Selection of appropriate biomatrices for studies of chronic stress in animals: a review

Journal of Animal Science and Technology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 64(4), С. 621 - 639

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

Cortisol and corticosterone, hormones traditionally considered biomarkers of stress, can be measured in fluid biomatrices (e.g., blood, saliva) from live animals to evaluate conditions at sampling time, or solid hair, feather) dead obtain information regarding long-term changes. Using these physiological stress responses domestic may challenging due the diverse characteristics for potential measurement. Ideally, a single measurement biomatrix should sufficient evaluating chronic stress. The availability appropriate cost-effective immunoassay methods detecting also considered. This review discusses strengths limitations different with regard ensuring highest possible reliability evaluation. Overall, require less frequent than other biomatrices, resulting greater time- cost-effectiveness, ease use, fewer errors. multiplex used analyze interactions correlations between cortisol same biomatrix. In light lack measuring this help investigators set experimental design biological research.

Язык: Английский

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Zoo Animal Welfare Assessment: Where Do We Stand?

Animals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(12), С. 1966 - 1966

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2023

Zoological institutions, such as zoos and aquariums, have made animal welfare a top priority, it is not only moral obligation but also crucial for fulfilling their roles in education conservation. There need science-based tools to assess monitor these settings. However, assessing the of zoo animals challenging due diversity species lack knowledge on specific needs. This review aims discuss advantages disadvantages existing methodologies through: (1) A critical analysis main approaches assessment; (2) description most relevant animal-based indicators with particular focus behavioural physiological indicators; (3) An identification areas that require further research.

Язык: Английский

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Global Overview of Environmental Enrichment Studies: What Has Been Done and Future Directions

Animals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(11), С. 1613 - 1613

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

(1) Background: Environmental enrichment (EE) is a management principle aimed at meeting the needs of animals under human care by identifying and providing essential environmental stimuli to contribute integrity their psychological physiological well-being. Studies on EE have been carried out worldwide, but consolidated information how it has used, who used for, evaluated, what gaps still exist in subject scarce scientific literature. This study assessed, employing systematic review, global scenario research into kept over last 17 years, answering above-mentioned questions. (2) Methods: A search for papers was Web Science Scopus databases from January 2005 December 2021, resulting 2002 articles which extracted. (3) Results: Results showed an increase number published EE, especially farms, studies laboratory environments continue be more frequent. Mammals birds are most studied animal groups. Cognitive least utilised researchers. The publications researchers countries southern hemisphere low. (4) Conclusions: Although technique being widely focused certain groups captive mainly northern planet. Therefore, pointed here need filled future studies.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic disruptions and impaired reproductive fitness in wild-caught freshwater turtles (Emydura macquarii macquarii) exposed to elevated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 926, С. 171743 - 171743

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose a threat to organisms ecosystems due their persistent nature. Ecotoxicology endpoints used in regulatory guidelines may not reflect multiple, low-level but stressors. This study examines the biological effects of PFAS on Eastern short-necked turtles Queensland, Australia. In this study, blood samples were collected analysed for PFAS, hormone levels, functional omics endpoints. High levels found at impacted site, with PFOS being dominant constituent. The profiles males females differed, having higher concentrations. Hormone concentrations differed between reference sites male turtles, elevated testosterone corticosterone indicative stress. Further, energy utilisation, nucleotide synthesis, nitrogen metabolism, amino acid synthesis altered both female from PFAS-impacted sites. Both sexes show similar metabolic responses environmental stressors PFAS-contaminated which adversely affect reproductive fitness. Purine caffeine ferroptosis pathway changes can cause gout, cell death, overall health problems. showed that prolonged exposure wild could compromise turtle fitness by disrupting steroids pathways.

Язык: Английский

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Capturing wild animal welfare: a physiological perspective

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 99(1), С. 1 - 22

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2023

ABSTRACT Affective states, such as emotions, are presumably widespread across the animal kingdom because of adaptive advantages they supposed to confer. However, study affective states animals has thus far been largely restricted enhancing welfare managed by humans in non‐natural contexts. Given diversity wild and variable conditions can experience, extending studies on natural that most experience will allow us broaden deepen our general understanding welfare. Yet, this same makes examining highly challenging. There is therefore a need for unifying theoretical frameworks methodological approaches guide researchers keen engage promising research area. The aim article help advance important area highlighting central relationship between physiology rectify its apparent oversight, revealed current scientific literature animals. Moreover, emphasises including physiological markers assess (e.g. objectivity, comparability, condition range, temporality), well their concomitant limitations only access peripheral with complex relationships states). Best‐practice recommendations replication multifactorial approaches) also provided be used effectively appropriately when assessing habitat. This review seeks provide foundation new distinct vast applied potential: physiology.

Язык: Английский

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Water availability and plant–herbivore interactions

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 74(9), С. 2811 - 2828

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2022

Water is essential to plant growth and drives evolution interactions with other organisms such as herbivores. However, water availability fluctuates, these fluctuations are intensified by climate change. How influences plant-herbivore in the future an important question basic applied ecology. Here we summarize synthesize recent discoveries on impact of antiherbivore defense ecology underlying physiological processes. deficit tends enhance resistance escape traits (i.e. early phenology) against herbivory but negatively affects strategies, including indirect tolerance. exceptions sometimes observed specific species pairs. We discuss effect associated plants herbivores from individual community levels how drive evolution. Although stress many abiotic stresses predicted increase intensity frequency due change, identify a significant lack study interactive additional stressors water-plant-herbivore interactions. This review summarizes critical knowledge gaps informs possible research directions

Язык: Английский

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Telomeres and anthropogenic disturbances in wildlife: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 31(23), С. 6018 - 6039

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2022

Abstract Human‐driven environmental changes are affecting wildlife across the globe. These challenges do not influence species or populations to same extent and therefore a comprehensive evaluation of organismal health is needed determine their ultimate impact. Evidence suggests that telomeres (the terminal chromosomal regions) sensitive conditions have been posited as surrogate for animal fitness. Evaluation use in an applied ecological context still scarce. Here, using information from molecular occupational biomedical studies, we aim provide ecologists evolutionary biologists with accessible synthesis links between human disturbances telomere length. In addition, perform systematic review meta‐analysis on studies measuring length wild/wild‐derived animals facing anthropogenic disturbances. Despite relatively small number date, our revealed significant negative association (−0.092 [−0.153, −0.031]; n = 28; k 159). Yet, biomarker understand impact limited. We propose some research avenues will help broadly evaluate suitability: (i) further causal link telomeres; (ii) investigating implications, terms fitness performance, given anthropogenically disturbed scenarios; (iii) better understanding underlying mechanisms dynamics. Future these facets ultimately role markers

Язык: Английский

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Conserved and convergent mechanisms underlying performance–life-history trade-offs

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 225(Suppl_1)

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022

Phenotypic trade-offs are inevitable in nature, but the mechanisms driving them poorly understood. Movement and oxygen essential to all animals, as such, common ancestor living animals passed on acquire contract muscle, sometimes at expense of other activities or expression traits. Nevertheless, convergent pathways have also evolved deal with critical that necessary survive ubiquitous environmental challenges. We discuss how whole-animal performance traits, such locomotion, important fitness, yet costly, resulting aspects phenotype via specific conserved mechanistic across animals. Specifically, we involved muscle structure signaling, insulin/insulin-like sirtuins, mitochondria hypoxia-inducible factors, well energy regulation, development, reproductive investment storage. The details these only known from a few model systems, more comparative studies needed. make two main recommendations framework for future animal form function. First, should consider broader life-history context organism, vice versa, can require large portion acquired resources. Second, life histories measure do so meaningful standardized ways. Understanding proximate phenotypic will not better explain phenotypes organisms study, allow predictions about variation evolutionary scale.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic integration of behavioural and endocrine components of the stress response

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2022

The vertebrate stress response comprises a suite of behavioural and physiological traits that must be functionally integrated to ensure organisms cope adaptively with acute stressors. Natural selection should favour functional integration, leading prediction genetic integration these traits. Despite the implications such for our understanding human animal health, as well evolutionary responses natural anthropogenic stressors, formal quantitative tests this are lacking. Here, we demonstrate components in Trinidadian guppies both heritable on major axis covariation. This could either facilitate or constrain selection, depending upon alignment axis. Such also suggests artificial genetically correlated offer viable non-invasive route improvement health welfare captive populations.

Язык: Английский

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How social behaviour and life-history traits change with age and in the year prior to death in female yellow-bellied marmots

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 376(1823), С. 20190745 - 20190745

Опубликована: Март 8, 2021

Studies in natural populations are essential to understand the evolutionary ecology of senescence and terminal allocation. While there an increasing number studies investigating late-life variation different life-history traits wild populations, little is known about these patterns social behaviour. We used long-term individual based data on yellow-bellied marmots ( Marmota flaviventer ) quantify how affiliative behaviours vary with age last year life, compare between two. found that some all varied age, whereas life effects were only observed traits. Our results imply do not act as a mechanism adjust allocation among when close death, highlight importance adopting integrative approach, studying across multiple traits, allow identification potential trade-offs. This article part theme issue ‘Ageing sociality: why, does sociality change ageing patterns?’

Язык: Английский

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