Developing Phage Therapy That Overcomes the Evolution of Bacterial Resistance

Annual Review of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 503 - 524

Published: June 2, 2023

The global rise of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens and the waning efficacy antibiotics urge consideration alternative antimicrobial strategies. Phage therapy is a classic approach where bacteriophages (bacteria-specific viruses) are used against infections, with many recent successes personalized medicine treatment intractable infections. However, perpetual challenge for developing generalized phage expectation that viruses will exert selection target bacteria to deploy defenses virus attack, causing evolution during patient treatment. Here we review two main complementary strategies mitigating therapy: minimizing ability populations evolve driving (steering) phage-resistant toward clinically favorable outcomes. We discuss future research directions might further address phage-resistance problem, foster widespread development deployment therapeutic outsmart evolved clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary psychiatry: foundations, progress and challenges

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 177 - 202

Published: May 9, 2023

Evolutionary biology provides a crucial foundation for medicine and behavioral science that has been missing from psychiatry. Its absence helps to explain slow progress; its advent promises major advances. Instead of offering new kind treatment, evolutionary psychiatry scientific useful all kinds treatment. It expands the search causes mechanistic explanations disease in some individuals traits make members species vulnerable disease. For instance, capacities symptoms such as pain, cough, anxiety low mood are universal because they certain situations. Failing recognize utility is at root many problems Determining if an emotion normal it requires understanding individual's life situation. Conducting review social systems, parallel systems rest medicine, can help achieve understanding. Coping with substance abuse advanced by acknowledging how substances available modern environments hijack chemically mediated learning mechanisms. Understanding why eating spirals out control aided recognizing motivations caloric restriction arouses famine protection mechanisms induce binge eating. Finally, explaining persistence alleles cause serious mental disorders intrinsically failure. The thrill finding functions apparent diseases psychiatry's greatest strength weakness. Recognizing bad feelings evolved adaptations corrects pervasive mistake viewing were manifestations. However, panic disorder, melancholia schizophrenia equally Progress will come framing testing specific hypotheses about natural selection left us disorders. efforts people over years be needed before we know provide paradigm treating

Language: Английский

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Understanding polyploid establishment: temporary persistence or stable coexistence?

Oikos, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(5)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Polyploidy, resulting from whole‐genome duplication (WGD), is ubiquitous in nature and reportedly associated with extreme environments biological invasions. However, WGD usually comes great costs, raising questions about the establishment chance of newly formed polyploids. The surprisingly high number polyploid mixed‐ploidy species observed may be a consequence their continuous emergence or reflect stable persistence even coexistence ancestral ploidy under certain circumstances. empirical studies on contemporary often neglect cost–benefit balances characteristics, tradeoffs between phenotypic intercytotype interactions, recurrent formation, stochastic processes. Here, we advocate for considering population‐level success, combining aforementioned factors that affect long‐term ancestors. We approach paradox despite costs modern theory perspective give an overview diversity mechanisms timing potentially enable rather than transient persistence.

Language: Английский

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Does Behavior Evolve First? Correlated Responses to Selection for Voluntary Wheel-Running Behavior in House Mice

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97(2), P. 97 - 117

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

How traits at multiple levels of biological organization evolve in a correlated fashion response to directional selection is poorly understood, but two popular models are the very general "behavior evolves first" (BEF) hypothesis and more specific "morphology-performance-behavior-fitness" (MPBF) paradigm. Both acknowledge that often acts relatively directly on behavior when evolves, other will as well most with some lag. However, this proposition exceedingly difficult test nature. Therefore, we studied responses high-runner (HR) mouse experiment, which four replicate lines have been bred for voluntary wheel-running compared nonselected control (C) lines. We analyzed wide range measured generations 20–24 (with focus new data from generation 22), coinciding point all HR were reaching limits (plateaus). Significance (226 P values) across trait types by ANOVA, used positive false discovery rate comparisons. This meta-analysis showed that, surprisingly, measures performance (including maximal oxygen consumption during forced exercise) no evidence having diverged between C lines, nor did any life history (e.g., litter size), whereas body mass had responded (decreased) least strongly wheel running. Overall, results suggest mice evolved primarily changes motivation rather than ability time they limits. In addition, neither BEF model MPBF hierarchical evolution provides particularly good fit experiment.

Language: Английский

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Inferring metabolic objectives and trade-offs in single cells during embryogenesis

Cell Systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101164 - 101164

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Inbreeding and Outbreeding Depression in Wild and Captive Insect Populations

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 271 - 292

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Major changes in genetic variation are generally considered deleterious to populations. The massive biodiversity of insects distinguishes them from other animal groups. Insect deviant effective population sizes, alternative modes reproduction, advantageous inbreeding, endosymbionts, and factors translate highly specific inbreeding outbreeding outcomes. We review the evidence for depression consequences across wild captive insect populations, highlighting conservation, invasion, commercial production entomology. not only discern patterns but also explain why they often inconsistent or absent. discuss how operates complex, sometimes contradictory directions, such as being detrimental individuals beneficial conclude by giving recommendations ( a ) more comprehensively account important variables depression, b standardize means measuring phenotypic impacts populations so reliably predict when applies, c outline possible remediation options, both nongenetic genetic, including revision restrictive international trade laws.

Language: Английский

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Macroevolutionary divergence along allometric lines of least resistance in frog hindlimb traits and its effect on locomotor evolution

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Trade-offs, trade-ups, and high mutational parallelism underlie microbial adaptation during extreme cycles of feast and famine

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(7), P. 1403 - 1413.e5

Published: March 8, 2024

Microbes are evolutionarily robust organisms capable of rapid adaptation to complex stress, which enables them colonize harsh environments. In nature, microbes regularly challenged by starvation, is a particularly stress because resource limitation often co-occurs with changes in pH, osmolarity, and toxin accumulation created metabolic waste. Often overlooked the additional complications introduced eventual replenishment, as successful must withstand environmental shifts before swiftly capitalizing on replenished resources avoid invasion competing species. To understand how navigate trade-offs between growth survival, ultimately adapting thrive environments extreme fluctuations, we experimentally evolved 16 Escherichia coli populations for 900 days repeated feast/famine conditions cycles 100-day starvation replenishment. Using longitudinal population-genomic analysis, found that evolution response characterized narrow adaptive trajectories high mutational parallelism notable order. Genetic reconstructions reveal early mutations result biofilm motility but trade-ups these conferred positively correlated advantages during both short-term long-term culture. Our results demonstrate can landscapes fluctuating follow confer benefits across diverse

Language: Английский

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Unexpectedly uneven distribution of functional trade-offs explains cranial morphological diversity in carnivores

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 16, 2024

Abstract Functional trade-offs can affect patterns of morphological and ecological evolution as well the magnitude changes through evolutionary time. Using morpho-functional landscape modelling on cranium 132 carnivore species, we focused macroevolutionary effects trade-off between bite force velocity. Here, show that rates in form (morphology) are decoupled from function. Further, found theoretical morphologies optimising for velocity to be more diverse, while a much smaller phenotypic space was occupied by shapes force. This pattern differential representation different functions highly correlated with actual disparity. We hypothesise many-to-one mapping shape function may prevent detection direct relationships As comparatively only few optimise force, species this less abundant because they likely evolve. This, turn, explain why certain clades variable than others. Given ubiquity functional biological systems, these general help unevenness diversity across tree life.

Language: Английский

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Competence to thrive: resilience as an indicator of positive health and positive welfare in animals

Animal Production Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 62(15), P. 1439 - 1458

Published: July 4, 2022

A capacity for an animal to maintain or regain healthy functioning in the face of environmental disturbances is recognised as resilience. For individual animal, dynamic properties trajectory performance traits (e.g. daily milk yield), periodicity physiological and behavioural variables body temperature) complexity biological functions repertoire) can provide indicators its These a view individual’s attempts cope physically (and emotionally) with non-shared micro-environment. The concept resilience examined multifaceted attribute that hidden from direct measurement. challenges establishing relationships between general context-specific such disease are explored by comparison construct temperament (personality). Lower variance deviations trajectories stronger rhythmic mostly heritable favourably associated health longevity. In humans, wellbeing outcomes, biomarkers more strongly eudaimonic than hedonic wellbeing. psychological state eudaimonia express agency, function well, fulfill potential mastery. need animals has been suggested previously. Links mastery develop physiological, immune, behavioural, cognitive affective competencies examined. It longitudinal data on precision physical indicator positive welfare. this view, welfare entails both aspects wellbeing, neither which alone sufficient describe maximise Cumulative scores may have utility assessing lifetime experience when summed at farm level metric benchmarking performance. Breeding selects normativity assessed against animal’s own baseline inherited developmentally acquired potential. This differs current approaches selection production, aim production efficiency benchmarked group mean. Biological costs trade-offs require further research.

Language: Английский

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