Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
10(5), С. 2320 - 2338
Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2020
In
most
species
with
internal
fertilization,
male
genitalia
evolve
faster
than
other
morphological
structures.
This
holds
true
for
genital
titillators,
which
are
used
exclusively
during
mating
in
several
bushcricket
subfamilies.
Several
theories
have
been
proposed
the
sexual
selection
forces
driving
evolution
of
genitalia,
especially
sperm
competition,
sexually
antagonistic
coevolution
(SAC),
and
cryptic
female
choice
(CFC).
However,
it
is
unclear
whether
can
be
described
a
single
hypothesis
or
combination
them.
The
study
species-specific
action
could
contribute
to
controversial
debate
about
underlying
selective
evolutionary
forces.
We
studied
behaviors
response
experimentally
modified
titillators
phylogenetically
nested
set
four
species:
Roeseliana
roeselii,
Pholidoptera
littoralis
littoralis,
Tettigonia
viridissima
(of
subfamily
Tettigoniinae),
Letana
inflata
(Phaneropterinae).
Bushcricket
potential
functions;
they
stimulate
females
suppress
resistance,
ensure
proper
ampulla
spermatophore
attachment,
facilitate
fixation.
R.
accept
copulations,
supporting
by
CFC.
Conversely,
titillator
modification
had
no
observable
effect
on
female's
behavior
T.
viridissima.
Ph.
l.
mechanically
support
position
transfer,
pointing
SAC.
Mixed
was
found
L.
inflata,
where
manipulation
resulted
increased
resistance
(evidence
CFC)
failures
reduced
transfer
success
SAC).
Sexual
highly
mosaic
either
both
species.
Behavioral Ecology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
32(5), С. 781 - 794
Опубликована: Май 11, 2021
Sexual
selection
is
a
key
component
of
evolutionary
biology.
However,
from
the
very
formulation
sexual
by
Darwin,
nature
and
extent
have
been
controversial.
Recently,
such
controversy
has
led
back
to
fundamental
question
just
what
is.
This
included
how
we
incorporate
female-female
reproductive
competition
into
or
natural
selection.
In
this
review,
do
four
things.
First,
examine
want
definition
do.
Second,
define
selection:
Integrative and Comparative Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
63(4), С. 946 - 959
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023
Synopsis
How
did
plant
sexuality
come
to
so
hauntingly
resemble
human
sexual
formations?
biology
theorize
with
binary
formulations
of
male/female,
sex/gender,
sperm/egg,
active
males
and
passive
females—all
which
western
categories
sex,
gender,
sexuality?
Tracing
the
extant
language
sex
in
reproductive
biology,
we
examine
histories
science
explore
how
emerged
historically
from
formations
colonial
racial
politics
evolutionary
was
premised
on
imaginations
racialized
heterosexual
romance.
Drawing
key
examples,
paper
aims
(un)read
anatomy
bodies
imagine
new
possibilities
for
sexualities,
their
relationalities.
In
short,
are
not
two
different
objects
inquiry
but
intimately
related—it
is
inter-relation
that
focus
this
essay.
One
impulses
humanities
bring
essay
a
careful
consideration
terms
terminologies
related
each
other
culturally.
anthropomorphizing
plants,
if
were
modeled
formations,
might
re-imagination
open
vistas
biological
sciences?
While
our
definitions
will
always
be
informed
by
contemporary
society
culture,
interrogating
theories
can
help
us
reimagine
allows
more
accurate
understandings
evolution
reproduction.
Evolution,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
73(12), С. 2415 - 2435
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2019
Rapid
divergence
in
external
genital
structures
occurs
nearly
all
animal
groups
that
practice
internal
insemination;
explaining
this
pattern
is
a
major
challenge
evolutionary
biology.
The
hypothesis
species‐specific
differences
male
genitalia
evolved
under
sexual
selection
as
courtship
devices
to
influence
cryptic
female
choice
(CFC)
has
been
slow
be
accepted.
Doubts
may
stem
from
its
radical
departure
previous
ideas,
observational
difficulties
because
crucial
events
occur
hidden
within
the
female's
body,
and
alternative
hypotheses
involving
biologically
important
phenomena
such
speciation,
sperm
competition,
male‐female
conflicts
of
interest.
We
assess
current
status
CFC
by
reviewing
data
two
which
predictions
have
especially
well‐tested,
Glossina
tsetse
flies
Roeseliana
(formerly
Metrioptera)
roeselii
bushcrickets.
Eighteen
confirmed
19
Roeseliana.
found
justifying
rejection
hypotheses,
but
none
contradicted
predictions.
number
extent
tests
confirming
these
species
greater
than
for
other
generally
accepted
regarding
functions
nongenital
structures.
By
criterion,
it
reasonable
conclude
some
both
likely
involved
CFC.
The
model
organism
Drosophila
melanogaster
has
become
a
focal
system
for
investigations
of
rapidly
evolving
genital
morphology
as
well
the
development
and
functions
insect
reproductive
structures.
To
follow
up
on
previous
paper
outlining
unifying
terminology
structures
male
terminalia
in
this
species,
we
offer
here
detailed
description
female
D.
melanogaster.
Informative
diagrams
micrographs
are
presented
to
provide
comprehensive
overview
external
internal
females.
We
propose
collection
terms
definitions
standardize
associated
with
correspondence
table
previously
used.
Unifying
both
males
females
species
will
help
facilitate
communication
between
various
disciplines,
aid
synthesizing
research
across
publications
within
discipline
that
historically
focused
principally
features.
Our
efforts
refine
should
expand
utility
important
addressing
questions
related
evolution
animal
genitalia,
general.
JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1), С. 65 - 88
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Zusammenfassung
Die
Vulva
stellt
als
periorifizielles
Hautareal
eine
Übergangszone
dar;
dies
bedingt
funktionelle
und
physiologische
Besonderheiten.
In
der
Allgemeinbevölkerung
bei
medizinischem
Fachpersonal
sind
Kenntnisse
zur
Anatomie
unzureichend;
unrealistische
Vorstellungen
bezüglich
des
Normalbefundes
verbreitet.
Anatomische
Normalvarianten
können
Nichtkenntnis
sowohl
Patientinnen
auch
Untersuchende
beunruhigen.
Neoplastische
Vulvaerkrankungen
werden
in
Deutschland
meist
durch
Fachärztinnen
Fachärzte
für
Frauenheilkunde
Geburtshilfe
behandelt,
chronisch
entzündliche
Dermatosen,
welche
häufig
den
weiblichen
Genitalbereich
betreffen
(zum
Beispiel
Psoriasis,
atopische
Dermatitis,
Hidradenitis
suppurativa,
Vitiligo),
überwiegend
Haut‐
Geschlechtskrankheiten.
Infektiöse
Vulvadermatosen
sexuell
übertragbare
Infektionen
gleichermaßen
von
beiden
Fachbereichen
versorgt.
Einige
Dermatosen
treten
gehäuft
an
auf;
die
Nomenklatur
Verwechslungsgefahr
(Lichen
sclerosus,
Lichen
planus,
simplex
chronicus).
Dieser
Artikel
bietet
Übersicht
über
Grundlagen
Vulvaanatomie
‐physiologie
gibt
Empfehlungen
zu
Diagnostik
Therapie
häufigsten
mit
einem
Schwerpunkt
auf
um
praktische
Hilfestellung
im
Alltag
alle
beteiligten
Behandlerinnen
Behandler
bieten.
interdisziplinäre
Zusammenarbeit
Etablierung
Schwerpunktsprechstunden
Versorgung
verbessern.
Evolution,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
75(4), С. 931 - 944
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2021
Sexual
selection
is
thought
to
shape
phylogenetic
diversity
by
affecting
speciation
or
extinction
rates.
However,
the
net
effect
of
sexual
on
diversification
hard
predict
because
many
hypothesized
effects
have
opposing
signs
and
uncertain
magnitudes.
Theoretical
work
also
suggests
that
should
depend
strongly
ecological
factors,
though
this
prediction
has
seldom
been
tested.
Here,
we
test
whether
variation
in
can
rates
across
passerine
birds
(up
5812
species,
covering
most
genera)
relationship
mediated
environmental
factors.
Male-biased
selection,
specifically
size
dimorphism,
predicted
two
three
measures
examined.
The
link
observed
between
was
independent
variability,
species
with
smaller
ranges
had
higher
There
no
association
any
proxies
rate.
Our
findings
support
view
male-biased
as
measured
frequent
predictors
male-male
competition,
shaped
largest
radiation
birds.
Integrative and Comparative Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
62(3), С. 533 - 541
Опубликована: Март 28, 2022
Abstract
The
evolution
of
female
genitalia
has
historically
received
less
attention
than
male
reproductive
organs.
Several
papers
have
underscored
the
disparities
in
research
efforts,
but
calls
for
change
resonated
with
scientific
community
and
rectified
skew?
A
literature
review
was
conducted
journal
articles
published
between
2013
through
2021
that
explore
genital
to
determine
if
gender
bias
(sex
subject)
imbalance
researcher)
changed.
Of
334
specifically
explored
evolution,
first
authors
both
sexes
on
half
as
often
genitalia,
although
majority
sexes.
First
mentioned
females
after
males
substantially
more
before
males.
Female
most
about
all
taxa
except
insects
arachnids.
high
impact
journals
marginally
authors.
Articles
across
generally
had
factors,
how
factors
number
citations
varied
by
sex
subject
not
clear.
Although
studies
exploring
co-evolution
increased
years,
continue
be
researched
when
only
one
is
investigated.
Both
scientists
are
publishing
field
subjects
lag
behind
males,
demonstrating
continued
within
discipline.
