NMDA Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression (LTP/LTD)

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 4(6), С. a005710 - a005710

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2012

Long-term potentiation and long-term depression (LTP/LTD) can be elicited by activating N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors, typically the coincident activity of pre- postsynaptic neurons. The early phases expression are mediated a redistribution AMPA-type receptors: More receptors added to potentiate synapse or removed weaken synapses. With time, structural changes become apparent, which in general require synthesis new proteins. investigation molecular cellular mechanisms underlying these forms synaptic plasticity has received much attention, because NMDA receptor-dependent LTP LTD may constitute substrates learning memory.

Язык: Английский

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AMPARs and Synaptic Plasticity: The Last 25 Years

Neuron, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 80(3), С. 704 - 717

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2013

Язык: Английский

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Role of Glutamate and NMDA Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 57(4), С. 1041 - 1048

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2016

Excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission via N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is critical for synaptic plasticity and survival of neurons. However, excessive NMDAR activity causes excitotoxicity promotes cell death, underlying a potential mechanism neurodegeneration occurred in Alzhei mer's disease (AD). Studies indicate that the distinct outcomes NMDAR-mediated responses are induced by regionalized activities, followed different downstream signaling pathways. The activation NMDARs initiates stimulates survival. In contrast, extrasynaptic death thus contributes to etiology AD, which can be blocked an AD drug, memantine, antagonist selectively blocks function NMDARs.

Язык: Английский

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Activity-dependent neuronal signalling and autism spectrum disorder

Nature, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 493(7432), С. 327 - 337

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2013

Язык: Английский

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Norepinephrine ignites local hotspots of neuronal excitation: How arousal amplifies selectivity in perception and memory

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 39

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2015

Abstract Emotional arousal enhances perception and memory of high-priority information but impairs processing other information. Here, we propose that, under arousal, local glutamate levels signal the current strength a representation interact with norepinephrine (NE) to enhance high priority representations out-compete or suppress lower representations. In our "glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects" (GANE) model, at site prioritized increases NE release from locus coeruleus (LC) generate “NE hotspots.” At these hotspots, are mutually enhancing amplify activation contrast, arousal-induced LC activity inhibits less active via two mechanisms: 1) Where there lateral inhibition is amplified; 2) no hotspots emerge, only enough activate low-threshold inhibitory adrenoreceptors. Thus, promotes few excitation in context widespread suppression, while suppressing rest. Hotspots also help synchronize oscillations across neural ensembles transmitting Furthermore, brain structures that detect stimulus phasic preferentially route such through large-scale functional networks. A surge before, during, after encoding synaptic plasticity triggering protein synthesis processes selective consolidation. Together, mechanisms promote attention arousal. GANE not reconciles apparently contradictory findings emotion-cognition literature extends previous influential theories neuromodulation by proposing specific for how LC-NE gain.

Язык: Английский

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Synaptic Plasticity Forms and Functions

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 43(1), С. 95 - 117

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2020

Synaptic plasticity, the activity-dependent change in neuronal connection strength, has long been considered an important component of learning and memory. Computational engineering work corroborate power through directed adjustment weights. Here we review fundamental elements four broadly categorized forms synaptic plasticity discuss their functional capabilities limitations. Although standard, correlation-based, Hebbian primary focus neuroscientists for decades, it is inherently limited. Three-factor rules supplement with neuromodulation eligibility traces, while true supervised types go even further by adding objectives instructive signals. Finally, a recently discovered hippocampal form combines above elements, leaving behind requirement. We suggest that effort to determine neural basis adaptive behavior could benefit from renewed experimental theoretical investigation more powerful plasticity.

Язык: Английский

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The Postsynaptic Organization of Synapses

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 3(12), С. a005678 - a005678

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2011

Morgan Sheng1 and Eunjoon Kim2 The Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Incorporated, San Francisco, California 94080 Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute Science Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Correspondence: kime{at}kaist.ac.kr

Язык: Английский

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Neuromodulation of Thought: Flexibilities and Vulnerabilities in Prefrontal Cortical Network Synapses

Neuron, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 76(1), С. 223 - 239

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2012

Язык: Английский

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Synapses and Memory Storage

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 4(6), С. a005751 - a005751

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2012

The synapse is the functional unit of brain. During last several decades we have acquired a great deal information on its structure, molecular components, and physiological function. It clear that synapses are morphologically molecularly diverse this diversity recruited to different functions. One most intriguing findings size synaptic response in not invariant, but can be altered by variety homo- heterosynaptic factors such as past patterns use or modulatory neurotransmitters. Perhaps difficult challenge neuroscience design experiments reveal how these basic building blocks brain put together they regulated mediate flow through neural circuits necessary produce complex behaviors store memories. In review will focus studies attempt uncover role plasticity regulation whole-animal behavior learning memory.

Язык: Английский

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Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels

Pharmacological Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 73(4), С. 1469 - 1658

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2021

Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). These ligand-gated ion channels critical to brain function and centrally implicated numerous psychiatric neurologic disorders. There different classes iGluRs with a variety receptor subtypes each class that play distinct roles neuronal functions. The diversity iGluR subtypes, their unique functional properties roles, has motivated large number studies. Our understanding advanced considerably since first subunit gene was cloned 1989, research focus expanded encompass facets biology have been recently discovered exploit experimental paradigms made possible technological advances. Here, we review insights from more than 3 decades studies an emphasis on progress occurred past decade. We cover structure, function, pharmacology, neurophysiology, therapeutic implications for all assembled subunits encoded 18 genes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Glutamate important virtually aspects either involved mediating some clinical features neurological disease or represent target treatment. Therefore, pharmacology this will advance our many at molecular, cellular, system levels provide new opportunities treat patients.

Язык: Английский

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