Has the Legalisation of Medical and Recreational Cannabis Use in the USA Affected the Prevalence of Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorders?

Current Addiction Reports, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 5(4), С. 403 - 417

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2018

Язык: Английский

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The New Runner's High? Examining Relationships Between Cannabis Use and Exercise Behavior in States With Legalized Cannabis

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 7

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2019

Scientific literature examining cannabis use in the context of health behaviors, such as exercise engagement, is extremely sparse and has yielded inconsistent findings. This issue becoming increasingly relevant legalization continues, a situation that been associated with increased initiation among adults, potency available products legalized states. Physical activity most important but many Americans do not meet minimum recommendations for healthy living. Common issues surrounding low rates include inadequate enjoyment motivation to exercise, poor recovery from exercise. It unclear whether shortly before and/or after impacts these issues, this co-use affects performance. The present online survey study examines attitudes behaviors regarding adult users living states full legal access (N = 605). Results indicated majority (81.7%) participants endorsed using concurrently those who did tended be younger more likely males (p < 0.0005 both). Even controlling differences, co-users reported engaging minutes aerobic anaerobic per week 0.01 p 0.05, respectively). In addition, before/after doing so enhances their approximately half it increases represents an step clarifying markets, provides guidance future research directions.

Язык: Английский

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Decreasing perceived risk associated with regular cannabis use among older adults in the United States from 2015 to 2019

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 69(9), С. 2591 - 2597

Опубликована: Май 26, 2021

Abstract Background/objectives Cannabis use among older adults is increasing sharply in the United States. While risks and benefits of cannabis remain unclear, it important to monitor risk factors for use, including low perception harm. The objective this study was estimate recent national trends perceived associated with adults. Design Trend analysis. Setting/participants A total 18,794 aged 65 participating 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use Health, a cross‐sectional nationally representative survey non‐institutionalized individuals Measurements We estimated prevalence who believe that people smoke once or twice week are at great harming themselves physically other ways. This examined across cohort years stratified by demographic characteristics, diagnosis chronic disease, past‐month tobacco binge alcohol all‐cause emergency department use. Results Between 2015 2019, regular decreased from 52.6% 42.7%, an 18.8% relative decrease ( p < 0.001). Decreases were detected particular those never married (a 32.6% decrease), drink 31.3% 26.8% have kidney disease 32.1% asthma 31.7% heart 16.5% obstructive pulmonary 21.5% two more conditions 20.2% reporting past‐year 21.0% decrease) s 0.05). Conclusions decreasing sharp decreases high‐risk behaviors, As number increases, efforts needed raise awareness possible adverse effects special emphasis vulnerable groups.

Язык: Английский

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Cannabis and Cognitive Functioning: From Acute to Residual Effects, From Randomized Controlled Trials to Prospective Designs

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2021

In recent years, several jurisdictions have revised their regulation policy toward both medical and recreational use of cannabis. These changes elicited concerns regarding how legalization impacts academic achievement work performance. This review evaluates the acute long-term (residual) association between cannabis cognitive functioning that underlies poor Relative to other reviews, this article focuses on cross-over randomized controlled trials prospective designs given they allow test impairing effects exposure at within-subject level. Acute are discussed separately for known confounding factors such as levels delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ9-THC:cannabidiol ratio, previous and, comorbidity with psychosis-spectrum disorders. The residual detailed in relation duration abstinence, frequency use, disorders, types domains assessed, age initiation. Moreover, considering fact adequate longitudinal studies can make inferences about causality impaired when disentangling between-subject from variation, proofs three main non-mutually exclusive hypotheses relationship will be presented: i) vulnerability hypothesis part more general common antecedent hypothesis, ii) concurrent iii) neurotoxic Current research provides evidence mild moderate episodic working memory, processing speed, executive functions. Mild were also observed these exact same domains, suggesting adverse following intoxication persist least days or weeks abstinence. adult-onset, adolescent-onset seems explain dose-response is associated longer lasting even users (

Язык: Английский

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Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Phytocannabinoids and Recreational Synthetic Cannabinoids: Increasing Risk of Public Health

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(10), С. 965 - 965

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2021

Synthetic Cannabinoids (CBs) are a novel class of psychoactive substances that have rapidly evolved around the world with addition diverse structural modifications to existing molecules which produce new analogues can be associated serious adverse health effects. CBs represent largest drugs detected by European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) total 207 identified from 2008 October 2020, 9 compounds being reported first time. sprayed on natural harmless herbs an aim mimic euphoric effect Cannabis. They sold under different brand names including Black mamba, spice, K2, Bombay Blue, etc. As these synthetic act as full agonists at CB receptors, they much more potent than Cannabis been increasingly acute chronic intoxications death. Due their potential toxicity abuse, US government has listed some schedule 1 classification. The present review aims provide focused overview literature concerning development CBs, toxicological effects renal toxicity, respiratory depression, hyperemesis syndrome, cardiovascular effects, range brain function.

Язык: Английский

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Development of cannabis use disorder in medical cannabis users: A 9-month follow-up of a randomized clinical trial testing effects of medical cannabis card ownership

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

Background Evidence for long-term effectiveness of commercial cannabis products used to treat medical symptoms is inconsistent, despite increasingly widespread use. Objective To prospectively evaluate the effects using on self-reported pain, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and use disorder (CUD) after 12 months Methods This observational cohort study describes outcomes over 9 following a 12-week randomized, waitlist-controlled trial (RCT: NCT 03224468 ) in which adults ( N = 163) who wished alleviate or anxiety were randomly assigned obtain marijuana card immediately (immediate acquisition group) delay obtaining weeks (delayed group). During 9-month post-randomization period, all participants could as they choose their products, doses, frequency Insomnia, CUD assessed period. Results After symptoms, 11.7% n 19), 17.1% those daily near-daily 6) developed CUD. Frequency was positively correlated with pain severity number but not significantly associated symptoms. Depression scores improved throughout participants, regardless frequency. Conclusions depression new-onset significant minority participants. Daily appears have little benefit these

Язык: Английский

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Medical marijuana laws and workplace fatalities in the United States

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 60, С. 33 - 39

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Changes in alcohol and cigarette consumption in response to medical and recreational cannabis legalization: Evidence from U.S. state tax receipt data

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 75, С. 102585 - 102585

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Cannabis as a Gateway Drug for Opioid Use Disorder

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 48(2), С. 268 - 274

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Cannabis use in some individuals can meaningfully introduce de novo risk for the initiation of opioid and development disorder. These risks may be particularly high during adolescence when cannabis disrupt critical periods neurodevelopment. Current research studying combination genetic environmental factors involved substance disorders is poorly understood. More needed, to identify which adolescents are most at develop effective interventions addressing contributing such as trauma psychiatric comorbidity.

Язык: Английский

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Associations between state-level policy liberalism, cannabis use, and cannabis use disorder from 2004 to 2012: Looking beyond medical cannabis law status

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 65, С. 97 - 103

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2019

Язык: Английский

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