Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS‐CoV‐2: Concerns, challenges, and recent updates

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 94(6), С. 2336 - 2342

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022

Highlights Omicron has shown immune escape from neutralizing antibodies generated through previous infection or vaccination. It could evade the protection provided by mAbs being used in clinics for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. Booster dose is recommended to elevate protective levels of COVID‐19 vaccinated individuals. The development powerful oral antiviral drugs such as Molnupiravir and Paxlovid have promising clinical results raised new hopes treatment. High efforts are made develop highly efficacious vaccines, implementing appropriate prevention control strategies counter Omicron.

Язык: Английский

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Urgency and necessity of Epstein-Barr virus prophylactic vaccines

npj Vaccines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2022

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a γ-herpesvirus, is the first identified oncogenic virus, which establishes permanent infection in humans. EBV causes infectious mononucleosis and also tightly linked to many malignant diseases. Various vaccine formulations underwent testing different animals or However, none of them was able prevent no has been approved date. Current efforts focus on antigen selection, combination, design improve efficacy vaccines. glycoproteins such as gH/gL, gp42, gB show excellent immunogenicity preclinical studies compared previously favored gp350 antigen. Combinations multiple proteins various designs become more attractive approaches considering complex life cycle complicated mechanisms EBV. Besides, rationally designed vaccines virus-like particles (VLPs) protein scaffold-based elicited potent immune responses than soluble antigens. In addition, humanized mice, rabbits, well nonhuman primates that can be infected by significantly aid development. Innovative approaches, including polymer-based nanoparticles, development effective adjuvants, antibody-guided design, will further enhance candidates. this review, we summarize (i) disease burden caused necessity developing an vaccine; (ii) previous available animal models; (iii) future trends vaccines, activation cellular responses, novel immunogen heterologous prime-boost approach, induction mucosal immunity, application nanoparticle delivery system, modern adjuvant

Язык: Английский

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Challenges of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant and Its Lineages: A Global Perspective

ChemBioChem, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(9)

Опубликована: Март 23, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has shown increased ability to mutate over the past two years, especially in regions of spike protein and receptor binding sites. Omicron (B.1.1.529) is fifth variant concern (VOC) after emergence Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta VOCs SARS-CoV-2. This new now circulated 128 countries according Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), these have shared 650,657 genome sequences as 26 January, 2022. In this article, we highlight real challenges its different lineages.

Язык: Английский

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Antibody Response of Combination of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac Platforms of COVID-19 Vaccines against Omicron Variant

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(2), С. 160 - 160

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022

By vaccinating SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals who have already received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines, we aimed to investigate whether a heterologous prime-boost strategy, using vaccines different platforms as the booster dose, can enhance immune response against virus variants. Participants were assigned into four groups, each receiving combination vaccinations: BNT162b2 followed by one dose (B-B-B); Combination (first dose) and CoronaVac (second (B-C-B); (C-C-C); (C-C-B). The neutralizing antibody in sera was determined with live microneutralization assay (vMN). B-B-B group C-C-B demonstrated significantly higher immunogenicity Wild type (WT), Beta variant (BV) Delta (DV). In addition, showed reduced but existing protection Omicron (OV). Moreover, A persistent rise vMN titre OV observed 3 days after dose. Regarding safety, vaccine strategy is well tolerated. this study, it that variants, offering potent activity wild-type (BV), (DV) some mRNA results more than inactivated regardless which platform used for prime doses.

Язык: Английский

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The Future of Epidemic and Pandemic Vaccines to Serve Global Public Health Needs

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(3), С. 690 - 690

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

This Review initiates a wide-ranging discussion over 2023 by selecting and exploring core themes to be investigated more deeply in papers submitted the Vaccines Special Issue on “Future of Epidemic Pandemic Serve Global Public Health Needs”. To tackle SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, an acceleration vaccine development across different technology platforms resulted emergency use authorization multiple vaccines less than year. Despite this record speed, many limitations surfaced including unequal access products technologies, regulatory hurdles, restrictions flow intellectual property needed develop manufacture vaccines, clinical trials challenges, that did not curtail or prevent transmission, unsustainable strategies for dealing with variants, distorted allocation funding favour dominant companies affluent countries. Key future epidemic pandemic responses will sustainable, global-public-health-driven manufacturing based equitable platform decentralised localised innovation, developers manufacturers, especially low- middle-income countries (LMICs). There is talk flexible, modular preparedness, pools non-exclusive global licensing agreements exchange fair compensation, WHO-supported transfer hubs spokes, creation prototypes ready phase I/II trials, etc. However, all these concepts face extraordinary challenges shaped current commercial incentives, unwillingness pharmaceutical governments share know-how, precariousness building capacity solely COVID-19 focus large-scale rather small-scale rapid-response innovation stop outbreaks when where they occur, inability resource-limited afford next-generation their national programmes. Once high subsidies are gone interest has waned, sustaining capability interpandemic periods require capabilities regions world just “pandemic vaccines”. philanthropic investments need leverage enforceable commitments critical so everywhere can establish scale up capability. only happen if we question prior assumptions learn lessons offered pandemic. We invite submissions special issue, which hope help guide towards research, development, ecosystem better balances integrates scientific, trial, regulatory, interests puts public health needs first.

Язык: Английский

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Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and its subvariants and lineages may lead to another COVID-19 wave in the world? -An overview of current evidence and counteracting strategies

International Journal of Surgery Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 55, С. 100625 - 100625

Опубликована: Май 18, 2023

The highly contagious Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is a recent cause concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) has classified variants into (VOCs), interest (VOIs), and under monitoring (VUMs). VOCs were categorized as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2). (B.1.1.529) was further modified strain that short incubation period; it called VOC by WHO, became fifth on list variants. spread faster than any other since its emergence in late 2021. currently only circulating VOC. various subvariants are BA.1 (B.1.1.529.1), BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2), BA.3 (B.1.1.529.3), BA.4, BA.5, descendent lineages. More recently, identified sublineages BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, XBB.1, BF.7 have also attracted global attention. BA.5 most dominant subvariant globally. Recent spikes cases China due to subvariant. With large increase number cases, there been an hospitalisations countries worldwide. In many countries, lifting infection prevention protocols, such use masks physical distancing, contributes virus. This article highlights potential impacts subvariants, which made pandemic far from over. Effective vaccination remains safest option kerb transmission these Therefore, people must be vaccinated, wear masks, perform regular hand hygiene, observe social distancing. Additionally, genome sequencing positive samples can help detect virus variants; thus, mapping particular area performed.

Язык: Английский

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Need of booster vaccine doses to counteract the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the context of the Omicron variant and increasing COVID-19 cases: An update

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(5)

Опубликована: Май 20, 2022

The emergence of different variants SARS-CoV-2, including the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant in November 2021, has resulted a continuous major health concern at global scale. Presently, spread very rapidly worldwide within short time period. As most mutated instilled serious uncertainties on effectiveness humoral adaptive immunity generated by COVID-19 vaccination or an active viral infection as well protection provided antibody-based immunotherapies. Amidst such high public concerns, need to carry out booster been emphasized. Current evidence reveals importance incorporating using several vaccine platforms, vector- and mRNA-based vaccines, other platforms that are under explorative investigations. Further research is being conducted assess durability against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Язык: Английский

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Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 spike protein booster elicits durable and broad antibody responses against the receptor-binding domain

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

Abstract The immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines has not been well studied when compared to different vaccine modalities in the context additional boosters. Here we show that longitudinal analysis reveals more sustained SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD)-binding IgG titers with breadth antigenically distinct variants by S-268019-b protein booster BNT162b2 homologous booster. durability and RBD-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding inhibitory antibodies are pronounced group without systemic adverse events (AEs) after booster, leading elevated neutralizing activities against Omicron BA.1 BA.5 stratified group. In contrast, elicited N-terminal proportion AE scores. High-dimensional immune profiling identifies early CD16 + natural killer cell dynamics CCR3 upregulation, as one correlates for anti-RBD antibody responses Our results illustrate combinational effects heterologous on recalled emerging virus variants.

Язык: Английский

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The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19

mSystems, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(2)

Опубликована: Март 2, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused untold damage globally, presenting unusual demands on but also unique opportunities for vaccine development. development, production, and distribution of vaccines are imperative to saving lives, preventing severe illness, reducing the economic social burdens by COVID-19 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Real-World Effectiveness of Mix-and-Match Vaccine Regimens against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Thailand: A Nationwide Test-Negative Matched Case-Control Study

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(7), С. 1080 - 1080

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022

The objective of this study is to explore the real-world effectiveness various vaccine regimens tackle epidemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant in Thailand during September-December 2021. We applied a test-negative case control study, using nationwide records people tested for SARS-CoV-2. Each was matched with two controls respect age, detection date, and specimen collection site. A conditional logistic regression performed. Results were presented form (VE) 95% confidence interval. total 1,460,458 observations analyzed. Overall, two-dose heterologous prime-boost, ChAdOx1 + BNT162b2 CoronaVac BNT162b2, manifested largest protection level (79.9% (74.0-84.5%) 74.7% (62.8-82.8%)) remained stable over whole course. three-dose schedules (CoronaVac ChAdOx1, BNT162b2) expressed very high degree VE estimate (above 80.0% at any time interval). Concerning infection, almost all displayed estimate. For schedules, prime-boost seemed have slightly better infection relative homologous regimens. Campaigns expedite rollout third-dose booster shot should be carried out. Heterologous considered as an option enhance entire population.

Язык: Английский

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