Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper

Allergy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 78(11), С. 2851 - 2874

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023

Abstract The exponential growth of precision diagnostic tools, including omic technologies, molecular diagnostics, sophisticated genetic and epigenetic editing, imaging nano‐technologies patient access to extensive health care, has resulted in vast amounts unbiased data enabling in‐depth disease characterization. New endotypes have been identified for various allergic diseases triggered the gradual transition from a description focused on symptoms identifying biomarkers intricate pathogenetic metabolic pathways. Consequently, current taxonomy be revised better categorization. This European Academy Allergy Clinical Immunology Position Paper responds this challenge provides modern nomenclature diseases, which respects earlier classifications back early 20th century. Hypersensitivity reactions originally described by Gell Coombs extended into nine different types comprising antibody‐ (I‐III), cell‐mediated (IVa‐c), tissue‐driven mechanisms (V‐VI) direct response chemicals (VII). Types I‐III are linked classical newly clinical conditions. Type IVa‐c specified detailed according understanding T1, T2 T3 responses. V‐VI involve epithelial barrier defects metabolic‐induced immune dysregulation, while cellular inflammatory responses covered type VII. It is notable that several combinations mixed may appear setting. relevance approach allergy practice will conferred another article follow year, aiming at showing where can overlap evolve over lifetime.

Язык: Английский

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Updated epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: Targeting pathophysiology and treatment response of tight junctions

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(5), С. 1146 - 1165

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

Abstract Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression TJs plays essential the development and progression inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. Among them, CRS polyps is prevalent disease affects cavity paranasal sinuses, leading to poor prognosis significantly impacting patients' quality life. Its pathogenesis primarily involves dysfunction barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, disordered immune response, excessive remodeling. Numerous elucidated pivotal both response traditional therapies CRS. We therefore review discuss potential factors contributing impair repair epithelium based on their structure, function, formation process.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in the epithelial barrier theory

International Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(5), С. 211 - 222

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024

Abstract The epithelial barrier theory links the recent rise in chronic non-communicable diseases, notably autoimmune and allergic disorders, to environmental agents disrupting barrier. Global pollution toxic agent exposure have worsened over six decades because of uncontrolled growth, modernization, industrialization, affecting human health. Introducing new chemicals without any reasonable control their health effects through these years has led documented adverse effects, especially on skin mucosal barriers. These substances, such as particulate matter, detergents, surfactants, food emulsifiers, micro- nano-plastics, diesel exhaust, cigarette smoke, ozone, been shown compromise integrity. This disruption is linked opening tight-junction barriers, inflammation, cell death, oxidative stress, metabolic regulation. Consideration must be given interplay underlying inflammatory medications, affected tissues. review article discusses detrimental effect barrier-damaging compounds involves cellular molecular mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Skin, gut, and lung barrier: Physiological interface and target of intervention for preventing and treating allergic diseases

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(6), С. 1485 - 1500

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

The epithelial barriers of the skin, gut, and respiratory tract are critical interfaces between environment host, they orchestrate both homeostatic pathogenic immune responses. mechanisms underlying barrier dysfunction in allergic inflammatory conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, eosinophilic oesophagitis, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, complex influenced by exposome, microbiome, individual genetics, epigenetics. Here, we review role digestive tract, airways maintaining homeostasis, how influence occurrence progression current treatments target epithelium to improve symptoms these disorders, what unmet needs identification treatment disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Type 2 immunity in allergic diseases

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms of gut epithelial barrier impairment caused by food emulsifiers polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80

Allergy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 78(9), С. 2441 - 2455

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2023

The rising prevalence of many chronic diseases related to gut barrier dysfunction coincides with the increased global usage dietary emulsifiers in recent decades. We therefore investigated effect frequently used food on cytotoxicity, function, transcriptome alterations, and protein expression gastrointestinal epithelial cells.Human intestinal organoids originating from induced pluripotent stem cells, colon organoid organ-on-a-chip, liquid-liquid interface cells were cultured presence two common emulsifiers: polysorbate 20 (P20) 80 (P80). transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular-flux measured. Immunofluorescence staining tight-junctions (TJ), RNA-seq transcriptome, targeted proteomics performed.Cells showed lysis response P20 P80 exposure starting at a 0.1% (v/v) concentration across all models. Epithelial disruption correlated decreased TEER, irregular TJ immunostaining. analyses demonstrated upregulation cell development, signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory response, stress 0.05%, lower than direct toxicity. A proinflammatory was characterized by secretion several cytokines chemokines, interaction their receptors, PI3K-Akt MAPK signaling pathways. CXCL5, CXCL10, VEGFA upregulated CXCL1, CXCL8 (IL-8), LIF P80.The present study provides evidence detrimental effects integrity. underlying mechanism death concentrations between 1% 0.1%. Even 0.1%, these polysorbates suggesting health.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of indoor pollution on asthma‐related outcomes: A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergic diseases and asthma

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(7), С. 1761 - 1788

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2024

Abstract Systematic review using GRADE of the impact exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), cleaning agents, mould/damp, pesticides on risk (i) new‐onset asthma (incidence) and (ii) adverse asthma‐related outcomes (impact). MEDLINE, EMBASE Web Science were searched for indoor pollutant studies reporting critical important outcomes. Ninety four included: 11 VOCs (7 incidenceand 4 impact), 25 agents 8 48 damp/mould (26 incidence 22 impact) 10 (8 2 impact). Exposure increases wheeze (moderate certainty evidence). may be associated with a higher severity (low level certainty). increase (very low The all major pollutants is uncertain. As or very most available evidence more rigorous research in field warranted.

Язык: Английский

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Lifestyle Changes and Industrialization in the Development of Allergic Diseases

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(7), С. 331 - 345

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review Modernization and Westernization in industrialized developing nations is associated with a substantial increase chronic noncommunicable diseases. This transformation has far-reaching effects on lifestyles, impacting areas such as economics, politics, social life, culture, all which, turn, have diverse influences public health. Loss contact nature, alternations the microbiota, processed food consumption, exposure to environmental pollutants including chemicals, increased stress decreased physical activity jointly result increases frequency inflammatory disorders allergies many autoimmune neuropsychiatric review aims investigate relationship between Western lifestyle disorders. Recent Findings Several hypotheses been put forth trying explain observed these diseases, ‘ Hygiene Hypothesis ’, Old Friends Biodiversity Dysbiosi s’. The recently introduced Epithelial Barrier Theory ’ incorporates former suggests that toxic substances cleaning agents, laundry dishwasher detergents, shampoos, toothpastes, well microplastic, packaged air pollution damage epithelium our skin, lungs gastrointestinal system. barrier disruption leads biodiversity microbiome development opportunistic pathogen colonization, which upon interaction immune system, initiates local systemic inflammation. Summary Gaining deeper comprehension interplay environment, system provides data assist legally regulating usage substances, enable nontoxic alternatives mitigate challenges essential for fostering harmonious healthy global environment.

Язык: Английский

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The mucosal concept in chronic rhinosinusitis: Focus on the epithelial barrier

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 153(5), С. 1206 - 1214

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Язык: Английский

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EAACI Guidelines on Environmental Science for Allergy and Asthma—Recommendations on the Impact of Indoor Air Pollutants on the Risk of New‐Onset Asthma and on Asthma‐Related Outcomes

Allergy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 80(3), С. 651 - 676

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

ABSTRACT The EAACI Guidelines used the GRADE approach to evaluate impact of major indoor air pollutants (dampness and mould, cleaning agents, volatile organic compounds pesticides) on risk new‐onset asthma asthma‐related outcomes. guideline also acknowledges synergies among other components exposome (allergens, viruses, endotoxins). Very low certainty evidence was found for association between exposure increased worsening. Only mould there moderate asthma. Due quality evidence, conditional recommendations were formulated all pollutants. Recommendations are provided prevention, patient care mitigation in a framework supporting rational decisions healthcare professionals patients individualize improve management. For policymakers regulators this evidence‐informed supports setting legally binding standards goals at international, national local levels. Asthma management counselled by current guidelines can outcomes but community governmental measures improved needed achieve significant impact.

Язык: Английский

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