Actions of melatonin in the reduction of oxidative stress

Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2000, Номер 7(6), С. 444 - 458

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2000

Язык: Английский

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Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 16(12), С. 29592 - 29630

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2015

Heavy metals, which have widespread environmental distribution and originate from natural anthropogenic sources, are common pollutants. In recent decades, their contamination has increased dramatically because of continuous discharge in sewage untreated industrial effluents. Because they non-degradable, persist the environment; accordingly, received a great deal attention owing to potential health risks. Although toxic effects metals depend on forms routes exposure, interruptions intracellular homeostasis include damage lipids, proteins, enzymes DNA via production free radicals. Following exposure heavy metabolism subsequent excretion body depends presence antioxidants (glutathione, α-tocopherol, ascorbate, etc.) associated with quenching radicals by suspending activity (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase). Therefore, this review was written provide deep understanding mechanisms involved eliciting toxicity order highlight necessity for development strategies decrease these as well identify substances that contribute significantly overcome hazardous within living organisms.

Язык: Английский

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Extrapineal melatonin: sources, regulation, and potential functions

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 71(16), С. 2997 - 3025

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2014

Язык: Английский

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Biochemical Reactivity of Melatonin with Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: A Review of the Evidence

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, Год журнала: 2001, Номер 34(2), С. 237 - 256

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2001

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin as a Hormone: New Physiological and Clinical Insights

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 39(6), С. 990 - 1028

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2018

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to humans. In vertebrates, besides produced peripheral tissues and acting as an autocrine paracrine signal, melatonin centrally synthetized by neuroendocrine organ, the pineal gland. Independently of considered species, hormone always during night its production secretory episode duration are directly dependent on length night. As tightly linked light/dark cycle, main hormonal systemic integrative action coordinate behavioral physiological adaptations environmental geophysical day season. The circadian signal daily regularity, contrast between concentrations, specially developed ways action. During episode, coordinates adaptive physiology through immediate effects primes responses prospective that will only appear at daytime, when absent. Similarly, annual history central nervous/endocrine system seasons come. Remarkably, maternal programs fetuses' behavior cope with cycle season after birth. These unique turn into biological time-domain–acting molecule. review focuses above considerations, proposes putative classification clinical dysfunctions, discusses general guidelines therapeutic use melatonin.

Язык: Английский

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Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 20(1), С. 49 - 65

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress: a newly-discovered genre for melatonin

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 44(4), С. 175 - 200

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2009

The discovery of melatonin and its derivatives as antioxidants has stimulated a very large number studies which have, virtually uniformly, documented the ability these molecules to detoxify harmful reactants reduce molecular damage. These observations have clear clinical implications given that numerous age-related diseases in humans an important free radical component. Moreover, major theory explain processes aging invokes radicals their causative agents. conditions, coupled with loss organisms age, suggest some aspects may be aggravated by diminished levels advanced age. Another corollary this is administration melatonin, uncommonly low toxicity profile, could theoretically defer progression possibly forestall signs aging. Certainly, research next decade will help define role determining successful While increasing life span not necessarily goal investigative efforts, improving health quality aged should aim research.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin and Its Relation to the Immune System and Inflammation

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2000, Номер 917(1), С. 376 - 386

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2000

A bstract : Melatonin ( N ‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) was initially thought to be produced exclusively in the pineal gland. Subsequently its synthesis demonstrated other organs, for example, retinas, and very high concentrations of melatonin are found at sites, bone marrow cells bile. The origin level these locations has not been definitively established, but it is likely origin. shown possess anti‐inflammatory effects, among a number actions. reduces tissue destruction during inflammatory reactions by means. Thus melatonin, virtue ability directly scavenge toxic free radicals, macromolecular damage all organs. radicals reactive oxygen nitrogen species known scavenged include highly hydroxyl radical (·OH), peroxynitrite anion (ONOO − ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), others. These agents contribute response associated destruction. Additionally, means lower resulting from inflammation. Thus, prevents translocation nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) nucleus binding DNA, thereby reducing upregulation variety proinflammatory cytokines, interleukins tumor neurosis factor‐alpha. Finally, there indirect evidence that inhibits production adhesion molecules promote sticking leukocytes endothelial cells. By this attenuates transendothelial cell migration edema, which damage.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin: reducing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of drugs

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2002, Номер 54(10), С. 1299 - 1321

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2002

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a molecule with very wide phylogenetic distribution from plants to man. In vertebrates, melatonin was initially thought be exclusively of pineal origin recent studies have shown, however, that synthesis may occur in variety cells and organs. The concentration within body fluids subcellular compartments varies widely, blood levels the indole being lower than those at many other sites. Thus, when defining what constitutes physiological level melatonin, it must defined relative specific compartment. has been shown functions, research last decade proven both direct free radical scavenger indirect antioxidant. Because these actions, possibly others remain defined, reduce toxicity increase efficacy large number drugs whose side effects are well documented. Herein, we summarize beneficial combined following drugs: doxorubicin, cisplatin, epirubicin, cytarabine, bleomycin, gentamicin, ciclosporin, indometacin, acetylsalicylic acid, ranitidine, omeprazole, isoniazid, iron erythropoietin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, haloperidol, caposide-50, morphine, cyclophosphamide L-cysteine. While majority were conducted using animals, investigations also used Considering low its ability drugs, use as combination therapy agents seems important worthy pursuit.

Язык: Английский

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A brief review about melatonin, a pineal hormone

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 62(4), С. 472 - 479

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2018

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule in nature, being locally synthesized several cells and tissues, besides hormone that centrally produced the pineal gland of vertebrates, particularly mammals. Its synthesis timed by suprachiasmatic nucleus, synchronized to light-dark cycle via retinohypothalamic tract, placing melatonin at night, provided its dark. This unique trait turns into an internal synchronizer adequately times organism's physiology daily seasonal demands. Besides amphiphilic, presents specific mechanisms ways action devoted role as time-giving agent, widely spread organism. The present review aims focus on with action, presenting clinical syndromes related and/or function disruptions.

Язык: Английский

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