Benefits and costs of hosting facultative symbionts in plant‐sucking insects: A meta‐analysis

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(11), С. 2483 - 2494

Опубликована: Март 23, 2021

Abstract Many animals have evolved associations with symbiotic microbes that benefit the host through increased growth, lifespan, and survival. Some interactions are obligate (essential for survival) while others facultative (usually beneficial but not essential). Not all individuals symbionts in a population, thus there is probably trade‐off between cost of hosting these benefits they confer to host. Plant‐sucking insects been one most important models test costs experimentally. This research now moving beyond description symbiont effects towards understanding mechanisms action, their role wider ecological community. We present quantitative systematic analysis published evidence exploring this question. found whitefly true bugs experience growth fecundity, whereas aphids fecundity resistance natural enemies. also report lack data some plant‐sucking groups, explore variation effect strengths directions across aphid host, plant species highlighting importance considering context dependency interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of intraspecific variation in insect microbiomes on host phenotype and evolution

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(11), С. 1798 - 1807

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2023

Abstract Microbes can be an important source of phenotypic plasticity in insects. Insect physiology, behaviour, and ecology are influenced by individual variation the microbial communities held within insect gut, reproductive organs, bacteriome, other tissues. It is becoming increasingly clear how microbiome for fitness, expansion into novel ecological niches, environments. These investigations have garnered heightened interest recently, yet a comprehensive understanding intraspecific assembly function these insect-associated shape insects still lacking. Most research focuses on core associated with species ignores variation. We argue that among driver evolution, we provide examples showing such influence fitness health insects, invasions, their persistence new environments, responses to global environmental changes.

Язык: Английский

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A rapidly spreading deleterious aphid endosymbiont that uses horizontal as well as vertical transmission

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(18)

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2023

Endosymbiotic bacteria that live inside the cells of insects are typically only transmitted maternally and can spread by increasing host fitness and/or modifying reproduction in sexual hosts. Transinfections Wolbachia endosymbionts now being used to introduce useful phenotypes into populations, but there has been limited progress on applications using other asexual populations. Here, we develop a unique pathway application aphids transferring endosymbiont Rickettsiella viridis major crop pest Myzus persicae. infection greatly reduced aphid fecundity, decreased heat tolerance, modified body color, from light dark green. Despite inducing costs, rapidly through caged populations via plant-mediated horizontal transmission. The phenotypic effects were sensitive temperature, with occurring at 19 °C not 25 °C. Body color modification was also lost high temperatures despite maintaining density. shows potential natural M. persicae transmission subsequent vertical Establishment could reduce damage population age structure, reducing growth providing context-dependent fitness. Our results highlight importance interactions temperature as drivers insect

Язык: Английский

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With a little help from my friends: the roles of microbial symbionts in insect populations and communities

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1904)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2024

To understand insect abundance, distribution and dynamics, we need to the relevant drivers of their populations communities. While microbial symbionts are known strongly affect many aspects biology, lack data on effects or community processes, insects' evolutionary responses at different timescales. How these change as anthropogenic ecosystems intensify is an area intense research. Recent developments in sequencing bioinformatics permit cost-effective diversity surveys, tracking symbiont transmission, identification functions across multi-species In this review, explore how functional categories can influence life-history traits, could interactions with other species, they may processes patterns level entire We argue that insect-associated microbes should be considered important response adaptation environmental challenges opportunities. also outline emerging approaches for surveying characterizing microbiota population scales. This article part theme issue ‘Towards a toolkit global biodiversity monitoring’.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of heat stress on the fitness outcomes of symbiotic infection in aphids: a meta-analysis

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 289(1971)

Опубликована: Март 30, 2022

Beneficial microorganisms shape the evolutionary trajectories of their hosts, facilitating or constraining colonization new ecological niches. One convincing example entails responses insect-microbe associations to rising temperatures. Indeed, insect resilience stressful high temperatures depends on genetic identity obligate symbiont and presence heat-protective facultative symbionts. As extensively studied organisms, aphids endosymbiotic bacteria represent valuable models address eco-evolutionary questions about thermal ecology partnerships, with broad relevance various biological systems models. This meta-analysis aims quantify context-dependent impacts symbionts host phenotype in benign heat conditions, across fitness traits, types stress species. We found that warming lowered benefits (resistance parasitoids) costs (development, fecundity) infection by symbionts, which was overall mostly beneficial hosts under short-term (heat shock) rather than extended warming. Heat-tolerant genotypes Buchnera aphidicola some (Rickettsia sp., Serratia symbiotica) improved maintained aphid stress. discuss implications these findings for general understanding cost-benefit balance multiple traits dynamics faced climate change.

Язык: Английский

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Still standing: The heat protection delivered by a facultative symbiont to its aphid host is resilient to repeated thermal stress

Current Research in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3, С. 100061 - 100061

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Insects have evolved diverse strategies to resist extreme high temperatures (EHT). The adaptive value of such has be evaluated when organisms experience multiple EHT events during their lifetime, as predicted in a changing climate. This is particularly the case for associations with facultative microbial partners involved insect heat tolerance, resilience which repeated stress never been studied. We compared two artificial lines pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) differing by absence or presence heat-protective bacterium Serratia symbiotica. exposed nymphs varying number (between 0 and 3), recorded fitness parameters. Except survival traits, estimates were affected interaction between infection status (absence/presence S. symbiotica) thermal treatment (number shocks applied). Costs bacterial detected stress: symbiont-hosting aphids incurred longer development, decreased fecundity body size. However, symbiotic turned neutral, even beneficial some traits (development size), increased, aposymbiotic strain. Conversely, mediated response shock(s): only uninfected group. These findings suggest that (i) symbiont may alternatively act pathogen, commensal mutualist depending on environment, (ii) protection it delivered its host persists under frequent EHT. discuss eco-evolutionary implications role potentially confounding factors (stage-specific effects, genetic polymorphism displayed obligate symbiont).

Язык: Английский

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Floral presence and flower identity alter cereal aphid endosymbiont communities on adjacent crops

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 60(7), С. 1409 - 1423

Опубликована: Май 10, 2023

Abstract Floral plantings adjacent to crops fields can recruit populations of natural enemies by providing flower nectar and non‐crop prey increase pest regulation. Observed variation in success rates might be due changes the unseen community endosymbionts hosted many herbivorous insects, which some confer resistance enemies, for example, parasitoid wasps. Reduced insect control may occur if highly protective symbiont combinations frequency via selection effects, this is expected stronger lower diversity systems. We used a large‐scale field trial analyse bacterial endosymbiont communities cereal aphids Sitobion avenae collected along transects into strip plots barley plants managed either conventional or integrated (including floral margins reduced inputs) methods. In addition, we conducted an outdoor pot experiment S. on that were grown alone alongside one three flowering plants, across time points. field, up four symbionts. The abundance wasps was towards middle all while aphid species richness decreased conventional, but not integrated, field‐strips. proportion hosting different varied cropping systems, with distances fields, correlated wasp abundances. experiment, six Flower presence increased enemy diversity, abundance. treatment time, varying abundances specialist recruited flowers. Synthesis applications . identity had community‐wide impacts recommend management practices incorporate resources within areas support more functionally diverse resilient mitigate symbiont‐mediated throughout area.

Язык: Английский

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The endosymbiont Serratia symbiotica improves aphid fitness by disrupting the predation strategy of ladybeetle larvae

Insect Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Abstract Aphids, the important global agricultural pests, harbor abundant resources of symbionts that can improve host adaptability to environmental conditions, also control interactions between aphid and natural enemy, resulting in a significant decrease efficiency biological control. The facultative symbiont Serratia symbiotica has strong symbiotic association with its hosts, relationship is known interfere host–parasitoid interactions. We hypothesized may influence other trophic by interfering physiology behavior major predators provide defense. To test this hypothesis, we investigated effects on Acyrthosiphon pisum predator, ladybeetle Propylaea japonica . First, prevalence different A colonies was confirmed amplicon sequencing. then showed harboring improved growth fecundity but reduced longevity. Finally, our research demonstrated defends aphids against P impeding predator's development predation capacity, modulating foraging behavior. Our findings reveal improves fitness disrupting strategy larvae, offering new insight into their predators, providing basis for pests involving targeting endosymbionts.

Язык: Английский

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How does vector diversity influence the transmission efficiency of yellow dwarf virus? Perspectives from a review

Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73(5), С. 1042 - 1059

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2024

Abstract Cereals are some of the most important global crops that contribute directly and indirectly to production food for human consumption. Cereal aphids can cause significant damage wheat, barley oats, particularly via transmission plant viruses devastating diseases, such as yellow dwarf disease. High levels disease result in yield losses around 20%, rising 80% if infection is severe. Yellow caused by multiple viruses, including within families Tombusviridae Solemoviridae . These include virus species genus Luteovirus ( Barley ) Polerovirus , Wheat Maize ). Some primarily vectored one aphid whereas others be transmitted vectors. Biological diversity a given vector (e.g., genotype, biotype) influence efficiency. However, it unclear what biological factors drive this variation species. Understanding how populations influences efficiency help identify traits underpin successful competent populations. Here, available literature on synthesized detected between different several Three mechanisms potentially proposed.

Язык: Английский

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Parasitoid species diversity has no effect on protective symbiont diversity in experimental host‐parasitoid populations

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract How does diversity in nature come about? One factor contributing to this are species interactions; on one trophic level can shape lower or higher levels. For example, parasite enhances host immune diversity. Insect protective symbionts mediate resistance and are, therefore, also engaged reciprocal selection with their host's parasites. Here, we applied experimental evolution a well‐known symbiont‐aphid‐parasitoid system study whether parasitoid contributes maintaining symbiont genetic We used caged populations of black bean aphids ( Aphis fabae ), containing uninfected individuals infected different strains the bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa , which protects against parasitoids. Over multiple generations, these were exposed three wasps Aphidius colemani Binodoxys acalephae Lysiphlebus fabarum simultaneous sequential mixtures no wasps. Surprisingly, observed little for H. most treatments, even when it clearly provided protection fatal infection. This seemed be caused by high induced costs resistance: surviving attacks suffered an extreme reduction fitness. In marked contrast previous studies looking at effect genotypes single species, found evidence diversifying hosts.

Язык: Английский

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