The metabolic syndrome – What is it and how should it be managed?

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(2_suppl), С. 33 - 46

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2019

A cluster of metabolic factors have been merged into an entity named the syndrome. Although characteristics this syndrome varied over time presently used definition was established in 2009. The presence three abnormal findings out five components qualifies a person for syndrome: elevated waist circumference, triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose. Cut points defined all apart from which national or regional values are used. predicts cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes. This associated risk does not exceed its whereof is most frequent. successful management should, however, address involved. always based on healthy lifestyle choices but has infrequently to be supported by pharmacological treatment, especially lowering drugs. useful example importance multiple targets preventive interventions. To individualized least when it comes therapy. Frail elderly people should over-treated. Knowledge transfer how act accompanied continuous trust building motivation. In complex situations with mix biological factors, adverse social conditions unhealthy lifestyle, everything cannot changed at once. It better aim small steps that lasting than large, unsustainable relapses behaviours. will afflicted components, reason sustained very long time. review summarizes knowledge according present state art.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Probiotics on Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(1), С. 124 - 124

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether the use probiotics has any effect on components metabolic syndrome (MetS) before patients develop type 2 diabetes. A qualitative review, following Cochrane methodology, and a comprehensive literature search randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted in PubMed Scopus from inception until 4 July 2019. According our inclusion criteria, nine clinical studies finally analyzed, corresponding six RCTs. Probiotics intake with MetS resulted improvements body mass index, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid profile some studies. Regarding inflammatory biomarkers, also positively affected soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), endothelial growth (VEGF), thrombomodulin. Despite diversity published studies, for may offer discrete improvement characteristics decrease biomarkers. Nevertheless, these beneficial effects seem be marginal compared drug therapy healthy lifestyle clinically non-relevant.

Язык: Английский

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The interaction between circadian syndrome and genetic susceptibility in the risk of incident dementia: A longitudinal cohort study

The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100089 - 100089

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Despite growing interest in circadian disturbances as potential triggers for dementia, the specific impact of syndrome (CircS) on dementia incidence remains poorly understood. Moreover, role genetic susceptibility modulating these effects to be explored. Dementia-free participants from UK Biobank cohort were included analysis. To evaluate association between CircS and well modifying influence this relationship, Cox proportional hazards models utilized. During a median follow-up period 14.55 years, 3,965 incident cases documented. was found significantly increased risk with hazard ratio (HR) 1.401 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.296, 1.516). Compared score ≤3, mild (HR: 1.259, 95 CI: 1.146-1.383), moderate 1.667, 1.461-1.903), severe 2.028, 1.397-2.944) all associated an elevated dementia. There significant multiplicative interactions (Pinteraction<0.001). Participants both high polygenic (PRS) had highest 2.551, 2.169, 3.001), compared those low PRS no CircS. which might aggravated by susceptibility.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Daylight for Humans: Gaps in Current Knowledge

Clocks & Sleep, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(1), С. 61 - 85

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2020

Daylight stems solely from direct, scattered and reflected sunlight, undergoes dynamic changes in irradiance spectral power composition due to latitude, time of day, year the nature physical environment (reflections, buildings vegetation). Humans their ancestors evolved under these natural day/night cycles over millions years. Electric light, a relatively recent invention, interacts competes with light–dark cycle impact human biology. What are consequences living industrialised urban areas much less daylight more use electric throughout day (and at night), on general health quality life? In this workshop report, we have classified key gaps knowledge research into three main groups: (I) uncertainty as quantity needed for “optimal” physiological psychological functioning, (II) lack consensus practical measurement assessment methods tools monitoring real (day) light exposure across multiple scales, (III) insufficient integration exchange bases different disciplines. Crucial short long-term objectives fill proposed.

Язык: Английский

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Diurnal rhythms in the white adipose tissue transcriptome are disturbed in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with lean control individuals

Diabetologia, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 62(4), С. 704 - 716

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2019

Animal studies have indicated that disturbed diurnal rhythms of clock gene expression in adipose tissue can induce obesity and type 2 diabetes. The importance the circadian timing system for energy metabolism is well established, but little known about regulation (clock) obese individuals with In this study we aimed to identify key disturbances white transcriptome diabetes.In a case-control design, included six diabetes healthy, lean control individuals. All participants were provided three identical meals per day 3 days at zeitgeber time (ZT, ZT 0:00 representing lights on) 0:30, 6:00 11:30. Four sequential subcutaneous abdominal samples obtained, on 15:30, 0:15, 5:45 11:15. Gene was measured using RNA sequencing.The core genes showed reduced amplitude oscillations compared healthy Moreover, diabetes, only 1.8% (303 genes) 16,818 expressed significant rhythmicity, 8.4% (1421 Enrichment analysis revealed loss rhythm canonical metabolic pathways involved lipolysis. an altered mesor decreased activity translation initiating pathway 'EIF2 signaling'. Individuals postprandial glucose concentrations.Diurnal are participants. Future investigation needed explore potential treatment targets as identified by our study, including enhancement induction EIF2 signalling.The raw sequencing data supplementary files rhythmic Ingenuity Pathway Analysis been deposited NCBI Expression Omnibus (GEO series accession number GSE104674).

Язык: Английский

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Circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and metabolism

Temperature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7(4), С. 321 - 362

Опубликована: Март 16, 2020

This article reviews the literature on circadian rhythms of body temperature and whole-organism metabolism. The two are first described separately, each description preceded by a review research methods. Both generated endogenously but can be affected exogenous factors. relationship between is discussed next. In endothermic animals, modulation metabolic activity affect temperature, rhythm not mere side effect thermogenesis associated with general activity. system modulates heat production to generate rhythm, which challenges homeothermy does abolish it. Individual cells do regulate their own metabolism at cellular level also discussed. Metabolism both an output input clock, meaning that rhythmicity intertwined in cell.

Язык: Английский

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seed: A review on bioactives and biomedical activities

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 142, С. 112018 - 112018

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2021

The processing of tomato fruit into puree, juices, ketchup, sauces, and dried powders generates a significant amount waste in the form pomace, which includes seeds skin. Tomato by-products, particularly seeds, are reservoirs health-promoting macromolecules, such as proteins (bioactive peptides), carotenoids (lycopene), polysaccharides (pectin), phytochemicals (flavonoids), vitamins (α-tocopherol). Health-promoting properties make these bioactive components suitable candidates for development novel food nutraceutical products. This review comprehensively demonstrates compounds along with diverse biomedical activities seed extract (TSE) treating cardiovascular ailments, neurological disorders, act antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial agent. Utilization can improve economic feasibility industry may help to reduce environmental pollution generated by by-products.

Язык: Английский

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Phenolic compounds and biological rhythms: Who takes the lead?

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 113, С. 77 - 85

Опубликована: Май 6, 2021

Phenolic compounds are one of the most heterogeneous group plant secondary metabolites with over 50,000 diverse molecules identified so far. Despite low bioavailability native forms, they have been shown to exert several beneficial effects against chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. There different factors that may affect their absorption distribution in tissues, but exact mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, time day season year which consumed emerged another factor significantly impact on metabolism bioactivities. This review emphasizes importance interaction between phenolic biological rhythms its bioactivities these metabolites. implications for food industry rich depending consumption. broad activity could be explained by extensive transformation, including metabolization colon gut microbiota, leads production multitude Biological play a significant role this affecting and, at same time, promoting homeostasis basal signalling level through interactions clock system. is accordance xenohormesis hypothesis, explains chemical cues synthetized plants able allow animals favourably adapt changing environmental conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Early-Life Origins of Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms and Preventive Aspects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(21), С. 11872 - 11872

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2021

One of the leading global public-health burdens is metabolic syndrome (MetS), despite many advances in pharmacotherapies. MetS, now known as "developmental origins health and disease" (DOHaD), can have its early life. Offspring MetS be programmed by various adverse early-life conditions, such nutrition imbalance, maternal conditions or diseases, chemical exposure, medication use. Conversely, interventions shown potential to revoke programming processes prevent developmental origins, namely reprogramming. In this review, we summarize what currently about environmental insults implicated including fundamental underlying mechanisms. We also describe animal models that been developed study MetS. This review extends previous research reviews addressing implementation reprogramming strategies These mechanism-targeted include antioxidants, melatonin, resveratrol, probiotics/prebiotics, amino acids. Much work remains accomplished determine could induce identify mechanisms behind programming, develop for clinical translation.

Язык: Английский

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Drivers of Infectious Disease Seasonality: Potential Implications for COVID-19

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(1), С. 35 - 54

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2021

Not 1 year has passed since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causative agent disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since its emergence, great uncertainty surrounded potential for COVID-19 to establish as a seasonally recurrent disease. Many infectious diseases, including endemic human coronaviruses, vary across year. They show wide range seasonal waveforms, timing (phase), and amplitudes, which differ depending on geographical region. Drivers such patterns are predominantly studied from an epidemiological perspective with focus weather behavior, but complementary insights emerge physiological studies seasonality in animals, humans. Thus, we take multidisciplinary approach integrate knowledge usually distinct fields. First, review evidence environmental behavioral drivers seasonality. Subsequently, chronobiological discuss within-host changes that may affect susceptibility, morbidity, mortality diseases. Based photoperiodic, circannual, comparative data, not only identify promising future avenues also highlight need further animal models. Our preliminary assessment is host immune warrants evaluation alongside behavior factors contribute seasonality, relative importance these requires investigation. A major challenge predicting diseases rapid, human-induced hitherto predictable our planet, whose influence final outlook section. We conclude proactive warranted predict, mitigate, prevent complex, changing human-earth system.

Язык: Английский

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