Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 17(3), С. 181 - 192

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2018

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East (MERS-CoV) are two highly transmissible pathogenic viruses that emerged in humans at the beginning of 21st century. Both likely originated bats, genetically diverse coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV MERS-CoV were discovered bats worldwide. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge on origin evolution these discuss their receptor usage; also highlight diversity potential spillover bat-borne coronaviruses, as evidenced by recent swine diarrhoea (SADS-CoV) pigs.

Язык: Английский

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Middle East respiratory syndrome

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 386(9997), С. 995 - 1007

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2015

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a highly lethal disease caused by novel single-stranded, positive-sense RNA betacoronavirus (MERS-CoV). Dromedary camels, hosts for MERS-CoV, are implicated in direct or indirect transmission to human beings, although the exact mode of unknown. The virus was first isolated from patient who died severe illness June, 2012, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. As May 31, 2015, 1180 laboratory-confirmed cases (483 deaths; 40% mortality) have been reported WHO. Both community-acquired and hospital-acquired with little human-to-human community. Although most MERS occurred Arabia United Arab Emirates, Europe, USA, Asia people travelled their contacts. Clinical features range asymptomatic mild acute distress multiorgan failure resulting death, especially individuals underlying comorbidities. No specific drug treatment exists infection prevention control measures crucial prevent spread health-care facilities. MERS-CoV continues be an endemic, low-level public health threat. However, could mutate increased interhuman transmissibility, increasing its pandemic potential.

Язык: Английский

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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: Another Zoonotic Betacoronavirus Causing SARS-Like Disease

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 28(2), С. 465 - 522

Опубликована: Март 26, 2015

The source of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic was traced to wildlife market civets and ultimately bats. Subsequent hunting for novel coronaviruses (CoVs) led discovery two additional human over 40 animal CoVs, including prototype lineage C betacoronaviruses, Tylonycteris bat CoV HKU4 Pipistrellus HKU5; these are phylogenetically closely related Middle East (MERS) CoV, which has affected more than 1,000 patients with 35% fatality since its emergence in 2012. All primary cases MERS epidemiologically linked East. Some had contacted camels shed virus and/or positive serology. Most secondary health care-associated clusters. disease is especially elderly men comorbidities. Clinical severity may be MERS-CoV's ability infect a broad range cells DPP4 expression, evade host innate immune response, induce cytokine dysregulation. Reverse transcription-PCR on extrapulmonary specimens rapidly establishes diagnosis. Supportive treatment extracorporeal membrane oxygenation dialysis often required organ failure. Antivirals potent vitro activities include neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, antiviral peptides, interferons, mycophenolic acid, lopinavir. They should evaluated suitable models before clinical trials. Developing an effective camel MERS-CoV vaccine implementing appropriate infection control measures continuing epidemic.

Язык: Английский

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Continuous and Discontinuous RNA Synthesis in Coronaviruses

Annual Review of Virology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 2(1), С. 265 - 288

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2015

Replication of the coronavirus genome requires continuous RNA synthesis, whereas transcription is a discontinuous process unique among viruses. Transcription includes template switch during synthesis subgenomic negative-strand RNAs to add copy leader sequence. Coronavirus regulated by multiple factors, including extent base-pairing between transcription-regulating sequences positive and negative polarity, viral cell protein–RNA binding, high-order RNA-RNA interactions. performed replication-transcription complex that proteins recognize cis-acting elements mainly located in highly structured 5′ 3′ untranslated regions. In addition many nonstructural proteins, presence nuclear nucleocapsid protein increases virus amplification efficacy. connected with formation double-membrane vesicles convoluted membranes. Coronaviruses encode proofreading machinery, world, ensure maintenance their large size.

Язык: Английский

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Human Coronaviruses: A Review of Virus–Host Interactions

Diseases, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 4(3), С. 26 - 26

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2016

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are known respiratory pathogens associated with a range of outcomes. In the past 14 years, onset severe acute syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East (MERS-CoV) have thrust HCoVs into spotlight research community due to their high pathogenicity in humans. The study HCoV-host interactions has contributed extensively our understanding HCoV pathogenesis. this review, we discuss some recent findings host cell factors that might be exploited by facilitate own replication cycle. We also various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, innate immunity, ER stress response, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) may modulated HCoVs.

Язык: Английский

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Host Factors in Coronavirus Replication

Current topics in microbiology and immunology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 42

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Accessory proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses

Antiviral Research, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 109, С. 97 - 109

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2014

Язык: Английский

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Coronavirus nonstructural protein 15 mediates evasion of dsRNA sensors and limits apoptosis in macrophages

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 114(21)

Опубликована: Май 8, 2017

Significance Macrophages are immune cells equipped with multiple double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensors designed to detect viral infection and amplify innate antiviral immunity. However, many coronaviruses can infect propagate in macrophages without activating dsRNA sensors. Here we present a function of murine coronavirus nonstructural protein 15 preventing detection by host We show that expressing mutant form allow for activation sensors, resulting an early induction interferon, rapid apoptosis macrophages, protective response mice. Identifying the strategies used viruses evade provides us new approaches generating vaccines elicit robust responses

Язык: Английский

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Molecular pathology of emerging coronavirus infections

The Journal of Pathology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 235(2), С. 185 - 195

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2014

Respiratory viruses can cause a wide spectrum of pulmonary diseases, ranging from mild, upper respiratory tract infections to severe and life-threatening lower infections, including the development acute lung injury (ALI) distress syndrome (ARDS). Viral clearance subsequent recovery infection require activation an effective host immune response; however, many effector cells may also tissues. Severe (SARS) coronavirus Middle East (MERS) tract, with 10% 35% overall mortality rates, respectively; >50% rates are seen in aged immunosuppressed populations. While these susceptible interferon treatment vitro, they both encode numerous genes that allow for successful evasion system until after high virus titres have been achieved. In this review, we discuss importance innate response pathology following human infection.

Язык: Английский

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Interaction of SARS and MERS Coronaviruses with the Antiviral Interferon Response

Advances in virus research, Год журнала: 2016, Номер unknown, С. 219 - 243

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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