Water Beetles as Models in Ecology and Evolution

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 64(1), С. 359 - 377

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2019

Beetles have colonized water many times during their history, with some of these events involving extensive evolutionary radiations and multiple transitions between land water. With over 13,000 described species, they are one the most diverse macroinvertebrate groups in nonmarine aquatic habitats occur on all continents except Antarctica. A combination wide geographical ecological range relatively accessible taxonomy makes insects an excellent model system for addressing a variety questions ecology evolution. Work beetles has recently made important contributions to fields as DNA taxonomy, macroecology, historical biogeography, sexual selection, conservation biology, well predicting organismal responses global change. Aquatic best resolved phylogenies any comparably insect group, this, coupled recent advances taxonomic knowledge, is likely drive expansion studies future.

Язык: Английский

---

Female genitalia can evolve more rapidly and divergently than male genitalia

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Март 21, 2019

Abstract Male genitalia exhibit patterns of divergent evolution driven by sexual selection. In contrast, for many taxonomic groups, female are relatively uniform and their remain largely unexplored. Here we quantify variation in the shape across onthophagine dung beetles, use new comparative methods to contrast rates divergence with those male genitalia. As expected, genital has diverged more rapidly than a naturally selected trait, foretibia. Remarkably, nearly three times as fast shape. Our results dispel notion that do not show same genitalia, suggest under selection through role choice.

Язык: Английский

---

EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE MAMMALIAN BACULUM BY SEXUAL SELECTION

Evolution, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 68(1), С. 276 - 283

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2013

Male genitalia exhibit a taxonomically widespread pattern of rapid and divergent evolution. Sexual selection is generally believed to be responsible for these patterns evolutionary divergence, although empirical support the sexual hypothesis comes mainly from studies insects. Here we show that an divergence in baculum morphology among populations house mice Mus domesticus. We sourced three isolated known subject differing strengths postcopulatory bred them under common-garden conditions. Mice with strong had bacula were relatively thicker compared weak selection. used experimental evolution determine whether could ascribed After 27 generations evolution, subjected evolved than enforced monogamy. Our data thereby provide evidence underlies mammalian supports plays general role male genital across diverse taxonomic groups.

Язык: Английский

---

Human Sperm Competition

Advances in the study of behavior, Год журнала: 2014, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 44

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2014

Язык: Английский

---

Causes and Consequences of Genital Evolution

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 56(4), С. 741 - 751

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2016

The study of genital diversity has experienced rapidly burgeoning attention over the past few decades. This research shown that male genitalia in internally fertilizing animals exhibit remarkably rapid and complex evolution. In recent years, a consensus emerged sexual selection is responsible for much observed diversity, with natural largely playing subsidiary role. Despite enhanced understanding key proximate forms evolution, we still have poor grasp broader, ultimate causes consequences striking genitalia. Here, highlight three topics so far received comparatively little yet could prove critically important. First, encourage investigation ecology's direct indirect roles diversification, as ecological variation can influence on several ways, perhaps especially by influencing context selection. Second, need more into effects divergence speciation, differences enhance reproductive isolation through either lock-and-key process (where directly favors isolation) or an incidental by-product divergence. Third, echo calls increased female genitalia, non-trivial exists, multiple mechanisms lead to diversification For all topics, review theory empirical data, describe specific approaches tackling these questions. We hope this work provides roadmap toward conspicuous primary traits, thus new insights evolution traits phenotypic speciation.

Язык: Английский

---

Studying Genital Coevolution to Understand Intromittent Organ Morphology

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 56(4), С. 669 - 681

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2016

Male intromittent organs are exceedingly diverse, yet we know comparatively little about female genital diversity. However, the most direct mechanical interaction between males and females occurs during copulation, therefore, coevolution is expected to be widespread. This means that diversification of male structures must influence diversity features vice versa. As expand our understanding coevolutionary interactions sexes, need knowledge three basic areas: First, quantitative data, on morphological variation genitalia. Second, study mechanics copulatory interactions, third, use this determine which morphology under selection, how their variable function may affect fitness. Though studying certainly difficult, crucial in organ.

Язык: Английский

---

Multiple sexual selection pressures drive the rapid evolution of complex morphology in a male secondary genital structure

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 5(19), С. 4437 - 4450

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2015

Abstract The genitalia of internally fertilizing taxa represent a striking example rapid morphological evolution. Although sexual selection can shape variation in genital morphology, it has been difficult to test whether multiple pressures combine drive the evolution individual structures. Here, we hypothesis that both pre‐ and postcopulatory act concert complex structural secondary morphology. We genetically modified size posterior lobes Drosophila melanogaster males tested consequences on several reproductive measures. found are necessary for coupling they also targets processes quantitative even though these structures make no direct contact with external female or internal organs during mating. smaller less structurally suffer substantial fitness costs competitive fertilization experiments. Our results show mechanisms morphology single structure D. pressures.

Язык: Английский

---

Origins of female genital diversity: Predation risk and lock-and-key explain rapid divergence during an adaptive radiation

Evolution, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 69(9), С. 2452 - 2467

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2015

The study of male genital diversity has long overshadowed evolutionary inquiry female genitalia, despite its nontrivial diversity. Here, we identify four nonmutually exclusive mechanisms that could lead to divergence in females, and potentially generate patterns correlated male–female evolution: (1) ecological variation alters the context sexual selection ("ecology hypothesis"), (2) sexually antagonistic ("sexual-conflict (3) preferences for genitalia mediated by traits ("female-choice (4) against inter-population mating ("lock-and-key hypothesis"). We performed an empirical investigation all hypotheses using model system Bahamas mosquitofish inhabiting blue holes vary predation risk. found unequivocal support ecology hypothesis, with females exhibiting a smaller opening containing piscivorous fish. This is consistent stronger postmating choice/conflict when predators are present, but greater premating choice their absence. Our results additionally supported lock-and-key uncovering pattern reproductive character displacement shape. no conflict or hypotheses. demonstrate strong role generating diversity, suggest may provide viable cause diversification.

Язык: Английский

---

X-ray micro-CT scanning reveals temporal separation of male harm and female kicking during traumatic mating in seed beetles

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 284(1856), С. 20170550 - 20170550

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2017

In the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus , male intromittent organ is covered in sharp spines that pierce female copulatory tract wall during mating. Although fitness consequences of traumatic mating are well studied this species, we know much less about how and genitalia interact This partly due to fact genital interactions occur primarily inside female, so difficult observe. study, use X-ray micro-CT scanning examine proximate mechanisms C. unprecedented detail. We show technique can be used identify tissue damage before melanization wound sites. visualize positioning mating, relates wounding three dimensions. By pairs flash-frozen at different times significant occurs onset kicking. There thus some degree temporal separation between kicking, which supports recent suggestions kicking not an effective counter-adaptation reduce species. also present evidence teeth protruding from able spermatophore as it deposited, may function aid sperm release.

Язык: Английский

---

Mechanical and tactile incompatibilities cause reproductive isolation between two young damselfly species

Evolution, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 71(10), С. 2410 - 2427

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2017

External male reproductive structures have received considerable attention as a cause of isolation (RI), because the morphology these often evolves rapidly between populations. This rapid evolution presents potential for mechanical incompatibilities with heterospecific female during mating and could thus prevent interbreeding nascent species. Although such little empirical support common RI, mismatch to RI due incompatible species-specific tactile cues has not been tested. We tested importance in Enallagma anna E. carunculatum, two damselfly species that diverged within past ∼250,000 years currently hybridize sympatric region. quantified 19 prezygotic postzygotic barriers using both naturally occurring laboratory-reared damselflies. found incomplete pure hybrid males females. Interestingly, pairs which was incomplete, females showed greater resistance refusal mate or compared conspecific males. observation suggests involving can influence decisions form strong barrier gene flow early stages speciation.

Язык: Английский

---