different
functions
highly
correlated
with
actual
disparity.
We
hypothesise
many-to-one
mapping
shape
function
may
prevent
detection
direct
relationships
As
comparatively
only
few
optimise
force,
species
this
less
abundant
because
they
likely
evolve.
This,
turn,
explain
why
certain
clades
variable
than
others.
Given
ubiquity
functional
biological
systems,
these
general
help
unevenness
diversity
across
tree
life.
