Psychological
hedonism
-
the
idea
that
people
tend
to
act
in
ways
maximize
pleasure
and
minimize
displeasure
has
a
decidedly
poor
reputation
among
academics
who
study
human
behavior.
Opinions
range
from
outright
rejection
those
believe
it
be
intuitively
obvious,
but
untestable
therefore
unhelpful.
In
this
book,
author
introduces
an
empirically
testable
useful
theory
of
psychological
based
on
contemporary
research
emerging
field
affective
neuroscience.
He
goes
argue
are
genetically
endowed
with
tendency
towards
as
function
Darwinian
processes.
This
view
light
its
origins
thereinafter
referred
is
essential
address
growing
global
epidemic
unhealthy
behavior,
such
diet,
physical
inactivity,
substance
use.
By
the
end
of
2016,
28
states
had
liberalized
their
marijuana
laws:
by
decriminalizing
possession,
legalizing
for
medical
purposes,
or
more
broadly.More
are
considering
such
policy
changes
even
while
supporters
and
opponents
continue
to
debate
impacts.Yet
evidence
on
these
liberalizations
remains
scarce,
in
part
due
data
limitations.We
use
from
Monitoring
Future's
annual
surveys
high
school
seniors
evaluate
impact
use,
other
substance
alcohol
consumption,
attitudes
surrounding
youth
health
outcomes,
crime
rates,
traffic
accidents.These
have
several
advantages
over
those
used
prior
analyses.We
find
that
minimal
examined
outcomes.Notably,
many
outcomes
predicted
critics
liberalizations,
as
increases
drug
criminal
behavior,
failed
materialize
wake
liberalizations.
Addiction,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
114(9), С. 1593 - 1601
Опубликована: Май 20, 2019
Abstract
Background
and
Aims
Between
2002
2014,
past‐month
marijuana
use
among
pregnant
women
in
the
United
States
increased
62%,
nearly
twice
growth
of
general
population.
This
coincides
with
proliferation
state
medical
laws
(MMLs)
authorizing
physicians
to
recommend
for
approved
conditions.
We
estimated
association
between
MMLs
substance
treatment
utilization
non‐pregnant
reproductive
age.
also
examined
whether
varied
across
MML
provisions,
age
groups
referral
sources
clarify
potential
pathways.
Design
Nation‐wide
administrative
data
from
2002–14
Treatment
Episodes
Data
Set
Admissions,
a
difference‐in‐differences
design
that
exploited
staggered
implementation
compare
changes
outcomes
before
after
non‐MML
states.
Setting
Twenty‐one
27
US
Participants
Pregnant
aged
12–49
admitted
publicly
funded
specialty
facilities.
Measurements
The
primary
outcome
variable
was
number
admissions
per
100
000
12–49,
aggregated
at
state‐year
level
(
n
=
606).
Admissions
marijuana,
alcohol,
cocaine
opioids
were
considered.
independent
an
indicator
state.
Findings
Among
women,
rate
by
4.69
[95%
confidence
interval
(CI)
1.32,
8.06]
states
relative
accompanied
increases
involving
alcohol
(β
3.19;
95%
CI
0.97,
5.410
2.56;
0.34,
4.79),
specific
adults
5.50;
1.52,
9.47)
largest
granting
legal
protection
dispensaries
6.37;
–0.97,
13.70).
There
no
statistically
significant
women.
Conclusions
Medical
law
has
been
associated
greater
adult
especially
legally
protected
dispensaries.
Psychological
hedonism
-
the
idea
that
people
tend
to
act
in
ways
maximize
pleasure
and
minimize
displeasure
has
a
decidedly
poor
reputation
among
academics
who
study
human
behavior.
Opinions
range
from
outright
rejection
those
believe
it
be
intuitively
obvious,
but
untestable
therefore
unhelpful.
In
this
book,
author
introduces
an
empirically
testable
useful
theory
of
psychological
based
on
contemporary
research
emerging
field
affective
neuroscience.
He
goes
argue
are
genetically
endowed
with
tendency
towards
as
function
Darwinian
processes.
This
view
light
its
origins
thereinafter
referred
is
essential
address
growing
global
epidemic
unhealthy
behavior,
such
diet,
physical
inactivity,
substance
use.
