Addiction,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
114(9), С. 1593 - 1601
Опубликована: Май 20, 2019
Abstract
Background
and
Aims
Between
2002
2014,
past‐month
marijuana
use
among
pregnant
women
in
the
United
States
increased
62%,
nearly
twice
growth
of
general
population.
This
coincides
with
proliferation
state
medical
laws
(MMLs)
authorizing
physicians
to
recommend
for
approved
conditions.
We
estimated
association
between
MMLs
substance
treatment
utilization
non‐pregnant
reproductive
age.
also
examined
whether
varied
across
MML
provisions,
age
groups
referral
sources
clarify
potential
pathways.
Design
Nation‐wide
administrative
data
from
2002–14
Treatment
Episodes
Data
Set
Admissions,
a
difference‐in‐differences
design
that
exploited
staggered
implementation
compare
changes
outcomes
before
after
non‐MML
states.
Setting
Twenty‐one
27
US
Participants
Pregnant
aged
12–49
admitted
publicly
funded
specialty
facilities.
Measurements
The
primary
outcome
variable
was
number
admissions
per
100
000
12–49,
aggregated
at
state‐year
level
(
n
=
606).
Admissions
marijuana,
alcohol,
cocaine
opioids
were
considered.
independent
an
indicator
state.
Findings
Among
women,
rate
by
4.69
[95%
confidence
interval
(CI)
1.32,
8.06]
states
relative
accompanied
increases
involving
alcohol
(β
3.19;
95%
CI
0.97,
5.410
2.56;
0.34,
4.79),
specific
adults
5.50;
1.52,
9.47)
largest
granting
legal
protection
dispensaries
6.37;
–0.97,
13.70).
There
no
statistically
significant
women.
Conclusions
Medical
law
has
been
associated
greater
adult
especially
legally
protected
dispensaries.
Frontiers in Public Health,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
7
Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2019
Scientific
literature
examining
cannabis
use
in
the
context
of
health
behaviors,
such
as
exercise
engagement,
is
extremely
sparse
and
has
yielded
inconsistent
findings.
This
issue
becoming
increasingly
relevant
legalization
continues,
a
situation
that
been
associated
with
increased
initiation
among
adults,
potency
available
products
legalized
states.
Physical
activity
most
important
but
many
Americans
do
not
meet
minimum
recommendations
for
healthy
living.
Common
issues
surrounding
low
rates
include
inadequate
enjoyment
motivation
to
exercise,
poor
recovery
from
exercise.
It
unclear
whether
shortly
before
and/or
after
impacts
these
issues,
this
co-use
affects
performance.
The
present
online
survey
study
examines
attitudes
behaviors
regarding
adult
users
living
states
full
legal
access
(N
=
605).
Results
indicated
majority
(81.7%)
participants
endorsed
using
concurrently
those
who
did
tended
be
younger
more
likely
males
(p
<
0.0005
both).
Even
controlling
differences,
co-users
reported
engaging
minutes
aerobic
anaerobic
per
week
0.01
p
0.05,
respectively).
In
addition,
before/after
doing
so
enhances
their
approximately
half
it
increases
represents
an
step
clarifying
markets,
provides
guidance
future
research
directions.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
69(9), С. 2591 - 2597
Опубликована: Май 26, 2021
Abstract
Background/objectives
Cannabis
use
among
older
adults
is
increasing
sharply
in
the
United
States.
While
risks
and
benefits
of
cannabis
remain
unclear,
it
important
to
monitor
risk
factors
for
use,
including
low
perception
harm.
The
objective
this
study
was
estimate
recent
national
trends
perceived
associated
with
adults.
Design
Trend
analysis.
Setting/participants
A
total
18,794
aged
65
participating
2015–2019
National
Survey
on
Drug
Use
Health,
a
cross‐sectional
nationally
representative
survey
non‐institutionalized
individuals
Measurements
We
estimated
prevalence
who
believe
that
people
smoke
once
or
twice
week
are
at
great
harming
themselves
physically
other
ways.
This
examined
across
cohort
years
stratified
by
demographic
characteristics,
diagnosis
chronic
disease,
past‐month
tobacco
binge
alcohol
all‐cause
emergency
department
use.
Results
Between
2015
2019,
regular
decreased
from
52.6%
42.7%,
an
18.8%
relative
decrease
(
p
<
0.001).
Decreases
were
detected
particular
those
never
married
(a
32.6%
decrease),
drink
31.3%
26.8%
have
kidney
disease
32.1%
asthma
31.7%
heart
16.5%
obstructive
pulmonary
21.5%
two
more
conditions
20.2%
reporting
past‐year
21.0%
decrease)
s
0.05).
Conclusions
decreasing
sharp
decreases
high‐risk
behaviors,
As
number
increases,
efforts
needed
raise
awareness
possible
adverse
effects
special
emphasis
vulnerable
groups.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2021
In
recent
years,
several
jurisdictions
have
revised
their
regulation
policy
toward
both
medical
and
recreational
use
of
cannabis.
These
changes
elicited
concerns
regarding
how
legalization
impacts
academic
achievement
work
performance.
This
review
evaluates
the
acute
long-term
(residual)
association
between
cannabis
cognitive
functioning
that
underlies
poor
Relative
to
other
reviews,
this
article
focuses
on
cross-over
randomized
controlled
trials
prospective
designs
given
they
allow
test
impairing
effects
exposure
at
within-subject
level.
Acute
are
discussed
separately
for
known
confounding
factors
such
as
levels
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(Δ9-THC),
Δ9-THC:cannabidiol
ratio,
previous
and,
comorbidity
with
psychosis-spectrum
disorders.
The
residual
detailed
in
relation
duration
abstinence,
frequency
use,
disorders,
types
domains
assessed,
age
initiation.
Moreover,
considering
fact
adequate
longitudinal
studies
can
make
inferences
about
causality
impaired
when
disentangling
between-subject
from
variation,
proofs
three
main
non-mutually
exclusive
hypotheses
relationship
will
be
presented:
i)
vulnerability
hypothesis
part
more
general
common
antecedent
hypothesis,
ii)
concurrent
iii)
neurotoxic
Current
research
provides
evidence
mild
moderate
episodic
working
memory,
processing
speed,
executive
functions.
Mild
were
also
observed
these
exact
same
domains,
suggesting
adverse
following
intoxication
persist
least
days
or
weeks
abstinence.
adult-onset,
adolescent-onset
seems
explain
dose-response
is
associated
longer
lasting
even
users
(
Pharmaceuticals,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
14(10), С. 965 - 965
Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2021
Synthetic
Cannabinoids
(CBs)
are
a
novel
class
of
psychoactive
substances
that
have
rapidly
evolved
around
the
world
with
addition
diverse
structural
modifications
to
existing
molecules
which
produce
new
analogues
can
be
associated
serious
adverse
health
effects.
CBs
represent
largest
drugs
detected
by
European
Monitoring
Centre
for
Drugs
and
Drug
Addiction
(EMCDDA)
total
207
identified
from
2008
October
2020,
9
compounds
being
reported
first
time.
sprayed
on
natural
harmless
herbs
an
aim
mimic
euphoric
effect
Cannabis.
They
sold
under
different
brand
names
including
Black
mamba,
spice,
K2,
Bombay
Blue,
etc.
As
these
synthetic
act
as
full
agonists
at
CB
receptors,
they
much
more
potent
than
Cannabis
been
increasingly
acute
chronic
intoxications
death.
Due
their
potential
toxicity
abuse,
US
government
has
listed
some
schedule
1
classification.
The
present
review
aims
provide
focused
overview
literature
concerning
development
CBs,
toxicological
effects
renal
toxicity,
respiratory
depression,
hyperemesis
syndrome,
cardiovascular
effects,
range
brain
function.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Март 7, 2023
Background
Evidence
for
long-term
effectiveness
of
commercial
cannabis
products
used
to
treat
medical
symptoms
is
inconsistent,
despite
increasingly
widespread
use.
Objective
To
prospectively
evaluate
the
effects
using
on
self-reported
pain,
insomnia,
anxiety,
depression,
and
use
disorder
(CUD)
after
12
months
Methods
This
observational
cohort
study
describes
outcomes
over
9
following
a
12-week
randomized,
waitlist-controlled
trial
(RCT:
NCT
03224468
)
in
which
adults
(
N
=
163)
who
wished
alleviate
or
anxiety
were
randomly
assigned
obtain
marijuana
card
immediately
(immediate
acquisition
group)
delay
obtaining
weeks
(delayed
group).
During
9-month
post-randomization
period,
all
participants
could
as
they
choose
their
products,
doses,
frequency
Insomnia,
CUD
assessed
period.
Results
After
symptoms,
11.7%
n
19),
17.1%
those
daily
near-daily
6)
developed
CUD.
Frequency
was
positively
correlated
with
pain
severity
number
but
not
significantly
associated
symptoms.
Depression
scores
improved
throughout
participants,
regardless
frequency.
Conclusions
depression
new-onset
significant
minority
participants.
Daily
appears
have
little
benefit
these
The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
48(2), С. 268 - 274
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020
Cannabis
use
in
some
individuals
can
meaningfully
introduce
de
novo
risk
for
the
initiation
of
opioid
and
development
disorder.
These
risks
may
be
particularly
high
during
adolescence
when
cannabis
disrupt
critical
periods
neurodevelopment.
Current
research
studying
combination
genetic
environmental
factors
involved
substance
disorders
is
poorly
understood.
More
needed,
to
identify
which
adolescents
are
most
at
develop
effective
interventions
addressing
contributing
such
as
trauma
psychiatric
comorbidity.