Sex-biased gene expression in fish – a milestone

Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

A recommendation of: Florent Sylvestre, Nadia Aubin-Horth, Louis Bernatchez Sex-biased gene expression across tissues reveals unexpected differentiation in the gills of threespine stickleback https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.09.597944

Язык: Английский

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On the resolution of sexual conflict over shared traits

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 291(2027)

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024

Anisogamy, different-sized male and female gametes, sits at the heart of sexual selection conflict between sexes. Sperm producers (males) egg (females) same species generally share most, if not all, genome, but frequently favours different trait values in each sex for traits common to both. The extent which this might be resolved, potential mechanisms by can occur, have been widely debated. Here, we summarize recent findings emphasize that once sexes evolve, is ongoing, therefore new always possible. In addition, largely a multivariate problem, involving combinations underpinned networks interconnected genes. Although these complexities hinder resolution, they also provide multiple possible routes decouple phenotypes permit sex-specific evolution. Finally, highlight difficulty study over shared promising directions future research.

Язык: Английский

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The role of patient-specific variables in protein corona formation and therapeutic efficacy in nanomedicine

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024

Despite their potential, the adoption of nanotechnology in therapeutics remains limited, with only around eighty nanomedicines approved past 30 years. This disparity is partly due to "one-size-fits-all" approach medical design, which often overlooks patient-specific variables such as biological sex, genetic ancestry, disease state, environment, and age that influence nanoparticle behavior. Nanoparticles (NPs) must be transported through systemic, microenvironmental, cellular barriers vary across heterogeneous patient populations. Key patient-dependent properties impacting NP delivery include blood flow rates, body fat distribution, reproductive organ vascularization, hormone protein levels, immune responses, chromosomal differences. Understanding these crucial for developing effective, nanotechnologies. The formation a corona NPs upon exposure fluids significantly alters properties, affecting biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, cytotoxicity, targeting. dynamics corona, time-dependent composition soft hard coronas, depend on characteristics serum components. review highlights importance understanding different backgrounds its implications including age, state. By exploring variables, we aim advance development personalized nanomedicine, improving therapeutic efficacy outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Developmental Programming: Sex-specific Effects of Prenatal Exposure to a Real-Life Mixture of Environmental Chemicals on Liver Function and Transcriptome in Sheep.

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 367, С. 125630 - 125630

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The piRNA protein Asz1 is essential for germ cell and gonad development in zebrafish and exhibits differential necessities in distinct types of germ granules

PLoS Genetics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(1), С. e1010868 - e1010868

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Germ cells are essential for fertility, embryogenesis, and reproduction. Germline development requires distinct types of germ granules, which contains RNA-protein (RNP) complexes, including plasm in embryos, piRNA granules gonadal cells, the Balbiani body (Bb) oocytes. However, regulation RNP assemblies zebrafish germline still poorly understood. Asz1 is a protein Drosophila mice. Zebrafish localizes to both Bb with yet unknown functions. Here, we hypothesized that functions zebrafish. We generated asz1 mutant fish determine roles cell development. show dispensable somatic development, but gonad -/- developed exclusively as sterile males severely underdeveloped testes lacked cells. In juvenile gonads, undergo extensive apoptosis, demonstrating survival. Mechanistically, provide evidence conclude zygotic not required primordial specification or migration gonad, during post-embryonic likely by suppressing expression transposons. Increased transposon mis-organized mutants, argue pathway. asz1;tp53 partially rescue ovarian revealing also oogenesis. further showed contrast granule formation, shown normal localization Buc dazl . By uncovering an regulator survival gonadogenesis zebrafish, determining its differential necessity types, our work advances understanding developmental genetics reproduction well biology.

Язык: Английский

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Sex-biased gene expression across tissues reveals unexpected differentiation in the gills of the threespine stickleback

Peer Community Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Sexual dimorphism can evolve through sex-specific regulation of the same gene set. However, sex chromosomes also facilitate this by directly linking expression to sex. Moreover, differences in content between heteromorphic contribute sexual dimorphism. Understanding patterns sex-biased across organisms is important for gaining insight into evolution and chromosomes. studying species with recently established help understand evolutionary dynamics loss dosage compensation. The three-spined stickleback known its strong dimorphism, especially during reproductive period. Sex determined a young XY chromosome pair non-recombining region divided three strata, which have started degenerate. Using high multiplexing capability 3′ QuantSeq sequence transcriptome liver, gills, brain, we provide first characterization transcriptomes from ~80 sticklebacks (40 males 40 females) collected natural population We find that liver extremely differentiated sexes (36% autosomal genes) reflects ongoing reproduction, while brain shows very low levels differentiation (0.78%) no functional enrichment. Finally, gills exhibit (5%), suggesting should be considered physiological ecotoxicological studies gill responses fishes. hemizygous genes mainly driven lack conserved copies on both likely degeneration Y allele down-regulation male-beneficial mutations X chromosome.

Язык: Английский

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The release of sexual conflict after sex loss is associated with evolutionary changes in gene expression

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 292(2039)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Sexual conflict can arise because males and females, while sharing most of their genome, have different phenotypic optima. Sexually dimorphic gene expression may help reduce conflict, but the many genes remain sub-optimal owing to unresolved tensions between sexes. Asexual lineages lack such making them relevant models for understanding extent which sexual influences expression. We investigate evolution subsequent sex loss by contrasting patterns asexual in pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Although this produce a small number autumn, mating opportunities are limited geographic isolation lineages. Therefore, parthenogenetic females is no longer constrained that other morphs. found from tended towards female optimum, agreement with theoretical predictions. Surprisingly, overexpressed normally ovaries testes These changes relaxation selection or dysregulation networks otherwise used

Язык: Английский

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Estrogen receptor α suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by restricting M2 macrophage infiltration through the YAP-CCL2 axis

BMC Cancer, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Март 27, 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with significant differences in incidence and outcomes between men women. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression associated sex-based poor prognostic HCC. However, detailed function ERα tumor microenvironment HCC remains unclear. Bioinformatics analysis differentially expressed genes samples was performed from publicly available databases, selected. The examined cell experiments. A co-culture system built to study ERα-treated liver cells on macrophages vitro. precise mechanism determined using quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter assay. played an important role pathogenesis sexual dimorphism mainly acted (TME) reduced M2 macrophage infiltration through CCL2. By acting NF2 14-3-3theta, enhanced YAP phosphorylation attenuated nuclear translocation YAP, thereby suppressing CCL2 expression. It also as a transcription factor that regulated at transcriptional level. ERα/YAP/CCL2 signaling inhibit progression, revealing effect cancer immune microenvironment.

Язык: Английский

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Fast evolutionary turnover and overlapping variances of sex-biased gene expression patterns defy a simple binary classification of sexes

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

The phenotypic differences between the sexes are generated by genes with sex-biased expression. These range from a few major regulators to large numbers of organ-specific effector in sexually mature individuals. We explore variation and evolutionary patterns these dataset natural populations sub-species species mice across an distance two million years. Within short phylogenetic distances, we find faster turnover gene expression compared non-sex-biased adaptive protein evolution for that given taxon. show occur only subset co-expression modules each organ taxa occurs often within main modules. Given our is first animals was combined population genetic context, were interested study within-group variances somatic gonadal tissues their turnover. To visualize individual variances, have developed index (SBI) represents cumulative all organ. SBI distributions can close binary overlapping sexes. They do not correlate organs same individuals, thus supporting mosaic model sex-determination Comparison data humans shows fewer strongly conclude subject fast evolution, no long-term stability male or female characteristics.

Язык: Английский

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Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates protein sequences driven by positive selection and relaxed purifying in animals. Although rapid sequence sex-biased forces have been investigated animals brown algae, less is known about dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared expression between female floral buds flowers at anthesis Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). buds, gene was pervasive, had significantly different roles dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher for male-biased to female-biased unbiased genes. Male-biased under were mainly associated functions abiotic stress immune responses, suggesting that high are adaptive evolution. Additionally, may contribute accelerated generated duplication. Our findings, first time angiosperms, suggest evident advance our understanding patterns driving plants.

Язык: Английский

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