The ecological and evolutionary consequences of systemic racism in urban environments

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 369(6510)

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2020

Urban areas are dynamic ecological systems defined by interdependent biological, physical, and social components. The emergent structure heterogeneity of urban landscapes drives biotic outcomes in these areas, such spatial patterns often attributed to the unequal stratification wealth power human societies. Despite patterns, few studies have effectively considered structural inequalities as drivers evolutionary instead focused on indicator variables neighborhood wealth. In this analysis, we explicitly integrate ecology, evolution, processes emphasize relationships that bind inequities-specifically racism-and biological change urbanized landscapes. We draw existing research link racist practices, including residential segregation, heterogeneous flora fauna observed ecologists. future, ecology evolution researchers must consider how racial oppression affect environmental factors drive cities. Conceptual integration sciences has amassed considerable scholarship over past decades, providing a solid foundation for incorporating justice into research. Such an undertaking is necessary deconstruct urbanization's biophysical processes, inform equitable anti-racist initiatives promoting conservation, strengthen community resilience global change.

Язык: Английский

---

Conserving intraspecific variation for nature’s contributions to people

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(5), С. 574 - 582

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Socio‐eco‐evolutionary dynamics in cities

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 14(1), С. 248 - 267

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2020

Abstract Cities are uniquely complex systems regulated by interactions and feedbacks between nature human society. Characteristics of society—including culture, economics, technology politics—underlie social patterns activity, creating a heterogeneous environment that can influence be influenced both ecological evolutionary processes. Increasing research on urban ecology biology has coincided with growing interest in eco‐evolutionary dynamics, which encompasses the reciprocal evolution ecology. Research dynamics frequently focuses contemporary species have potentially substantial ecological—and even social—significance. Still, little work fully integrates rarely do researchers either these fields consider role Because cities fundamentally activities, inherently interconnected undergoing economic transformation, they represent an opportunity for ecologists biologists to study “socio‐eco‐evolutionary dynamics.” Through this new framework, we encourage integrate drivers increase understanding conservation ecosystems, their functions contributions people within outside cities.

Язык: Английский

---

Governing for Transformative Change across the Biodiversity–Climate–Society Nexus

BioScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 72(7), С. 684 - 704

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2022

Abstract Transformative governance is key to addressing the global environmental crisis. We explore how transformative of complex biodiversity–climate–society interactions can be achieved, drawing on first joint report between Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change and Science-Policy Platform Biodiversity Ecosystem Services reflect current opportunities, barriers, challenges for governance. identify principles under a nexus frame using four case studies: forest ecosystems, marine urban environments, Arctic. The are focused creating conditions build multifunctional interventions, integration, innovation across scales; coalitions support; equitable approaches; positive social tipping dynamics. posit that building such not only possible but essential effectively keep climate change within desired 1.5 degrees Celsius mean temperature increase, halt ongoing accelerated decline biodiversity, promote human well-being.

Язык: Английский

---

The Complexity of Urban Eco-evolutionary Dynamics

BioScience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 70(9), С. 772 - 793

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2020

Abstract Urbanization is changing Earth's ecosystems by altering the interactions and feedbacks between fundamental ecological evolutionary processes that maintain life. Humans in cities alter eco-evolutionary play simultaneously both actors stage on which takes place. modifies land surfaces, microclimates, habitat connectivity, networks, food webs, species diversity, composition. These environmental changes can lead to phenotypic, genetic, cultural makeup of wild populations have important consequences for ecosystem function essential services nature provides human society, such as nutrient cycling, pollination, seed dispersal, production, water air purification. Understanding monitoring urbanization-induced inform strategies achieve sustainability. In present article, we propose understanding these dynamics requires rigorous characterization urbanizing regions rapidly evolving, tightly coupled human–natural systems. We explore how emergent properties urbanization affect across space time. identify five key urban drivers change—habitat modification, heterogeneity, novel disturbances, biotic interactions—and highlight direct urbanization-driven change nature's contributions people. Then, emerging complexities—landscape complexity, discontinuities, socio-ecological cross-scale interactions, legacies time lags—that need be tackled future research. evolving metacommunity concept a powerful framework study dynamics.

Язык: Английский

---

Adaptive Evolution in Cities: Progress and Misconceptions

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 36(3), С. 239 - 257

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Urban Biodiversity and the Importance of Scale

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 36(2), С. 123 - 131

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Coupled human and natural systems: The evolution and applications of an integrated framework

AMBIO, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 50(10), С. 1778 - 1783

Опубликована: Март 15, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Evolution in Cities

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 52(1), С. 519 - 540

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2021

Although research performed in cities will not uncover new evolutionary mechanisms, it could provide unprecedented opportunities to examine the interplay of forces ways and avenues address classic questions. However, while variation within among affords many advance biology research, careful alignment between how are used questions being asked is necessary maximize insights that can be gained. In this review, we develop a framework help guide urban evolution approaches Using framework, highlight what has been accomplished date field identify several up-and-coming directions for further expansion. We conclude environments as test beds tackle both long-standing biology.

Язык: Английский

---

Pesticide resistance in arthropods: Ecology matters too

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(8), С. 1746 - 1759

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2022

Pesticide resistance development is an example of rapid contemporary evolution that poses immense challenges for agriculture. It typically evolves due to the strong directional selection pesticide treatments exert on herbivorous arthropods. However, recent research suggests some species are more prone evolve than others their evolutionary history and standing genetic variation. Generalist might develop especially rapidly pre-adaptation handle a wide array plant allelochemicals. Moreover, has shown adaptation novel host plants could lead increased resistance. Exploring such cross-resistance between range from ecological perspective needed understand its causes consequences better. Much has, however, been devoted molecular mechanisms underlying while both contexts facilitate have under-studied. Here, we take eco-evolutionary approach discuss circumstances may in arthropods plant-arthropod interactions target non-target interactions. Furthermore, suggest future avenues practical implications understanding evolution.

Язык: Английский

---