Macroevolutionary insights into sedges (Carex: Cyperaceae): The effects of rapid chromosome number evolution on lineage diversification

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 59(4), P. 776 - 790

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Abstract Changes in holocentric chromosome number due to fission and fusion have direct immediate effects on genome structure recombination rates. These, turn, may influence ecology evolutionary trajectories profoundly. Sedges of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) comprise ca. 2000 species with chromosomes. The exhibits a phenomenal range (2n = 10 − 132) almost not polyploidy. In this study, we integrated most comprehensive cytogenetic phylogenetic data for sedges associated climatic morphological investigate hypothesis that high rates are selected when innovation is required, using evolution as proxy rate. We evaluated Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models infer shifts equilibrium selective regime. also tested relationship between diversification Our analyses demonstrate significant correlations morphology niche . Nevertheless, amount chromosomal variation able explain very small. recognized large mean number, but significantly lower morphology. detected peak near intermediate combination, these point toward importance history work suggests effect rates, just reproductive isolation, be central sedges.

Language: Английский

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Geographical vs. ecological diversification inCarexsectionPhacocystis(Cyperaceae): Patterns hidden behind a twisted taxonomy

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 59(4), P. 642 - 667

Published: Feb. 6, 2021

Abstract Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae) is one of the most diverse and taxonomically complex groups sedges (between 116 147 species), with a worldwide distribution in wide array biomes. It has very complicated taxonomic history, numerous disagreements among different treatments. We studied biogeography niche evolution phylogenetic framework to unveil relative contribution geographical ecological drivers diversification group. used large species sampling (82% extant species) build phylogeny based on four DNA regions, constrained phylogenomic HybSeq tree dated six fossil calibrations. Our results recovered s.s. (core Phacocystis) as sister Praelongae . Ancestral area reconstruction points toward N Pacific cradle for crown during Middle Miocene. Wide distributions were recurrently inferred across deep nodes. Large Northern Hemisphere lineages congruence retrieved, pointing importance allopatric divergence at levels, whereas within‐area speciation emerges predominant pattern shallow level. The Southern (Neotropics, SW Pacific) was colonized several times from Hemisphere. global expansion did not entail major changes along inner branches phylogeny. Nevertheless, differentiation seems gain recent times.

Language: Английский

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The evolutionary history of sedges (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(4), P. 917 - 932

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Abstract Aim Madagascar is renowned for its unparalleled biodiversity and endemism. With many ecosystems under threat, research urgently needed on unique plant diversity. This applies both to Madagascar's forests treeless vegetation types. Sedges (Cyperaceae) are among the top 10 species‐richest angiosperm families in (310 native species, 38% endemic), of which two‐thirds occur open habitats. We aimed infer evolutionary history sedges Madagascar, by estimating number, age origins endemic lineages, how they diversified island. tested contrasting hypotheses (a) few colonizations but important situ radiations against (b) a high number anagenetic colonizations. Location surrounding Indian Ocean islands, integrated within global dataset. Taxon Sedge family Cyperaceae. Methods estimated time‐calibrated molecular phylogenies encompassing large proportion known sedge flora (incl. 55% species), integrating sequence data 1,382 accessions representing almost 25% c. 5,600 species worldwide, combined with ancestral area reconstruction, diversification analyses Bayesian stochastic mapping. Results Cyperaceae lineages arrived from 40 Mya arriving more recently. About 20 island, only six encompass than five species. All except one that use C 3 photosynthetic pathway. The main biogeographical links Southern Tropical Africa. Main conclusions chronicle relatively recent multiple out processes long‐distance dispersal constrained distance. Also, region not ‘sink’ immigrant taxa, other regions also occurred. Some most diverse show clear adaptation local environments.

Language: Английский

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The development of SSR markers based on RNA-sequencing and its validation between and within Carex L. species

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Abstract Background Carex L. is one of the largest genera in Cyperaceae family and an important vascular plant ecosystem. However, genetic background complex classification not clear. In order to investigate gene function annotation , RNA-sequencing analysis was performed. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were generated based on Illumina data then utilized characteristics 79 germplasms. Results this study, 36,403 unigenes with a total length 41,724,615 bp obtained annotated GO, KOG, KEGG, NR databases. The results provide theoretical basis for exploration. Out 8776 SSRs, 96 pairs primers randomly selected. One hundred eighty polymorphic bands amplified polymorphism rate 100% 42 higher levels. average band number 4.3 per primer, distance value 0.548, information content ranged from 0.133 0.494. observed alleles (Na), effective (Ne), Nei’s (1973) diversity (H), Shannon index (I) 2.000, 1.376, 0.243, 0.391, respectively. NJ clustering divided into three groups accessions New Zealand showed similar attribute clustered group. UPGMA PCoA also revealed same result. molecular variance (AMOVA) superior within than between geographic origin cluster cluster. What’s more, fingerprints species are established study. Different combinations primer can be used identify multiple at time, which overcomes difficulties traditional identification methods. Conclusions transcriptomic shed new light categories genes will facilitate future functional studies. indicated that flow extensive among species. These markers evolutionary history related species, as well serve guide breeding projects.

Language: Английский

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Holocentric repeat landscapes: From micro‐evolutionary patterns to macro‐evolutionary associations with karyotype evolution

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(24)

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Repetitive elements can cause large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, for example through ectopic recombination, potentially promoting reproductive isolation and speciation. Species with holocentric chromosomes, that lack a localized centromere, might be more likely to retain rearrangements lead karyotype changes such as fusions fissions. This is because chromosome segregation during cell division should less affected than in organisms centromere. The relationships between repetitive how they may translate patterns of speciation are though poorly understood. Here, we use reference-free approach based on low-coverage short-read sequencing data characterize the repeat landscape two independently evolved groups: Erebia butterflies Carex sedges. We consider both micro- macro-evolutionary scales investigate differentiation populations association repeats phylogenetic framework Carex. At micro-evolutionary scale, found population increases overall intraspecific genetic among four species. indications an along phylogenies. Altogether, our results suggest associated level clades therefore play role adaptation species diversification.

Language: Английский

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Mountain Bogs of Costa Rica

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

High-altitude mountain bogs, located in the Central and Talamanca Mountain Ranges of Costa Rica (1200–3100 m a.s.l.), remain one least explored inland aquatic ecosystems potentially most geographically restricted. These unique wetlands are confined to topographic depressions with limited drainage, rely solely on rainfall for maintenance their water bodies, can dry up entirely during prolonged spells. Since they specific soil conditions maintain a characteristic biota many endemic species, bogs deserve urgent conservation attention. Unfortunately, human activities have significantly impacted these fragile (e.g. drainage agricultural purposes, illicit extraction plant fragmentation, pollution, fire). Concentrated predominantly Talamanca, represent discrete biomes embedded within oak forests páramos, reflecting complex interplay between parent material, topography, climatic factors. Here, we discuss ecological traits, biogeographic significance, limnological characteristics, representative organisms, climate change vulnerability propose key research areas enhance management this ecosystem. We compiled list 108 vascular species (27% endemics), analyzed bird composition, listed amphibians reptiles, particularly Bolitoglossa salamanders. present preliminary expected mammals (57 18 endemics, 3 bat genera). Aquatic insects crustaceans just beginning be explored, but several new reports were reported. diverse characterized by high levels endemism. They important carbon reservoirs serve as comprehensive paleobotanical pollen record showing fluctuations location tree line extension páramos geologic past. Climate may cause significant turnover elevational shifts due decreasing increasing temperatures, further compounded risk biological invasions habitat loss mediated such road construction powerline installation. Urgent scientific strategies imperative safeguard endangered bog ecosystem, ensuring its continued existence resilience amidst escalating environmental pressures anthropogenic disturbances.

Language: Английский

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Carex yangchunensis, a new species of Cyperaceae from the limestone regions of Guangdong, South China

PhytoKeys, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 257 - 270

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Carex yangchunensis (Cyperaceae), a new species of sect. Cryptostachyae in limestone regions Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. Both morphological observation molecular analysis revealed that the was similar to C. cryptostachys , but differs having inflorescence with 4–8 spikes, ovoid or nearly globose, 3–8 mm long, utricles (2.5–3.5 long) nutlets (2–2.2 shorter, style base thickened, leaves narrower, 3–6 wide culms 8–25 cm tall. Scanning electron micromorphology related are provided.

Language: Английский

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A taxonomic revision of New Zealand species of Carex section Inversae Kük. ( Carex subgenus Vignea , Cyperaceae)

New Zealand Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 73

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

This study revises an expanded Carex section Inversae for New Zealand. Eleven indigenous species are recognised, 10 of which endemic. Notable features the presence unisexual spikes associated with gynodioecious and dioecious sexual systems, androgyny, diandry. Based on results from morphometric analyses kirkii s.l., C. var. membranacea is raised to specific rank as ambita, pilifolia described new science, elatior identified a hybrid. s.s. found in alpine tussock grasslands herbfield, ambita montane inland tarns, wetlands grasslands, part rich turf kettlehole flora moraine inter-montane basins eastern South Island. Both gynecandry androgyny present, diandry all seven endemic androgynous species: kaloides, kirkii, muelleri, pilifolia, pterocarpa, trachycarpa. kaloides only exhibiting orange or reddish leaf coloration, trait also observed three other lineages Typifications taxa proposed: membranacea, inversa radicata. Updated descriptions, distributions, illustrations, habitat notes, diagnostic key provided. Threat statuses assessed species. Two reported threatened, Nationally Critical, Vulnerable, following Zealand Classification System.

Language: Английский

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Decoding the evolution of dumbbell stomata: Insights from the developmental genes of sedges and grasses

Plant Gene, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 100494 - 100494

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Language: Английский

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East Asia–eastern North America disjunction revisited: Possible westward colonization route via the Western Palearctic in Carex sect. Paniceae (Cyperaceae)

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

Abstract Carex sect. Paniceae sensu lato (s.l.) exhibits two major disjunct centers of diversity: eastern North America and East Asia. This pattern, commonly observed in other plant groups, has been associated with trans‐Pacific dispersal from Asia to subsequent local extinctions western America. study reconstructed a phylogenetic tree using nuclear (external transcribed spacer internal spacer) three plastid ( matK , trnL‐F rpl32 ‐ trnL UAG ) regions, along 474 loci high‐throughput sequencing (Hyb‐Seq). Dating analysis ancestral area reconstruction were used investigate the evolutionary biogeographic history s.l. A broader circumscription s.l., incorporating sects. Bicolores Laxiflorae is established. Two primary clades identified: one clade predominantly diversified Biogeographic analyses suggested likely origin Palearctic during Late Miocene. The most probable scenario involved via Western Palearctic, followed by into America, parts continent, back Old World. Within Asia, group was inferred have Pliocene Pleistocene, basalmost nodes mainland China. Multiple events this region Russian Far East, Korea, Japan inferred. highlights underexplored role biogeography grass‐like plants existence alternative migration routes explaining Asia–eastern pattern disjunction.

Language: Английский

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