Neotropical Entomology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
53(4), С. 889 - 906
Опубликована: Май 7, 2024
Increased
attention
is
being
focused
on
the
biological
control
of
agricultural
pests
using
microorganisms,
owing
to
their
potential
as
a
viable
substitute
for
chemical
methods.
Insect
cadavers
constitute
source
entomopathogenic
microorganisms.
We
tested
whether
bacteria
and
fungi
isolated
from
Spodoptera
frugiperda
(JE
Smith)
could
affect
its
survival,
development,
egg-laying
pattern,
hatchability,
well
induce
mortality
in
Anthonomus
grandis
Boheman
adults.
Enterobacter
hormaechei
Serratia
marcescens
Scopulariopsis
sp.
Aspergillus
nomiae
fall
armyworm
pest
insects
were
subjected
an
artificial
diet
enriched
with
cells
or
fungal
spores
be
tested,
case
S.
frugiperda,
only
A.
grandis.
pathogenic
affecting
survival
adults
pupae.
The
fungus
does
not
caterpillars
pupae;
however,
due
late
action,
moths
eggs
may
affected.
also
increased
adults,
development
early
stages
exposure
diet,
indicated
by
vertical
spore
transfer
offspring
low
hatchability.
are
biocontrol
agents
these
pests,
warrant
further
investigation
toxicological
point
view
subsequently
field
tests
involving
formulations
that
improve
sustainability
practices.
Insects,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(6), С. 547 - 547
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2021
The
biodiversity
of
useful
organisms,
e.g.,
insects,
decreases
due
to
many
environmental
factors
and
increasing
anthropopressure.
Multifunctional
tissues,
such
as
the
fat
body,
are
key
elements
in
proper
functioning
invertebrate
organisms
resistance
factors.
body
is
center
metabolism,
integrating
signals,
controlling
molting
metamorphosis,
synthesizing
hormones
that
control
whole
synthesis
immune
system
proteins.
In
cells,
lipids,
carbohydrates
proteins
substrates
products
pathways
can
be
used
for
energy
production,
accumulate
reserves,
mobilize
at
appropriate
stage
life
(diapause,
flight),
determining
survival
an
individual.
main
tissue
responsible
innate
acquired
humoral
immunity.
produces
bactericidal
polypeptides,
i.e.,
lysozyme.
also
important
early
stages
insect’s
production
vitellogenin,
yolk
protein
needed
development
oocytes.
Although
a
lot
information
available
on
its
structure
biochemistry,
interesting
research
topic
which
much
still
discovered.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(7), С. 3835 - 3835
Опубликована: Март 29, 2024
Antimicrobial
peptides
(AMPs),
as
immune
effectors
synthesized
by
a
variety
of
organisms,
not
only
constitute
robust
defense
mechanism
against
broad
spectrum
pathogens
in
the
host
but
also
show
promising
applications
effective
antimicrobial
agents.
Notably,
insects
are
significant
reservoirs
natural
AMPs.
However,
complex
array
variations
types,
quantities,
activities,
and
production
pathways
AMPs,
well
evolution
AMPs
across
insect
species,
presents
challenge
for
immunity
system
understanding
AMP
applications.
This
review
covers
discoveries,
classification,
common
properties,
mechanisms
action.
Additionally,
activities
immune-related
each
model
summarized.
We
conducted
first
comprehensive
investigation
into
diversity,
distribution,
20
types
insects,
employing
phylogenetic
analysis
to
describe
their
evolutionary
relationships
shed
light
on
conserved
distinctive
families.
Furthermore,
we
summarize
regulatory
through
classical
signaling
additional
associated
with
Nitric
Oxide,
insulin-like
signaling,
hormones.
advances
our
guardians
systems
unlocks
gateway
resources,
facilitating
use
address
food
safety
concerns.
The Innovation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(5), С. 100675 - 100675
Опубликована: Июль 14, 2024
•Increased
titer
of
the
insect
hormone
20-hydroxyecdysone
(20E)
facilitates
an
host,
Plutella
xylostella,
to
defeat
its
bacterial
pathogen
Bacillus
thuringiensis
(Bt).•Glucose
dehydrogenase
(GLD)
was
identified
as
a
new
ecdysone-degrading
enzyme
that
can
metabolize
20E.•A
midgut
miRNA
initiated
epigenetic
regulatory
pathway
represses
GLD
activity
and
elevates
20E
resist
Bt
pathogen.•An
as-yet
uncharacterized
negative
feedback
loop
reduces
excess
balance
hormonal
homeostasis.•This
study
provides
insights
into
immunological
landscape
classical
hormones
molecular
basis
host-pathogen
coevolution.
Mounting
evidence
suggests
associated
with
growth
development
also
participate
in
defense.
We
have
discovered
previously
undescribed
transcriptional
control
modulates
availability
worldwide
pest
(Plutella
xylostella),
allowing
it
major
virulence
factor
(Bt).
A
reduction
inhibitor
(PxDfd)
increases
expression
microRNA
(miR-8545),
which
turn
newly
ecdysteroid-degrading
glucose
(PxGLD).
Downregulation
PxGLD
degradation
increase
concurrently
triggers
mitigate
overproduction.
The
moderately
elevated
activates
MAPK
signaling
tolerance/resistance.
These
findings
deepen
our
understanding
functions
attributed
these
help
inform
potential
future
strategies
be
employed
pests.
Frontiers in Physiology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2022
Steroid
hormones
are
responsible
for
coordinating
many
aspects
of
biological
processes
in
most
multicellular
organisms,
including
insects.
Ecdysteroid,
the
principal
insect
steroid
hormone,
is
biosynthesized
from
dietary
cholesterol
or
plant
sterols.
In
last
20
years,
a
number
ecdysteroidogenic
enzymes,
Noppera-bo,
Neverland,
Shroud,
Spook/Spookier,
Cyp6t3,
Phantom,
Disembodied,
Shadow,
and
Shade,
have
been
identified
characterized
molecular
genetic
studies
using
fruit
fly
Drosophila
melanogaster
.
These
enzymes
encoded
by
genes
collectively
called
Halloween
genes.
The
transcriptional
regulatory
network,
governed
multiple
regulators
transcription,
chromatin
remodeling,
endoreplication,
has
shown
to
be
essential
spatiotemporal
expression
control
D.
melanogaster.
this
review,
we
summarize
latest
information
on
that
crucial
controlling
ecdysteroid
biosynthetic
their
roles
development.
Abstract
Background
The
insect
hemolymph
(blood-equivalent
fluid),
composed
of
a
large
number
hemocytes
(blood
cells)
and
variety
soluble
immune
effectors,
is
hostile
for
pathogens
including
fungi.
In
order
to
survive
in
the
hemocoel
(body
cavity),
entomopathogenic
fungus
(EPF)
has
evolved
two
classical
coping
strategies,
namely
evasion
suppression
host
reactions.
However,
it
remains
unclear
whether
EPF
other
ways
with
immunity.
Results
this
study,
we
demonstrated
that
Metarhizium
rileyi
(an
EPF)
infection
by
injection
blastospores
into
enhanced
plasma
antibacterial
activity
cotton
bollworm
(
Helicoverpa
armigera
),
which
was
partially
due
expression
antimicrobial
peptides
(AMPs).
early
stage
M.
induced
translocation
gut
bacteria
hemocoel,
where
they
were
subsequently
cleared
activity.
Further,
showed
AMP
attributable
but
not
invasive
(opportunistic
bacteria).
Elevated
ecdysone
(major
steroid
hormone
insects)
levels
at
48
h
post-
might
contribute
AMPs.
fungus-elicited
AMPs,
such
as
cecropin
3
or
lebocin,
exhibited
potent
inhibitory
against
opportunistic
hyphal
bodies.
addition,
competed
bodies
amino
acid
nutrients.
Conclusions
bacteria,
then
fungi
activated
exploited
its
humoral
immunity
eliminate
preventing
them
from
competing
nutrients
hemolymph.
Unlike
utilizes
evade
suppress
immunity,
our
findings
reveal
novel
strategy
interaction
between
Current Opinion in Insect Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
52, С. 100924 - 100924
Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2022
Most
insects
exhibit
high
reproductive
capacity,
which
demands
large
amounts
of
energy,
including
macronutrients
and
micronutrients.
Interestingly,
many
proteins
involved
in
oogenesis
depend
on
metals
ions,
particular
iron
(Fe),
zinc
(Zn),
copper
(Cu).
Mechanisms
by
metal
ions
influence
reproduction
have
been
described
Drosophila
melanogaster,
but
remain
poorly
understood
hematophagous
where
blood
meals
include
significant
ingestion
ions.
Moreover,
there
is
evidence
that
some
immunity
could
dual
function
both
processes.
This
review
highlights
the
importance
non-hematophagous
insects.
In
addition,
we
discuss
how
optimize
physiological
processes
using
crosstalk
between
physiology
immunity,
a
double-edge
sword
allocating
their
functions
to
protect
insect
ensure
reproduction.
PLoS Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
18(9), С. e1010837 - e1010837
Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2022
The
balance
between
immunity
and
reproduction
is
essential
for
many
key
physiological
functions.
We
report
that
to
maintain
an
optimal
fertility,
20-hydroxyecdysone
(20E)
the
ecdysone
receptor
(EcR)
downregulate
immune
deficiency
(IMD)
pathway
during
post
blood
meal
phase
(PBM)
of
Aedes
aegypti
reproductive
cycle.
RNA
interference-mediated
depletion
EcR
elicited
increased
expression
IMD
components,
these
mosquitoes
were
more
resistant
infection
by
Gram-negative
bacteria.
Moreover,
20E
recruit
Pirk-like,
mosquito
ortholog
Drosophila
melanogaster
Pirk.
CRISPR-Cas9
knockout
Pirk-like
has
shown
it
represses
interfering
with
IMD-mediated
formation
amyloid
aggregates.
disruption
pivotal
maintaining
normal
yolk
protein
production
fertility.
Additionally,
its
directly
induce
interfere
cRHIM-mediated
amyloid.
Our
study
highlights
vital
role
in
governing
trade-off
reproduction.
might
be
a
potential
target
new
methods
control
pathogen
transmission.
Journal of Experimental Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
226(24)
Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023
Insects
are
the
most
diverse
animal
group
on
planet.
Their
success
is
reflected
by
diversity
of
habitats
in
which
they
live.
However,
these
have
undergone
great
changes
recent
decades;
understanding
how
affect
insect
health
and
fitness
an
important
challenge
for
conservation.
In
this
Review,
we
focus
research
that
links
nutritional
environment
with
infection
immune
status
insects.
We
first
discuss
from
field
immunology,
then
investigate
factors
such
as
intracellular
extracellular
symbionts,
sociality
transgenerational
effects
may
interact
connection
between
nutrition
immunity.
show
interactions
resistance
can
be
highly
specific
to
species
and/or
type
-
almost
certainly
due
social
life
cycles,
varied
environments
insects
Hence,
connections
cannot
easily
generalised
across
finally
suggest
other
environmental
aspects
use
agrochemicals
climatic
might
also
influence
interaction
resistance,
highlight
essential.
