Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 546, С. 111572 - 111572

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022

The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years. Understanding relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites it produces, and brain will be critical for subsequent development new therapeutic approaches, including identification novel psychobiotics. A key focus this regard have been short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation dietary fibre, which include butyrate, acetate, propionate. Ongoing research is focused on entry SCFAs into systemic circulation from lumen, their migration cerebral across blood barrier, potential exert acute chronic effects structure function. This review aims discuss our current mechanistic understanding direct indirect influence that function, behaviour physiology, inform future microbiota-targeted interventions disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(30), С. 4053 - 4060

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2022

The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tracts humans, living in symbiosis with host. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance between beneficial and opportunistic microbiota, associated several gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); inflammatory disease (IBD), represented ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease; colorectal cancer (CRC). Dysbiosis can disrupt mucosal barrier, resulting perpetuation inflammation carcinogenesis. increase some specific groups harmful bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), has been chronic tissue release pro-inflammatory carcinogenic mediators, increasing chance developing CRC, following inflammation-dysplasia-cancer sequence IBD patients. Therefore, aim present review was to analyze correlation changes development maintenance IBD, IBD-associated CRC. Patients CRC have shown reduced bacterial diversity abundance compared healthy individuals, enrichment Firmicute sand Bacteroidetes. Specific bacteria are also onset progression Fusobacterium nucleatum, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gallolyticus, ETBF. Future research evaluate advantages modulating preventive measures high-risk patients, directly affecting prognosis quality life

Язык: Английский

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Kaempferol Alleviates Murine Experimental Colitis by Restoring Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB Axis

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2021

Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is an established characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC). Regulating the gut attractive alternative UC treatment strategy, considering potential adverse effects synthetic drugs used to treat UC. Kaempferol (Kae) anti-inflammatory and antioxidant flavonoid derived from a variety medicinal plants. In this study, we determined efficacy mechanism action Kae as anti-UC agent in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice. DSS challenge mouse model led weight loss, diarrhea accompanied by mucous blood, histological abnormalities, shortening colon, all which were significantly alleviated pretreatment with Kae. addition, intestinal permeability was shown improve using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran administration. DSS-induced destruction barrier also prevented administration via increases levels ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1. Furthermore, decreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α downregulated transcription array inflammatory signaling molecules, while it increased IL-10 mRNA expression. Notably, reshaped microbiome elevating Firmicutes Bacteroidetes ratio; increasing linear discriminant analysis scores beneficial bacteria, such Prevotellaceae Ruminococcaceae; reducing richness Proteobacteria DSS-challenged There evident shift profile fecal metabolites group. Serum LPS downstream TLR4-NF-κB supplementation. Moreover, transplantation Kae-treated mice confirmed on modulating alleviate Therefore, may exert protective against through regulating TLR4-related pathways. This study demonstrates its therapeutic mechanisms, offers novel insights into prevention diseases natural products.

Язык: Английский

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Antibiotic perturbations to the gut microbiome

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(12), С. 772 - 788

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive apnea. The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide, particularly middle-aged and elderly individuals. mechanism upper airway incompletely understood but associated with several factors, including obesity, craniofacial changes, altered muscle function airway, pharyngeal neuropathy, fluid shifts neck. main characteristics are recurrent pauses respiration, lead intermittent hypoxia (IH) hypercapnia, accompanied by blood oxygen desaturation arousal sharply increases risk diseases. This paper first briefly describes epidemiology, incidence, pathophysiological mechanisms OSAS. Next, alterations relevant signaling pathways induced IH systematically reviewed discussed. For example, can induce gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis, impair intestinal barrier, alter metabolites. These ultimately secondary oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, sympathetic activation. We then summarize effects on disease pathogenesis, cardiocerebrovascular disorders, neurological metabolic diseases, cancer, reproductive COVID-19. Finally, different therapeutic strategies for caused causes proposed. Multidisciplinary approaches shared decision-making necessary successful treatment future, more randomized controlled trials needed further evaluation define what treatments best specific patients.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease

MedComm, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(6)

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2023

The gut microbiota and its homeostasis play a crucial role in human health. However, for some diseases related to the microbiota, current traditional medicines can only relieve symptoms, it is difficult solve root causes or even cause side effects like disturbances microbiota. Increasing clinical studies evidences have demonstrated that probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics prevent treat various diseases, but currently they be used as dietary supplements rather than medicines, which restricts application of probiotics field medicine. Here, this review analyzes importance health problems systematically summarizes effectiveness mechanisms maintaining treating based on animal models trials. And research outcomes development trends field, challenges prospects their health, alleviating are analyzed. It hoped promote disease treatment open up new frontiers probiotic research.

Язык: Английский

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Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 294 - 294

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023

Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review most recent research advancements gut microbiota–immune axis. We discuss detail how microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such maternal imprinting, utero intestinal metabolome, weaning reaction. describe shapes both innate adaptive immunity with emphasis on short-chain fatty acids secondary bile acids. also comprehensively delineate disruption axis results immune-mediated diseases, gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diabetes, hypertension), autoimmunity rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity asthma allergies), psychological anxiety), cancer colorectal hepatic). further encompass role fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary polyphenols reshaping therapeutic potential. Continuing, examine modulates therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, JAK anti-TNF therapies. lastly mention current challenges metagenomics, germ-free models, recapitulation to achieve fundamental understanding regulates immunity. Altogether, this proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from perspective microbiome-targeted interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1), С. 8 - 35

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2022

Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health is widely accepted as a preventative therapeutic strategy various diseases. It well-documented that maintains restores homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, cellular, molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations consequently protect against pathological conditions. Here we mainly summarize how affects major hallmarks health, including integrity barriers, containment local perturbations, recycling turnover, integration circuitries, rhythmic oscillations, homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, well repair regeneration. Furthermore, current understanding mechanisms responsible beneficial response exercise. This review aimed providing comprehensive summary vital biological through which opens window application other interventions. We hope continuing investigation this field will further increase our processes involved thus get us closer identification new therapeutics improve quality life.

Язык: Английский

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Interactive Relationships between Intestinal Flora and Bile Acids

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(15), С. 8343 - 8343

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2022

The digestive tract is replete with complex and diverse microbial communities that are important for the regulation of multiple pathophysiological processes in humans animals, particularly those involved maintenance intestinal homeostasis, immunity, inflammation, tumorigenesis. diversity bile acids a result joint efforts host microflora. There bidirectional relationship between community that, while flora tightly modulates metabolism synthesis acids, acid pool composition affect homeostasis flora. Homeostatic imbalances systems may lead to development variety diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). interactions be (in)directly pathogenesis these diseases.

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2023

Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide. Researchers have found that the occurrence development CVDs closely related to intestinal microecology. Imbalances in microecology caused by changes composition microbiota will eventually alter metabolites, thus transforming host physiological state from healthy mode pathological mode. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is produced metabolism dietary choline L-carnitine microbiota, many studies shown this important product inhibits cholesterol metabolism, induces platelet aggregation thrombosis, promotes atherosclerosis. TMAO directly or indirectly involved pathogenesis an risk factor affecting even prognosis CVDs. This review presents biological chemical characteristics TMAO, process gut microbiota. In particular, focuses on summarizing how increase microbial metabolite affects including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, other CVD-related diseases. Understanding mechanism increases potentially facilitate identification targeted therapy for

Язык: Английский

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