Fire Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025
Язык: Английский
Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 376(6590)
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2022
The productivity of ecosystems and their capacity to support life depends on access reactive nitrogen (N). Over the past century, humans have more than doubled global supply N through industrial agricultural activities. However, long-term records demonstrate that availability is declining in many regions world. Reactive inputs are not evenly distributed, changes-including elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels rising temperatures-are affecting ecosystem relative demand. Declining constraining primary productivity, contributing lower leaf concentrations, reducing quality herbivore diets ecosystems. We outline current state knowledge about propose actions aimed at characterizing responding this emerging challenge.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
218
Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2021
Abstract In Germany, the decline of insect biomass was observed in nature conservation areas agricultural landscapes. One main causal factors discussed is use synthetic pesticides conventional agriculture. a Germany-wide field study, we collected flying insects using Malaise traps adjacent to land. We used multi-component chemical trace element analysis detect 92 common ethanol from sampled May and August 2020. total, residues 47 current were detected, samples on average contaminated with 16.7 pesticides. Residues herbicides metolachlor-S, prosulfocarb terbuthylazine, fungicides azoxystrobin fluopyram recorded at all sites. The neonicotinoid thiacloprid detected 16 21 areas, most likely due final before an EU-wide ban. A change residue mixture composition noticeable higher herbicide spring increasing fungicide applications summer. number substances related proportion production area radius 2000 m. Therefore, drastic pesticide reduction large buffers around necessary avoid contamination their fauna.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
114
Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(5)
Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023
Insects and other arthropods are central to terrestrial ecosystems. However, data lacking regarding their global population abundance. We synthesized thousands of evaluations from around 500 sites worldwide, estimating the absolute biomass abundance across different taxa habitats. found that there ≈1 × 1019 (twofold uncertainty range) soil on Earth, ≈95% which mites springtails. The contains ≈200 million metric tons (Mt) dry biomass. Termites contribute ≈40% biomass, much more than ants at ≈10%. Our estimate for above-ground is uncertain, highlighting a knowledge gap future research should aim close. combined all ≈300 Mt (uncertainty range, 100 500), similar mass humanity its livestock. These estimates enhance quantitative understanding in ecosystems provide an initial holistic benchmark decline.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
55
Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025
Abstract Current use pesticides (CUPs) are recognised as the largest deliberate input of bioactive substances into terrestrial ecosystems and one main factors responsible for current decline in insects agricultural areas. To quantify seasonal insect exposure landscape at a regional scale (Rhineland-Palatine Germany), we analysed presence multiple (93) active ingredients CUPs across three different cultivation types (with each fields: arable, vegetable, viticulture) neighbouring meadows. We collected monthly soil vegetation samples over year. A total 71 CUP residues mixtures was detected, with up to 28 25 single samples. The concentrations numbers fluctuated sampling period, peaking summer months but remaining almost constant topsoil. calculated in-field additive risks earthworms, collembola, soil-living wild bees using measured CUPs. Our results call need assess mixture low concentrations, chronically present Since this risk is not addressed regulation, emphasise urgent implement global pesticide reduction targets.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Plant Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 21(2), С. 391 - 404
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2022
Summary China is the world's second‐largest maize producer and consumer. In recent years, invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) has adversely affected productivity compromised food security. To mitigate pest‐inflicted shortages, China's Government issued biosafety certificates for two genetically modified (GM) Bt hybrids, Bt‐ Cry1Ab DBN9936 Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj Ruifeng 125, in 2019. Here, we quantitatively assess impact of both hybrids on pest feeding damage, crop yield safety throughout belt. Without a need to resort synthetic insecticides, could lepidopteran pressure by 61.9–97.3%, avoid loss 16.4–21.3% (range −11.9–99.2%) lower mycotoxin contamination 85.5–95.5% as compared prevailing non‐Bt hybrids. Yield avoidance varied considerably between experimental sites mediated on‐site infestation identity. For either seed mixtures or block refuge arrangements, was kept below established thresholds at 90% coverage Yunnan (where S. dominant species) 70% other dominated Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). Drawing experiences from crop/pest systems, se can provide area‐wide management thus, contribute progressive phase‐down chemical pesticide use. Hence, when consciously paired with agroecological biodiversity‐based measures, GM insecticidal crops ensure nutrition security, sustainable intensification agriculture reduce systems' environmental footprint.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
40
Chemosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 357, С. 142036 - 142036
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024
Arthropods represent an entry point for pesticide transfers in terrestrial food webs, and accumulation upper chain organisms, such as predators can have cascading consequences on ecosystems. However, the mechanisms driving transfer bioaccumulation webs remain poorly understood. Here we review literature mediated by arthropods webs. The of pesticides their potential biomagnification are related to chemical properties toxicokinetic substances, resistance detoxification abilities contaminated well effects organisms' life history traits. We further identify four critical areas which knowledge gain would improve future predictions impacts First, efforts should be made regarding co-formulants mixtures that currently understudied. Second, progress sensitivity analytical methods allow detection low concentrations small individual arthropods. Quantifying preys, predators, or vertebrates at higher trophic level bring crucial insights into real-world Finally, quantifying influence structure complexity communities could address several important sources variability across species This narrative will inspire studies aiming quantify better capture ecological natural cultivated landscapes.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
13
Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 67(1), С. 305 - 328
Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2021
The diverse ecology of parasitoids is shaped by extrinsic competition, i.e., exploitative or interference competition among adult females and males for hosts mates. Adult use an array morphological, chemical, behavioral mechanisms to engage in that may be either intra- interspecific. Weaker competitors are often excluded or, if they persist, alternate host habitats, developmental stages, species. Competition mates almost exclusively intraspecific involves visual displays, chemical signals, even physical combat. Extrinsic influences community structure through its role competitive displacement apparent competition. Finally, anthropogenic changes such as habitat loss fragmentation, invasive species, pollutants, climate change result phenological mismatches range expansions within host-parasitoid communities with consequent the strength interactions. Such have important ramifications not only success managed agroecosystems, but also natural ecosystem functioning.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
46
Molecular Ecology Resources, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(1), С. 92 - 105
Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2022
DNA metabarcoding is routinely used for biodiversity assessment, in particular targeting highly diverse groups which limited taxonomic expertise available. Various protocols are currently use, although standardization key to its application large-scale monitoring. of arthropod bulk samples can be conducted either destructively from sample tissue, or nondestructively fixative lysis buffer. Nondestructive methods desirable the preservation integrity but have yet experimentally evaluated detail. Here, we compare diversity estimates 14 size-sorted Malaise trap processed consecutively with three nondestructive approaches (one using ethanol and two buffers) one destructive approach (using homogenized tissue). Extraction commercial buffer yielded comparable species richness high overlap composition ground tissue extracts. A significantly divergent community was detected preservative ethanol-based extraction. No consistent trend found increasing incubation time These results indicate that extraction could provide a alternative added advantage preserving specimens postmetabarcoding work at higher cost per sample.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
35
Journal of Applied Entomology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 146(5), С. 465 - 472
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2022
Abstract An underestimated factor that contributes to the decline of insects observed during last year is probably mortality, which caused by mowing grassland. We studied negative impact on arthropod fauna roadside grassland, might serve as potential habitat for prevent their local extinction and corridor dispersal in anthropogenic landscapes. In addition, we if losses due can be mitigated use ‘arthropod‐friendly’ technique. agreement with earlier studies, found a conventional head (MK 1200 from MULAG) considerable arthropods, ranging 29% Heteroptera over around 50% Araneae, Cicadina, Hymenoptera Diptera, up 73% holometabolous larvae, 87% Lepidoptera. These were fully offset Heteroptera, Lepidoptera larvae when using Eco MULAG, was designed ‘arthropod‐friendly’. For reduced 15% 25% respectively. Saltatoria Coleoptera, did not find any significant differences between all treatments. data demonstrate roadsides technology has highly detrimental effect grassland fauna. However, this or at least Therefore, technique high reduce insect making these areas insects.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
34
eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11
Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2022
Worldwide, hoverflies (Syrphidae: Diptera) provide crucial ecosystem services such as pollination and biological pest control. Although many hoverfly species exhibit migratory behavior, the spatiotemporal facets of these movement dynamics, their implications are poorly understood. In this study, we use long-term (16-year) trapping records, trajectory analysis, intrinsic (i.e., isotope, genetic, pollen) markers to describe migration patterns Episyrphus balteatus in northern China. Our work reveals how E. migrate northward during spring–summer exhibits return (long-range) autumn. The extensive genetic mixing high diversity populations underscore its adaptive capacity environmental disturbances, for example, climate change. Pollen molecular gut analysis further illuminate visits min. 1012 flowering plant (39 orders) over space time. By thus delineating transregional movements networks, advance our understanding ecology facilitate design targeted strategies conserve enhance services.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
29