Although
wastewater
effluents
continue
to
be
significant
polluters
of
aquatic
ecosystems
in
developing
countries
with
limited
water
resources,
little
is
known
about
the
ecotoxicity
induced
by
these
on
fish
throughout
their
early
life
stages.
Several
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
South
Africa
(SA)
do
not
adequately
meet
minimal
requirements
established
country's
Department
Water
and
Sanitation
(DWS).
Moreover,
contaminants
emerging
concern
(CECs)
originating
from
synthetic
or
natural
sources,
are
widely
distributed
environments
SA.
This
includes
a
broad
range
chemical
compounds,
such
as
aspirin
(44243
ng/L),
Fluoroquinolones
(27100
Atenolol
(25900
Nalidixic
acid
(25234
ng/L)
Ciprofloxacin
(20514
ng/L).
In
addition
endocrine
disrupting
chemicals,
pharmaceuticals
personal
care
products
also
systems.
process
treatment,
agents
flocculants,
coagulants,
precipitants
(e.g.,
calcium
hydroxide
sodium
hydroxide)
chlorine
disinfectants
utilized
settings.
However,
research
understand
adverse
effects
that
can
caused
organisms
still
ongoing
order
bridge
this
knowledge
gap,
advanced
techniques
could
employed
help
reveal
well
any
shortcomings
current
remediation
techniques.
Using
an
appropriate
model
organism
highly
conserved
physiological
pathways
present
higher
vertebrates
(including
humans),
rich
behavioural
repertoire,
occurrence
variety
habitats
would
novel
approach.
To
effect,
study
zebrafish
aim
monitor
six
distinct
samples
various
regions
SA
assess
effectiveness
currently
used
chlorination.
Two
effluents,
namely,
Southern
Works
Final
Effluents
(SWFE)
Jacob’s
Incoming
(JB)
alerted
potential
toxicity
during
characterization
suboptimal
pH
(SWFE
=
9.02
±
0.16
JB
5.65
0.02)
total
alkalinity
zero
(0
mg/L)
detected
for
both
effluents.
The
lethal
was
seen
elevation
mortality
rate
up
77
2.89
%
100
0.00
%,
respectively
SWFE
at
40
corresponding
LC50
values
17.77
16.46
%.
jaw
face,
heart,
brain,
fins,
notochord,
somite
tail
were
significantly
deformed
(p
<
0.05)
post-exposure
revealed
morphological
scores
upon
analysis
zebrafish’s
body
structure.
there
delay
development
due
aforementioned
unsuccessful
hatching,
craniofacial
abnormalities,
pericardial
yolk
sac
oedema,
notochord
abnormality
defects
spinal
cord
curvature.
addition,
locomotor
activity
inhibited
following
observation
distance
travelled,
frozen
moments,
acceleration
rates,
swimming
trajectories
exploration
rate.
Surprisingly,
safety
wastewaters
restored
precipitation
revealing
non-lethal
ranges
6.02
-
8.02
6.65
7.65
JB,
reducing
non-significant
levels
>
compared
control.
Also,
bicarbonate
(NaHCO3)
120
mg/L
found
effective
supplementing
alkalinity.
contrast,
Amanzimtoti
before
after
chlorination
(TB
TA),
Badulla
(IB)
Chatsworth
(CI)
exhibited
no
consistent
lethality
apparent
stress
demonstrated
insignificant
expression
protein:
heat
shock
protein
70
(HSP70).
tested
(TB)
(TA)
appeared
same
(~25
%)
indicating
enough
completely
remediating
wastewater.
Our
pioneer
evaluating
ecotoxicological
impact
localized
country
like
relation
adjustment
quality
parameters
neutralization
contaminants.
better
released
SA's
bodies
interactions
adult
stage,
more
studies
needs
developed.
Toxicology Reports,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
9, С. 858 - 868
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
Heavy
metals
pollution
causes
a
threat
to
the
aquatic
environment
and
its
inhabitants
when
their
concentrations
exceed
safe
limits.
cause
toxicity
in
fish
due
non-biodegradable
properties
long
persistence
environment.
This
review
investigated
effects
of
heavy
on
early
development,
growth
reproduction
fish.
Fish
embryos/larvae
each
developmental
stage
embryo
respond
differently
intoxication
vary
from
species
species,
types
mode
actions,
concentration
exposure
time.
Many
are
considered
as
essential
nutrient
elements
that
positively
improve
feed
utilization
fishes
but
upon
crossing
maximum
tolerable
limit
these
not
only
hazard
health
also
human
consumers
disruption
ecological
systems.
Reduced
gonadosomatic
index
(GSI),
fecundity,
hatching
rate,
fertilization
success,
abnormal
shape
reproductive
organs,
finally
failure
have
been
attributed
metal
toxicity.
In
summary,
this
sheds
light
manipulation
physiology
by
seeks
raise
sensitivity
prevention
control
environmental
contamination,
particularly
metals.
Annals of Animal Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(4), С. 1007 - 1024
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024
Abstract
Pesticides
and
heavy
metals
are
considered
as
potent
contaminants
in
aquatic
environment.
Both
sourced
into
the
ecosystems
by
various
types
of
anthropogenic
well
natural
practices.
Such
contamination
drastically
affect
normal
activity
associated
living
organisms
particularly
fish.
pesticides
toxicity
cause
several
negative
effects
on
fish
growth,
physiology,
immune
response,
reproduction,
embryonic
larval
development
different
histopathology
major
organs
including
gill,
kidney,
liver,
gonads,
intestine.
Besides,
consumption
contaminated
poses
a
serious
health
concern
to
consumers.
Considering
these
issues,
current
review
is
designed
investigate
toxic
aspects
fishes
along
with
their
possible
sources,
types,
mode
action
role
medicinal
herbs
mitigate
toxicity.
Water,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(16), С. 3017 - 3017
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2023
Metallic
trace
elements
toxicity
has
been
associated
with
a
wide
range
of
morphological
abnormalities
in
fish,
both
natural
aquatic
ecosystems
and
controlled
environments.
The
bioaccumulation
metallic
can
have
devastating
effects
on
several
aspects
fish
health,
encompassing
physiological,
reproductive,
behavioural,
developmental
functions.
Considering
the
significant
risks
posed
by
elements-induced
to
populations,
this
review
aims
investigate
deleterious
prevalent
toxicants,
such
as
mercury
(Hg),
cadmium
(Cd),
chromium
(Cr),
lead
(Pb),
arsenic
(As),
copper
(Cu),
neurological,
embryonic,
tissue
systems
fish.
Employing
diverse
search
engines
relevant
keywords,
an
extensive
vitro
vivo
studies
pertaining
its
adverse
consequences
their
organs
was
conducted.
findings
indicate
that
Cd
most
environments,
exerting
severe
impacts
various
systems,
followed
Cu
Pb.
Moreover,
it
observed
different
metals
exhibited
varying
degrees
types
Given
profound
contamination
water,
immediate
measures
need
be
taken
mitigate
water
pollution
stemming
from
discharge
waste
containing
agricultural,
industrial,
domestic
usage.
This
study
also
compares
common
methods
for
treating
water.
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
22(5), С. 3481 - 3505
Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023
Abstract
Food
safety
has
long
been
an
area
of
concern.
The
selection
stable
and
efficient
model
organisms
is
particularly
important
for
food
toxicology
studies.
Zebrafish
(
Danio
rerio
)
are
small
vertebrates,
70%
human
genes
have
at
least
one
zebrafish
ortholog.
advantages
as
due
to
their
short
life
cycle,
strong
reproductive
ability,
easy
rearing,
low
cost.
embryos
the
advantage
being
sensitive
breeding
environment
thus
used
biosensors.
widely
assessments.
This
review
provides
a
systematic
comprehensive
summary
studies
using
organisms.
First,
we
briefly
introduce
multidimensional
mechanisms
structure–activity
relationship
toxicological
assessment.
Second,
categorize
these
according
eight
types
hazards
in
foods,
including
mycotoxins,
pesticides,
antibiotics,
heavy
metals,
endocrine
disruptors,
additives,
nanoparticles,
other
food‐related
ingredients.
Finally,
list
applications
line
with
future
research
prospects,
aiming
provide
valuable
reference
researchers
field
science.
Due
to
population
explosion,
unplanned
industrialization,
urbanization,
and
unabated
agricultural
practices,
water
pollution
by
recalcitrant
toxic
substances
has
emanated
be
a
grave
disquiet
in
the
world.
Among
them,
heavy
metals
(HMs)
are
persistent
nonbiodegradable
low-concentration
metal
portions
that
exert
pernicious
impacts
on
aquatic
biota
including
human
beings
lead
bioaccumulation
biomagnification
of
HMs
at
higher
trophic
levels.
Hence,
safeguard
environment
subsequently,
public
health,
incredible
applications
microalgae
have
recently
emerged
as
an
economically
viable
fruitful
approach
remediating
appeared
more
competitive,
environmentally
friendly,
even
expedient
opposed
conventional
other
advanced
techniques.
Utilization
along
with
integration
numerous
strategies
such
immobilization
algal
cells,
improvement
consortia,
utilization
microalgal
biofilm
well
advancement
genetic
engineering
for
augmentation
HM
uptake
would
impactful
bioremediation.
This
chapter
aims
focus
sustainable
utility
exclusion
myriad
bioremediation
from
ecosystem
uncovering
mechanisms
recent
advancements
corresponding
phycoremediation
process
restoring
efficient
eco-friendly
manner.
