Impact of climate change on distribution of common leopard (Panthera pardus) and its implication on conservation and conflict in Nepal

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(1), С. e12807 - e12807

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Climate change is projected to create alterations in species distributions over the planet. The common leopard (Panthera pardus) serves an important ecological function as a member of big carnivore guild, but little known about how climate may affect their distribution. In this study, we use MaxEnt simulate geographic by illustrating potential present and future ranges utilizing presence records alongside topographic bioclimatic variables based on two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2-4.5 SSP5-8.5) scenarios. goals study was look into possible distribution leopards due change, well explore implications for conservation conflict with humans. At present, 4% Nepal found be highly suitable leopards, 43% suitable, 19% marginally 34% unsuitable. A large portion climatically habitat confined non-protected areas, majority encompassed forest land, followed agricultural areas. Elevation, mean temperature driest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality were influencing suitability leopard. significant increase observed high mountain region, indicating shift upper elevation areas effects change. We recommend timely management these habitats expand range vulnerable species. same time, combination expanding new poor practices could escalate human-leopard conflict. Therefore, further impact prey proper techniques should prioritized mitigate conflicts.

Язык: Английский

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Climate‐driven decline in the habitat of the endemic spiny babbler (Turdoides nipalensis)

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Abstract Climate change could amplify the extinction risk of endemic species, and is even greater for species occupying high elevations mountain ranges. In this study, we assessed climatically suitable habitat only Nepalese bird spiny babbler ( Turdoides nipalensis ), predicted extent future (2050 2070) under two climate scenarios (SSP2‐4.5 SSP5‐8.5). We used georeferenced occurrence points alongside ecologically meaningful climatic topographic variables to develop an ensemble model using different distribution modeling algorithms in BIOMOD2. identified 22,488.83 km 2 (15%) Nepal's total land area as where nonprotected regions incorporated largest (88%), with a majority within central Mid‐Hill region. Under SSP2‐4.5 scenario, 21.58% 34.08% current range are projected be lost by 2050 2070, respectively. Whereas SSP5‐8.5 our projections suggest that 40.45% 52.18% will Habitat suitability increased rise warmest quarter precipitation (above 1000 mm), coldest between 50 100 mm, temperature 20 30°C. Given results, it crucial review conservation policy areas formulate babbler‐specific action plan special focus on protecting their primary human‐dominated landscapes areas.

Язык: Английский

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Anthropogenic mortality of large mammals and trends of conflict over two decades in Nepal

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2022

Wildlife conservation in human-dominated landscapes faces increased challenges due to rising conflicts between humans and wildlife. We investigated the human wildlife loss rates human-wildlife conflict 2000 2020 Nepal. concentrated on Asian elephant (

Язык: Английский

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Methodological rigour and reporting quality of the literature on wildlife rescue, rehabilitation, and release: a global systematic review

Veterinary Quarterly, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 45(1), С. 1 - 12

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2025

Wildlife rescue, rehabilitation, and release is a global practice with broad body of scientific literature; nonetheless, no studies have assessed quantified the methodological rigour reporting quality this literature. In PRISMA systematic review, we controls, randomisation, blinding, experimental animal data, housing husbandry data in 152 primary on wildlife published between 1980 2021. We then tested for associations study characteristics. Of reviewed studies, one reported control, blinding; 17 species, age, sex, weight, condition; 14 size, location, type food, provision water, enrichment. No all 13 these elements. Studies veterinary-focused journals lower had than other types journals. mammals higher birds reptiles, that included word "welfare" did not. The overall low literature limits replicability applicability impedes meta-analyses.

Язык: Английский

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Trends in Admissions and Outcomes at a British Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre over a Ten-Year Period (2012–2022)

Animals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1), С. 86 - 86

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2023

Millions of animals pass through wildlife rehabilitation centres (WRCs) globally each year, some dying in captivity, others euthanised, and released into the wild. Those caring for these are generally well-intentioned, but skills, knowledge, resources may be limited, potentially compromising animal welfare. WRC databases provide an opportunity to evidence base treatment conservation efforts. 42,841 records admitted over a 10-year period British were analysed. More birds (69.16%) than mammals (30.48%) reptiles amphibians (0.36%). Most admissions summer (48.8%) spring (26.0%) months. A total 9 196 species seen made up 57% admissions, hedgehogs most common (14% all 20% mammals). Juvenile (35.5%) more frequently ‘orphans’ or adults (26.4%). ‘Orphaned’ was also predominant reason admission (28.3%), followed by ‘injured’ (25.5%). 42.6% eventually back wild, 19.2% died 37.2% euthanised; 1% outcomes unknown. The prognosis better orphaned those because injury. Unexpected natural deaths captivity found decline study, consistent with improved early triage. These findings can used focus veterinary training seasonal on case types likely successfully rehabilitated released. have potential contribute our understanding anthropogenic impacts, historical regional variations ecosystem health, resultant implications

Язык: Английский

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Prey selection by leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) in the mid‐hill region of Nepal

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract Information on prey selection and the diet of leopard ( Panthera pardus fusca ) is essential for conservation. We conducted an investigation into species proportion each in leopard's a human‐dominated mid‐hill region Nepal. The analysis 96 scats collected between August 2020 March 2021 revealed that leopards consumed 15 species, including small‐ medium‐sized mammals livestock. In addition to these we also found plastic materials, bird feathers, some unidentified items scats. Wild ungulates (such as barking deer, Muntiacus muntjak wild boar, Sus scrofa constituted only 10% biomass scats, while livestock contributed 27%, other 50%. Among all domestic goats had highest relative followed by jungle cat Felis chaus ), dog Canis familiaris large Indian civet Viverra zibetha ). Similarly, hare Lepus nigricollis individuals present scat samples, civet. A lower from higher dependency indicate shortage prey, such deer habitats. Therefore, conservation especially crucial reducing dependence mitigating human‐leopard conflicts future.

Язык: Английский

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Identifying risk zones and landscape features that affect common leopard depredation

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12, С. e17497 - e17497

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a pressing issue worldwide but varies by species over time and place. One of the most prevalent forms HWC in mid-hills Nepal human-common-leopard (HLC). Leopard attacks, especially forested areas, can severely impact villagers their livestock. Information on HLC Gorkha district was scarce, thus making it an ideal location to identify high-risk zones landscape variables associated with such events. Registered cases were collected reviewed from Division Forest Office (DFO) during 2019-2021. Claims DFO records confirmed herders via eight focus group discussions. To enhance modeling success, researchers identified total 163 leopard attack locations livestock, ensuring minimum distance at least 100 meters between locations. Using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) considering 13 environmental variables, we mapped common risk zones. True Skill Statistics (TSS) area under receiver-operator curve (AUC) used evaluate validate Output. Furthermore, 10 replications, 1,000 iterations, 1000 background points employed modeling. The average AUC value for model, which 0.726 ± 0.021, revealed good accuracy. model performed well, as indicated TSS 0.61 0.03. Of research (27.92 km

Язык: Английский

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Predicting suitable habitat of swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii) across the Western Terai Arc Landscape of Nepal

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(6), С. e16639 - e16639

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Over the last few years, intensifying human impact and deterioration of natural habitats have severely restricted global distribution large herbivores. Rucervus duvaucelii, commonly recognized as swamp deer, is a habitat-specialist endemic herbivore Indian Subcontinent. It classified vulnerable by IUCN listed in CITES Appendix I due to steep decline its population, which primarily anthropogenic causes. In Nepal, remaining population this species confined limited pocket areas within western Terai Arc Landscape. We explored potential habitat for deer across landscape using modelling through MaxEnt algorithm 173 field-verified presence points alongside six anthropogenic, four topographic, vegetation-related variables. Our study found that out total area (9207 km2), only 6% (590 km2) was suitable deer. Approximately 45% incorporated protected areas, with Shuklaphanta National Park harboring largest patch. The suitability discovered be positively associated low-elevation near water sources, far from settlements, implying need conserve sources minimize extension pressure their long-term conservation. Additionally, we suggest implications deer-centric conservation strategy, an emphasis on increasing connectivity corridors landscape-level trans-boundary initiatives between Nepal India. Moreover, considering herbivores' high vulnerability extinction, similar researche incorporating factors utmost importance produce vital information conserving other regionally globally endemic, habitat-specialized

Язык: Английский

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Predicting the potential habitat of bears under a changing climate in Nepal

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 196(11)

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

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DISEASE AND MORTALITY IN FREE-RANGING LEPORIDS IN CANADA, 1990–2019: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Journal of Wildlife Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 60(3)

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024

Passive surveillance of wildlife disease is a valuable tool for the identification emerging and changing patterns. Free-ranging leporids play an important role in their ecosystem culture diet Canadians; however, little known about health status zoonotic pathogens they may carry. We summarized major causes mortality morbidity, as well incidental infections lesions, free-ranging submitted to Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC) between 1990 2019. identified competent hosts several pathogens, most notably Francisella tularensis (20/569; 3.5%). Trauma was frequent cause or morbidity among leporids, accounting 46.0% cases CWHC, followed by bacterial (13.7%) emaciation (5.1%). Human-mediated mortalities, such those involving machines (23.7%), were common trauma case type, with apparently healthy individuals overrepresented within this group. Harvesters proved be resource monitoring diseased infected animals, more than half (69.6%) animals group had infection lesion. The results from study provide scientific understanding Canada relevance public health, biologists, veterinarians, potential future programs.

Язык: Английский

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