Geographical vs. ecological diversification inCarexsectionPhacocystis(Cyperaceae): Patterns hidden behind a twisted taxonomy

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 59(4), С. 642 - 667

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2021

Abstract Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae) is one of the most diverse and taxonomically complex groups sedges (between 116 147 species), with a worldwide distribution in wide array biomes. It has very complicated taxonomic history, numerous disagreements among different treatments. We studied biogeography niche evolution phylogenetic framework to unveil relative contribution geographical ecological drivers diversification group. used large species sampling (82% extant species) build phylogeny based on four DNA regions, constrained phylogenomic HybSeq tree dated six fossil calibrations. Our results recovered s.s. (core Phacocystis) as sister Praelongae . Ancestral area reconstruction points toward N Pacific cradle for crown during Middle Miocene. Wide distributions were recurrently inferred across deep nodes. Large Northern Hemisphere lineages congruence retrieved, pointing importance allopatric divergence at levels, whereas within‐area speciation emerges predominant pattern shallow level. The Southern (Neotropics, SW Pacific) was colonized several times from Hemisphere. global expansion did not entail major changes along inner branches phylogeny. Nevertheless, differentiation seems gain recent times.

Язык: Английский

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The evolutionary history of sedges (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar

Journal of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 48(4), С. 917 - 932

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2021

Abstract Aim Madagascar is renowned for its unparalleled biodiversity and endemism. With many ecosystems under threat, research urgently needed on unique plant diversity. This applies both to Madagascar's forests treeless vegetation types. Sedges (Cyperaceae) are among the top 10 species‐richest angiosperm families in (310 native species, 38% endemic), of which two‐thirds occur open habitats. We aimed infer evolutionary history sedges Madagascar, by estimating number, age origins endemic lineages, how they diversified island. tested contrasting hypotheses (a) few colonizations but important situ radiations against (b) a high number anagenetic colonizations. Location surrounding Indian Ocean islands, integrated within global dataset. Taxon Sedge family Cyperaceae. Methods estimated time‐calibrated molecular phylogenies encompassing large proportion known sedge flora (incl. 55% species), integrating sequence data 1,382 accessions representing almost 25% c. 5,600 species worldwide, combined with ancestral area reconstruction, diversification analyses Bayesian stochastic mapping. Results Cyperaceae lineages arrived from 40 Mya arriving more recently. About 20 island, only six encompass than five species. All except one that use C 3 photosynthetic pathway. The main biogeographical links Southern Tropical Africa. Main conclusions chronicle relatively recent multiple out processes long‐distance dispersal constrained distance. Also, region not ‘sink’ immigrant taxa, other regions also occurred. Some most diverse show clear adaptation local environments.

Язык: Английский

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The development of SSR markers based on RNA-sequencing and its validation between and within Carex L. species

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2021

Abstract Background Carex L. is one of the largest genera in Cyperaceae family and an important vascular plant ecosystem. However, genetic background complex classification not clear. In order to investigate gene function annotation , RNA-sequencing analysis was performed. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were generated based on Illumina data then utilized characteristics 79 germplasms. Results this study, 36,403 unigenes with a total length 41,724,615 bp obtained annotated GO, KOG, KEGG, NR databases. The results provide theoretical basis for exploration. Out 8776 SSRs, 96 pairs primers randomly selected. One hundred eighty polymorphic bands amplified polymorphism rate 100% 42 higher levels. average band number 4.3 per primer, distance value 0.548, information content ranged from 0.133 0.494. observed alleles (Na), effective (Ne), Nei’s (1973) diversity (H), Shannon index (I) 2.000, 1.376, 0.243, 0.391, respectively. NJ clustering divided into three groups accessions New Zealand showed similar attribute clustered group. UPGMA PCoA also revealed same result. molecular variance (AMOVA) superior within than between geographic origin cluster cluster. What’s more, fingerprints species are established study. Different combinations primer can be used identify multiple at time, which overcomes difficulties traditional identification methods. Conclusions transcriptomic shed new light categories genes will facilitate future functional studies. indicated that flow extensive among species. These markers evolutionary history related species, as well serve guide breeding projects.

Язык: Английский

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Holocentric repeat landscapes: From micro‐evolutionary patterns to macro‐evolutionary associations with karyotype evolution

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(24)

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023

Repetitive elements can cause large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, for example through ectopic recombination, potentially promoting reproductive isolation and speciation. Species with holocentric chromosomes, that lack a localized centromere, might be more likely to retain rearrangements lead karyotype changes such as fusions fissions. This is because chromosome segregation during cell division should less affected than in organisms centromere. The relationships between repetitive how they may translate patterns of speciation are though poorly understood. Here, we use reference-free approach based on low-coverage short-read sequencing data characterize the repeat landscape two independently evolved groups: Erebia butterflies Carex sedges. We consider both micro- macro-evolutionary scales investigate differentiation populations association repeats phylogenetic framework Carex. At micro-evolutionary scale, found population increases overall intraspecific genetic among four species. indications an along phylogenies. Altogether, our results suggest associated level clades therefore play role adaptation species diversification.

Язык: Английский

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Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly for Clubrush (Bolboschoenus planiculmis) Indicates a Karyotype with High Chromosome Number and Heterogeneous Centromere Distribution

Genome Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F.Schmidt) T.V.Egorova is a typical wetland plant in the species-rich Cyperaceae family. This species contributes prominently to carbon dynamics and trophic integration ecosystems. Previous studies have reported that chromosomes of B. are holocentric; i.e. they kinetic activity along their entire length carry multiple centromeres. feature was suggested lead rapid genome evolution through chromosomal fissions fusions participate diversification ecological success genus. However, specific mechanism remains uncertain, partly due scarcity genetic information on Bolboschoenus. We present here first chromosome-level assembly for planiculmis. Through high-quality long-read short-read data, together with chromatin conformation using Hi-C technology, ultimate 238.01 Mb contig N50 value 3.61 Mb. Repetitive elements constituted 37.04% genome, 18,760 protein-coding genes were predicted. The low proportion long terminal repeat retrotransposons (∼9.62%) similar other species. Ks (synonymous substitutions per synonymous site) distribution no recent large-scale duplication this genome. haploid contained large number 54 pseudochromosomes small mean size 4.10 Mb, covering most karyotype. results centromere detection support not all centromeres, indicating more efforts needed fully reveal style holocentricity cyperids its evolutionary significance.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and functional differentiation of renewal buds in temperate herbaceous plants

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 244(1), С. 292 - 306

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

Spring regrowth in temperate perennials relies on renewal buds, which form a key component the shoot growth cycle. Still, we possess almost no information these is becoming more pressing with current climate change. Most existing studies concentrated easy-to-study aboveground buds of woody plants, whose morphology has largely been linked to frost protection. It not clear what extent findings apply also herbaceous species. We therefore examined protective traits and preformation winter 379 species herbs, tested how are distributed across phylogeny related other bud bank whole-plant traits. identified major gradient from few, large, highly preformed, scale-covered associated larger belowground storage organs deep soil, small, numerous, less naked near soil surface. Belowground herbs show several distinct strategies for survival spring that might affect their response changing early conditions. Renewal driven only by protection but apical meristem mechanical disturbance soil.

Язык: Английский

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Mountain Bogs of Costa Rica

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

High-altitude mountain bogs, located in the Central and Talamanca Mountain Ranges of Costa Rica (1200–3100 m a.s.l.), remain one least explored inland aquatic ecosystems potentially most geographically restricted. These unique wetlands are confined to topographic depressions with limited drainage, rely solely on rainfall for maintenance their water bodies, can dry up entirely during prolonged spells. Since they specific soil conditions maintain a characteristic biota many endemic species, bogs deserve urgent conservation attention. Unfortunately, human activities have significantly impacted these fragile (e.g. drainage agricultural purposes, illicit extraction plant fragmentation, pollution, fire). Concentrated predominantly Talamanca, represent discrete biomes embedded within oak forests páramos, reflecting complex interplay between parent material, topography, climatic factors. Here, we discuss ecological traits, biogeographic significance, limnological characteristics, representative organisms, climate change vulnerability propose key research areas enhance management this ecosystem. We compiled list 108 vascular species (27% endemics), analyzed bird composition, listed amphibians reptiles, particularly Bolitoglossa salamanders. present preliminary expected mammals (57 18 endemics, 3 bat genera). Aquatic insects crustaceans just beginning be explored, but several new reports were reported. diverse characterized by high levels endemism. They important carbon reservoirs serve as comprehensive paleobotanical pollen record showing fluctuations location tree line extension páramos geologic past. Climate may cause significant turnover elevational shifts due decreasing increasing temperatures, further compounded risk biological invasions habitat loss mediated such road construction powerline installation. Urgent scientific strategies imperative safeguard endangered bog ecosystem, ensuring its continued existence resilience amidst escalating environmental pressures anthropogenic disturbances.

Язык: Английский

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Carex yangchunensis, a new species of Cyperaceae from the limestone regions of Guangdong, South China

PhytoKeys, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 251, С. 257 - 270

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

Carex yangchunensis (Cyperaceae), a new species of sect. Cryptostachyae in limestone regions Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. Both morphological observation molecular analysis revealed that the was similar to C. cryptostachys , but differs having inflorescence with 4–8 spikes, ovoid or nearly globose, 3–8 mm long, utricles (2.5–3.5 long) nutlets (2–2.2 shorter, style base thickened, leaves narrower, 3–6 wide culms 8–25 cm tall. Scanning electron micromorphology related are provided.

Язык: Английский

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A taxonomic revision of New Zealand species of Carex section Inversae Kük. ( Carex subgenus Vignea , Cyperaceae)

New Zealand Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 73

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

This study revises an expanded Carex section Inversae for New Zealand. Eleven indigenous species are recognised, 10 of which endemic. Notable features the presence unisexual spikes associated with gynodioecious and dioecious sexual systems, androgyny, diandry. Based on results from morphometric analyses kirkii s.l., C. var. membranacea is raised to specific rank as ambita, pilifolia described new science, elatior identified a hybrid. s.s. found in alpine tussock grasslands herbfield, ambita montane inland tarns, wetlands grasslands, part rich turf kettlehole flora moraine inter-montane basins eastern South Island. Both gynecandry androgyny present, diandry all seven endemic androgynous species: kaloides, kirkii, muelleri, pilifolia, pterocarpa, trachycarpa. kaloides only exhibiting orange or reddish leaf coloration, trait also observed three other lineages Typifications taxa proposed: membranacea, inversa radicata. Updated descriptions, distributions, illustrations, habitat notes, diagnostic key provided. Threat statuses assessed species. Two reported threatened, Nationally Critical, Vulnerable, following Zealand Classification System.

Язык: Английский

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Decoding the evolution of dumbbell stomata: Insights from the developmental genes of sedges and grasses

Plant Gene, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 42, С. 100494 - 100494

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Язык: Английский

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