Enhancing rice panicle branching and grain yield through tissue-specific brassinosteroid inhibition

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 383(6687)

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

Crop yield potential is constrained by the inherent trade-offs among traits such as between grain size and number. Brassinosteroids (BRs) promote size, yet their role in regulating number unclear. By deciphering clustered-spikelet rice germplasm, we show that activation of BR catabolic gene BRASSINOSTEROID-DEFICIENT DWARF3 ( BRD3 ) markedly increases We establish a molecular pathway which signaling inhibitor GSK3/SHAGGY-LIKE KINASE2 phosphorylates stabilizes OsMADS1 transcriptional factor, targets TERMINAL FLOWER1 -like RICE CENTRORADIALIS2 . The tissue-specific secondary branch meristems enhances panicle branching, minimizing negative effects on improves yield. Our study showcases power hormonal manipulation dismantling various thus unleashing crop rice.

Язык: Английский

---

Crop Lodging and The Roles of Lignin, Cellulose, and Hemicellulose in Lodging Resistance

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(8), С. 1795 - 1795

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2022

With increasingly frequent extreme weather events, lodging has become an important limiting factor for crop yield and quality mechanical harvesting. Lodging resistance is a precondition “super high yield” crops, the question of how to achieve guarantee urgent scientific problem. Here, we summarize anatomical results stems find that closely related stem components. Therefore, focus on roles lignin, cellulose hemicellulose, which provide rigidity strength, in resistance. By combing synthetic regulatory molecular network only some genes involved biosynthesis regulation cellulose, hemicellulose have been shown significantly affect However, many relevant remain be studied sufficient detail determine whether they can applied breeding This work provides valuable information future studies

Язык: Английский

---

Loss‐function mutants of OsCKX gene family based on CRISPR‐Cas systems revealed their diversified roles in rice

The Plant Genome, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023

Abstract Cytokinin (CTK) is an important plant hormone that promotes cell division, controls differentiation, and regulates a variety of growth development processes. oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) irreversible cytokinin‐degrading enzyme affects by regulating the dynamic balance CTKs synthesis degradation. There are presumed 11 members CKX gene family in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but limited have been reported. In this study, based on CRISPR‐Cas9 CRISPR‐Cas12a genome‐editing technology, we established complete set OsCKX1‐OsCKX11 single‐gene mutants, as well double‐gene triple‐gene mutants different OsCKXs combinations with high similarity. The results revealed outperformed Cas9 to generate biallelic mutations, multi‐gene more diverse genotypes. And then, found, except reported OsCKX2 , OsCKX4 OsCKX9 OsCKX11 OsCKX5, OsCKX6, OsCKX7 OsCKX8 also had significant effects agronomic traits such height, panicle size, grain number per rice. addition, loss‐of‐function OsCKX genes changed seed appearance quality starch composition. Interestingly, comparing found functional redundancy among same phylogenetic clade. These data collectively reveal diversified capabilities rice, provide valuable reference for further molecular breeding.

Язык: Английский

---

Genetic basis controlling rice plant architecture and its modification for breeding

Breeding Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 73(1), С. 3 - 45

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the history of artificial selection domestication post-domestication breeding, architecture rice has significantly changed from its wild ancestor to fulfil requirements in agriculture. We review recent studies on developmental biology by focusing components determining plant architecture; meristems, leaves, tillers, stems, inflorescences roots. also highlight natural variations that affected these structures were utilized cultivars. Importantly, many core regulators identified mutants have been breeding as weak alleles moderately affecting architectures. Given a surge functional genomics genome editing, genetic mechanisms underlying discussed here will provide theoretical basis push further forward not only but other crops their relatives.

Язык: Английский

---

Spatially distributed cytokinins: Metabolism, signaling, and transport

Plant Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(7), С. 100936 - 100936

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

Cytokinins are mobile phytohormones that regulate plant growth, development, and environmental adaptability. The major cytokinin species include isopentenyl adenine (iP), trans-zeatin (tZ), cis-zeatin (cZ), dihydrozeatin (DZ). spatial distributions of different in organelles, cells, tissues, organs primarily shaped by biosynthesis via isopentenyltransferases (IPT), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, 5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase conjugation or catabolism glycosyltransferase oxidase/dehydrogenase. bind to histidine receptor kinases the endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane relay signals response regulators nucleus shuttle proteins known as phosphotransfer proteins. movements cytokinins from sites signal perception usually require long-distance, intercellular, intracellular transport. In past decade, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, purine permeases (PUP), AZA-GUANINE RESISTANT (AZG) equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT), Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported (SWEET) have been characterized involved transport processes. This review begins introducing various subcellular localizations their metabolism signaling. Highlights focus on an inventory compartmentalization, including transport, regulation cues. Future directions for research also discussed.

Язык: Английский

---

A simple and efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system permits ultra-multiplex genome editing in plants

The Crop Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2), С. 569 - 582

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

The development and maturation of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system provides a valuable tool for plant functional genomics genetic improvement. Currently available genome-editing tools have limited number targets, restricting their application in research. In this study, we developed novel CRISPR/Cas9 ultra-multiplex consisting two template vectors, eight donor four destination one primer-design software package. By combining advantages Golden Gate cloning to assemble multiple repetitive fragments Gateway recombination large by changing structure amplicons used sgRNA expression cassettes, can single binary vector targeting more than 40 genomic loci. A rice knockout containing 49 cassettes was assembled high co-editing efficiency observed. This advances synthetic biology engineering.

Язык: Английский

---

Genetic and molecular factors in determining grain number per panicle of rice

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2022

It was suggested that the most effective way to improve rice grain yield is increase number per panicle (GN) through breeding practice in recent decades. GN a representative quantitative trait affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Understanding mechanisms controlling has become an important research field biotechnology breeding. The regulation of coordinately controlled architecture branch differentiation, many GN-associated genes showed pleiotropic effect regulating tillering, size, flowering time, other domestication-related traits. also revealed determination closely related vascular development metabolism some phytohormones. In this review, we summarize findings discuss molecular regulators.

Язык: Английский

---

Cytokinins regulate rice lamina joint development and leaf angle

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 191(1), С. 56 - 69

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2022

Leaf angle is determined by lamina joint inclination and an important agronomic trait that determines plant architecture, photosynthetic efficiency, crop yield. Cytokinins (CKs) are phytohormones involved in shaping rice (Oryza sativa L.) but their role leaf remains unknown. Here, we report CK accumulation mediated OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE3 (OsCKX3) controls development negatively regulates angle. Phenotypic analysis showed osckx3 mutants had smaller angles, while the overexpression lines (OsCKX3-OE) larger angles. Histological sections indicated changes OsCKX3-OE resulted from asymmetric proliferation of cells vascular bundles joint. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR, promoter-fused β-glucuronidase expression, subcellular localization assays OsCKX3 was highly expressed joint, OsCKX3-GFP fusion protein localized to endoplasmic reticulum. The enzyme using recombinant revealed prefers trans-zeatin (tZ) isopentenyladenine (iP). Consistently, tZ iP levels increased decreased lines. Interestingly, grown paddy field displayed a enhanced primary branch number, grain size, 1,000-grain weight, flag size. Collectively, our results enhancing disrupting angle, highlighting pathway can be engineered reduce possibly other cereals.

Язык: Английский

---

Progress in the study of functional genes related to direct seeding of rice

Molecular Breeding, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(6)

Опубликована: Май 24, 2023

Rice is a major food crop in the world. Owing to shortage of rural labor and development agricultural mechanization, direct seeding has become main method rice cultivation. At present, problems faced by are low whole seedling rate, serious weeds, easy lodging middle late stages growth. Along with rapid functional genomics, functions large number genes have been confirmed, including seed vigor, low-temperature tolerance germination, oxygen growth, early root resistance lodging, other related rice. A review not yet reported. In this study, summarized comprehensively understand genetic basis mechanism action lay foundation for further basic theoretical research breeding application

Язык: Английский

---

Gene editing tool kit in millets: present status and future directions

The Nucleus, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 67(1), С. 157 - 179

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

---