Epigenetic Regulation in Plants

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 6(12), С. a019315 - a019315

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2014

Craig S. Pikaard1 and Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid2 1Department of Biology, Department Molecular Cellular Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405 2Gregor Mendel-Institute Plant Austrian Academy Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria Correspondence: ortrun.mittelsten_scheid{at}gmi.oeaw.ac.at

Язык: Английский

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A short guide to histone deacetylases including recent progress on class II enzymes

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 52(2), С. 204 - 212

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2020

Abstract The interaction between histones and DNA is important for eukaryotic gene expression. A loose caused, example, by the neutralization of a positive charge on histone surface acetylation, induces less compact chromatin structure, resulting in feasible accessibility RNA polymerase increased In contrast, formation tight structure due to deacetylation lysine residues deacetylases enforces DNA, which minimizes chance polymerases contacting decreased Therefore, balance acetylation mediated acetylases (HATs) (HDACs) an issue transcription that has long been studied relation posttranslational modification. this review, current knowledge HDACs briefly described with emphasis recent progress research HDACs, especially class IIa HDACs.

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic Therapeutics: A New Weapon in the War Against Cancer

Annual Review of Medicine, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 67(1), С. 73 - 89

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2016

The past 15 years have seen an explosion of discoveries related to the cellular regulation phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms. This provides a software that packages DNA, without changing primary base sequence, establish heritable patterns gene expression. In cancer, many aspects epigenome, controlled by DNA methylation, chromatin, and nucleosome positioning, are altered as one means which tumor cells maintain abnormal states self-renewal at expense normal maturation. Epigenetic genetic abnormalities thus collaborate in cancer initiation progression, exemplified frequent mutations genes encoding proteins control epigenome. There is growing emphasis on using therapies reprogram neoplastic toward state. Many agents targeting under development entering clinical trials. review highlights promise therapy, often combination with other therapies, will become potent tool for management over next decade.

Язык: Английский

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Overview of Histone Modification

Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Lysine Acetylation Goes Global: From Epigenetics to Metabolism and Therapeutics

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 118(3), С. 1216 - 1252

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2018

Post-translational acetylation of lysine residues has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in all eukaryotic organisms. Originally discovered 1963 unique modification histones, marks are now found on thousands nonhistone proteins located virtually every cellular compartment. Here we summarize findings the field protein over past 20 years with focus recent discoveries nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial compartments. Collectively, these have elevated major post-translational modification, underscoring its physiological relevance gene regulation, cell signaling, metabolism, disease.

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondria and Epigenetics – Crosstalk in Homeostasis and Stress

Trends in Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 27(6), С. 453 - 463

Опубликована: Март 6, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Recent developments of HDAC inhibitors: Emerging indications and novel molecules

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 87(12), С. 4577 - 4597

Опубликована: Май 10, 2021

The histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, a class of epigenetic regulators, are historically well established as attractive therapeutic targets. During investigation trends within clinical trials, we have identified high number trials involving HDAC inhibitors, prompting us to further evaluate the current status this agents. In total, 32 agents with HDAC-inhibiting properties, which 29 were found interact enzymes their primary target. review, provide an overview drug development highlighting recent advances and analysis specific and, where applicable, chemical structures. We haematologic neoplasms continue represent majority indications for drugs; however, it is clear that there ongoing trend towards diversification. Therapies non-oncology including HIV infection, muscular dystrophies, inflammatory diseases neurodegenerative such Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia Friedreich's ataxia achieving promising progress. Combinatory regimens proving be useful improve responsiveness among FDA-approved agents; often results in increased treatment-related toxicities. This suggests indication field broadening through while several fields preclinical also promising.

Язык: Английский

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Post-translational regulation of ubiquitin signaling

The Journal of Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 218(6), С. 1776 - 1786

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2019

Ubiquitination regulates many essential cellular processes in eukaryotes. This post-translational modification (PTM) is typically achieved by E1, E2, and E3 enzymes that sequentially catalyze activation, conjugation, ligation reactions, respectively, leading to covalent attachment of ubiquitin, usually lysine residues substrate proteins. Ubiquitin can also be successively linked one the seven on ubiquitin form distinctive forms polyubiquitin chains, which, depending upon used length dictate fate Recent discoveries revealed this code further expanded PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation, deamidation, ADP-ribosylation, components ubiquitination machinery, or both. These provide additional regulatory nodes integrate development insulting signals with homeostasis. Understanding precise roles these regulation signaling will new insights into mechanisms treatment various human diseases ubiquitination, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, infection, immune disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma - a comprehensive review

Cancer Drug Resistance, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has an exceedingly low median overall survival of only 15 months. Current standard-of-care for GBM consists gross total surgical resection followed by radiation with concurrent adjuvant chemotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) first-choice chemotherapeutic agent GBM; however, development resistance to TMZ often becomes limiting factor effective treatment. While O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase repair activity uniquely resistant populations glioma stem cells are well-known contributors resistance, many other molecular mechanisms have come light recent years. Key emerging include involvement DNA systems, aberrant signaling pathways, autophagy, epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, extracellular vesicle production. This review aims provide a comprehensive overview clinically relevant their extensive interconnections better inform efforts combat resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Histone Deacetylases (HDACs): Evolution, Specificity, Role in Transcriptional Complexes, and Pharmacological Actionability

Genes, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(5), С. 556 - 556

Опубликована: Май 15, 2020

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are evolutionary conserved enzymes which operate by removing acetyl groups from histones and other protein regulatory factors, with functional consequences on chromatin remodeling gene expression profiles. We provide here a review the recent knowledge accrued zinc-dependent HDAC family across different species, tissues, human pathologies, specifically focusing role of inhibitors as anti-cancer agents. will investigate chemical specificity HDACs discuss their in interactome members chromatin-binding complexes.

Язык: Английский

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