Neuroinflammation and Epilepsy: From Pathophysiology to Therapies Based on Repurposing Drugs

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(8), С. 4161 - 4161

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Neuroinflammation and epilepsy are different pathologies, but, in some cases, they so closely related that the activation of one pathologies leads to development other. In this work, we discuss three main cell types involved neuroinflammation, namely (i) reactive astrocytes, (ii) activated microglia, infiltration (iii) peripheral immune cells central nervous system. Then, how neuroinflammation interconnected describe use repurposing drugs with anti-inflammatory properties have been shown a beneficial effect models. This review reinforces idea compounds designed alleviate seizures need target not only caused by astrocytes microglia but also interaction these infiltrated cells.

Язык: Английский

---

A Decade of Dedication: Pioneering Perspectives on Neurological Diseases and Mental Illnesses

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(5), С. 1083 - 1083

Опубликована: Май 13, 2024

Welcome to

Язык: Английский

---

Potential neurological effects of severe COVID-19 infection

Neuroscience Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 158, С. 1 - 5

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

COVID-19: dealing with a potential risk factor for chronic neurological disorders

Journal of Neurology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 268(4), С. 1171 - 1178

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2020

Abstract SARS-CoV2 infection is responsible for a complex clinical syndrome, named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), whose main consequences are severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Occurrence of subacute neurological manifestations (encephalitis, stroke, headache, seizures, Guillain–Barrè syndrome) increasingly reported in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, immunopathology tissue colonization the gut central nervous system, systemic inflammatory response during COVID-19 may potentially trigger chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disorders. Specifically, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis narcolepsy present several pathogenic mechanisms that can be hypothetically initiated by susceptible individuals. In this short narrative review, we summarize evidence supporting rationale investigating as risk factor these disorders, suggest opportunity to perform future serology when diagnosing

Язык: Английский

---

Neuroinflammation: A Signature or a Cause of Epilepsy?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(13), С. 6981 - 6981

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2021

Epilepsy can be both a primary pathology and secondary effect of many neurological conditions. Many papers show that neuroinflammation is product epilepsy, in pathological conditions characterized by neuroinflammation, there higher probability to develop epilepsy. However, the bidirectional mechanism reciprocal interaction between epilepsy remains fully understood. Here, we attempt explore discuss relationship inflammation some paradigmatic systemic disorders associated with In particular, have chosen one representative form for each its actual known etiologies. A better understanding mechanistic link would important improve subject-based therapies, prophylaxis treatment

Язык: Английский

---

Th17 cells and inflammation in neurological disorders: Possible mechanisms of action

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2022

Neurological disorders (NDs) are one of the leading causes global death. A sustained neuroinflammatory response has been reported to be associated with pathogenesis multiple NDs, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s (AD), amyotrophic lateral (ALS), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence shows that recruitment abundant lymphocytes in central nervous system may contribute promoting development progress inflammation neurological disorders. As subset T lymphocytes, CD4 + cells have a critical impact on helper (Th) 17 is most studied Th subpopulations produces cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-23, IL-21, IL-6, IFN-γ), abnormal excessive activation microglia other immune cell types. All these factors involved several However, possible mechanisms Th17 their immunopathology abovementioned not clarified completely. This review will summarize by which encephalitogenic inflammatory related strongly chronic neuroinflammation, thus perpetuating neurodegenerative processes NDs. Finally, potential therapeutic prospects NDs also discussed.

Язык: Английский

---

Nanotechnology-Abetted Astaxanthin Formulations in Multimodel Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 65(1), С. 2 - 36

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021

Astaxanthin (AXT) is one of the most important fat-soluble carotenoids that have abundant and diverse therapeutic applications namely in liver disease, cardiovascular cancer treatment, protection nervous system, skin eyes against UV radiation, boosting immune system. However, due to its intrinsic reactivity, it chemically unstable, therefore, design production processes for this compound need be precisely formulated. Nanoencapsulation widely applied protect AXT degradation during digestion storage, thus improving physicochemical properties effects. Nanocarriers are delivery systems with many advantages─ease surface modification, biocompatibility, targeted drug release. This review discusses technological advancement nanocarriers through brain, eyes, skin, emphasis on benefits, limitations, efficiency practice.

Язык: Английский

---

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Marine Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential as Functional Food Ingredients in the Prevention and Treatment of Neuroinflammatory Disorders

Molecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(1), С. 2 - 2

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2022

Functional foods include enhanced, enriched, fortified, or whole that impart health benefits beyond their nutritional value, particularly when consumed as part of a varied diet on regular basis at effective levels. Marine sources can serve the various healthy and numerous functional food ingredients with biological effects be derived from these sources. Microalgae, macroalgae, crustaceans, fungi, bacteria fish, fish by-products are most common marine provide many potential including phenolic compounds, proteins peptides, polysaccharides. Neuroinflammation is closely linked initiation progression neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's Parkinson's disease. Activation astrocytes microglia defense mechanism brain to counter damaged tissues detrimental pathogens, wherein chronic activation triggers neuroinflammation further exacerbate induce neurodegeneration. Currently, available therapeutic agents only symptomatic relief disorders no therapies stop slow down advancement Thereffore, natural compounds exert protective effect against have potential. Numerous chemical bioactive fatty acids, pigments, alkaloids, polysaccharides, already been isolated show anti-inflammatory properties, which in treatment prevention neuroinflammatory disorders. The marine-derived neurological covered this review.

Язык: Английский

---

Neuroprotection of Cannabidiol, Its Synthetic Derivatives and Combination Preparations against Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Neurological Disorders

Molecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(15), С. 4961 - 4961

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2022

The lack of effective treatment for neurological disorders has encouraged the search novel therapeutic strategies. Remarkably, neuroinflammation provoked by activated microglia is emerging as an important target dysfunction in central nervous system. In pathological context, hyperactivation leads to through release neurotoxic molecules, such reactive oxygen species, proteinases, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Cannabidiol (CBD) a major pharmacologically active phytocannabinoids derived from Cannabis sativa L. CBD promising effects based on mounting clinical preclinical studies disorders, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, ischemic brain injuries, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia Alzheimer’s disease. A number suggested that exhibited potent inhibitory molecules inflammatory modulators, highlighting its remarkable potential numerous disorders. However, molecular mechanisms action underpinning CBD’s appear be complex are poorly understood. This review summarises anti-neuroinflammatory activities against various with particular focus their main action, which were related downregulation NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS, TLR4-NFκB IFN-β-JAK-STAT pathways. We also illustrate pharmacological derivatives focusing neuroprotective included demonstrated synergistic enhanced activity using other biomolecules. summarised shed light development CBD, including combination preparations options prevention and/or where plays role components.

Язык: Английский

---

Microbial-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites and Their Role in Neurological Disease: Anthranilic Acid and Anthranilic Acid Derivatives

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(7), С. 1825 - 1825

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023

The gut microbiome provides the host access to otherwise indigestible nutrients, which are often further metabolized by into bioactive components. can also shift balance of host-produced compounds, may alter health. One precursor metabolites is essential aromatic amino acid tryptophan. Tryptophan mostly shunted kynurenine pathway but primary metabolite for serotonin production and bacterial indole pathway. Balance between tryptophan-derived crucial neurological homeostasis metabolic imbalance trigger or exacerbate diseases. Alzheimer's, depression, schizophrenia have been linked diverging levels anthranilic, kynurenic, quinolinic acid. Anthranilic from collective metabolism plays a complex important role in systemic Although anthranilic its products great importance host-microbe interaction health, literature examining mechanistic relationships microbial production, regulation, diseases scarce at times conflicting. This narrative review an overview current understanding acid's health disease, with particular focus on contribution microbiome, gut-brain axis, involvement three major tryptophan pathways.

Язык: Английский

---