Predicting metal-binding proteins and structures through integration of evolutionary-scale and physics-based modeling

Journal of Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 168962 - 168962

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Apple Valsa canker: insights into pathogenesis and disease control

Phytopathology Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2023

Abstract Apple Valsa canker (AVC) has caused significant losses worldwide, especially in East Asia. Various fungal species from the genus Cytospora / can infect tree bark and cause tissue rot, mali ( Vm ) is responsible for most severe branch deaths yield losses. Since AVC was first reported Japan 1903, pathogen species, biological characteristics, infection pathogenesis, spore dissemination, disease cycle have been intensively investigated. Based on new cognition of dynamics, control strategy shifted scraping diseased to protecting infection. In this review, we summarize knowledge process mediated by various kinds virulence factors, including cell wall degrading enzymes, toxins, effectors, microRNA-like RNAs, pathogenic signaling regulators. We also introduce progress evaluating germplasm resources identifying response-related genes apples. addition, elaborate current understanding dissemination cycles orchards prevention techniques. Finally, provide recommendations developing more cost-effective strategies controlling applying genetic resistance fungicides.

Язык: Английский

---

Rational modification of melatonin for broad‐spectrum antifungal agents discovery

Journal of Pineal Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 76(4)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract Natural products, known for their environmental safety, are regarded as a significant basis the modification and advancement of fungicides. Melatonin, low‐cost natural indole, exhibits diverse biological functions, including antifungal activity. However, its potential an agent has not been fully explored. In this study, series melatonin derivatives targeting mitogen‐activated protein kinase (Mps1) fungal pathogens were synthesized based on properties melatonin, among which trifluoromethyl‐substituted derivative Mt‐23 exhibited activity against seven plant pathogenic fungi, effectively reduced severity crop diseases, rice blast, Fusarium head blight wheat gray mold tomato. particular, EC 50 (5.4 µM) blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is only one‐fourth that isoprothiolane (22 µM), commercial fungicide. Comparative analyzes revealed simultaneously targets conserved Mps1 lipid Cap20. Surface plasmon resonance assays showed directly binds to we provide strategy developing agents by modifying resultant commercially valuable, eco‐friendly broad‐spectrum combat disease.

Язык: Английский

---

Identification of propranolol and derivatives that are chemical inhibitors of phosphatidate phosphatase as potential broad-spectrum fungicides

Plant Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(1), С. 100679 - 100679

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

Plant diseases cause enormous economic losses in agriculture and threaten global food security, application of agrochemicals is an important means to control crop diseases. Thus, exploring disease-resistant mechanisms synthesis highly bioactive are great importance. Here, we showed that propranolol, a phosphatidate phosphatase (Pah) inhibitor, effectively suppressed fungal growth, sporulation, sexual reproduction, plant infection on diverse plants. The MoPah1 enzyme activity the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae was inhibited by propranolol. Additionally, alterations lipid metabolism were associated with hyphal growth appressorium formation caused propranolol M. oryzae. Propranolol broad-spectrum 12 pathogens, inhibiting barley, wheat, maize, tomato, pear. To improve anti-fungal capacity, synthesized series derivatives, one them remarkably enhanced ability 16-fold binding MoPah1. Furthermore, its derivatives reduced severity Fusarium head blight wheat field. Taken together, our study demonstrates suppresses development through involved metabolism. could be promising candidates for fungicide development.

Язык: Английский

---

Verticillium dahliae Effector VdCE11 Contributes to Virulence by Promoting Accumulation and Activity of the Aspartic Protease GhAP1 from Cotton

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023

Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne plant fungal pathogen that causes wilt, disease reduces the yields of many economically important crops. Despite its worldwide distribution and harmful impacts, much remains unknown regarding how numerous effectors V. modulate immunity. Here, we identified intracellular effector VdCE11 induces cell death defense responses in Nicotiana benthamiana to counter leaf pathogens such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Botrytis cinerea. also contributes virulence cotton Arabidopsis. Yeast two-hybrid library screening immunoprecipitation revealed interacts physically with aspartic protease GhAP1. GhAP1 Arabidopsis homolog AtAP1 are negative regulators immunity, since disruption either increased resistance or dahliae. Further, plays role promoting accumulation AP1 proteins increasing hydrolase activity. Taken together, these results indicate novel mechanism regulating whereby secreted increases susceptibility by activity IMPORTANCEVerticclium destructive vascular on large number hosts, resulting great threat agricultural production. In this study, benthamiana. Meanwhile, immunity Further research showed These suggested host.

Язык: Английский

---

Fungal species associated with apple Valsa canker in East Asia

Phytopathology Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2020

Abstract Since its discovery more than 110 years ago, Valsa canker has emerged as a devastating disease of apple in East Asia. However, our understanding this disease, particularly the identity causative agents, been state confusion. Here we provide synopsis for current and taxonomy causal agents. We highlight major changes concerning pathogens conflicting viewpoints moving to “One Fungus = One Name” system group fungal species. compiled list 21 Cytospora species associated with Malus hosts worldwide curated 12 them rDNA-ITS sequences. The inadequacy discriminating suggests that additional molecular markers, intraspecific samples robust methods are required achieve reliable recognition.

Язык: Английский

---

Vm‐milR37 contributes to pathogenicity by regulating glutathione peroxidase gene VmGP in Valsa mali

Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(2), С. 243 - 254

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2020

Abstract MicroRNAs play important roles in various biological processes by regulating their corresponding target genes. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of fungal microRNA‐like RNAs (milRNAs) are still largely unknown. In this study, a milRNA ( Vm‐ milR37) was isolated identified from Valsa mali , which causes most serious disease on trunk apple trees China. Based results deep sequencing quantitative reverse transcription PCR, milR37 found to be expressed mycelium, while it not during V. infection process. Overexpression did affect vegetative growth, but significantly decreased pathogenicity. degradome sequencing, as VmGP glutathione peroxidase. The expression showed divergent trend mali– interaction samples overexpression transformants. could suppressed when coexpressed tobacco leaves. Deletion reduced pathogenicity compared with wild type. deletion mutants more sensitivity hydrogen peroxide. Apple leaves inoculated Vm ‐milR37 transformants mutant displayed increased accumulation reactive oxygen species Thus, plays critical role contributes oxidative stress response infection. These provide evidence define milRNAs genes

Язык: Английский

---

Role of pathogen's effectors in understanding host-pathogen interaction

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 1869(12), С. 119347 - 119347

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

The Valsa Mali effector Vm1G-1794 protects the aggregated MdEF-Tu from autophagic degradation to promote infection in apple

Autophagy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(6), С. 1745 - 1763

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2022

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway in eukaryotes that required for recycling unwanted intracellular components, maintaining homeostasis, and coping with biotic abiotic stresses. Pathogens have evolved to subvert autophagic machinery by secreting host cell-entering effector proteins. Here, we provided evidence an apple autophagy-related gene MdATG8i, activated autophagy contributed resistance against Valsa canker caused Mali (Vm) when being overexpressed apple. MdATG8i interacted plastid elongation factor Tu (MdEF-Tu) which became insoluble aggregated during Vm infection was degraded through the pathway. Intriguingly, identified highly-induced secreted from Vm, Vm1G-1794, competitively suppressed autophagy, depleted MdEF-Tu out of complexes. The formation stable aggregates Vm1G-1794 promoted susceptibility Vm. Overall, our study demonstrated targeting degrading MdEF-Tu, competed target prevent degradation, thus favoring infection.Abbreviations: 35S: cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter; AIM: ATG8-interacting motif; ATG8-PE: ATG8 conjugated phosphatidylethanolamine; BiFC: biomolecular fluorescence complementation; Con A: concanamycin A; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DEPs: differentially expressed proteins; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hpt: hours post-treatment; LCI: luciferase complementation imaging; MdATG8i: protein 8i Malus domestica; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; MdEF-Tu: MdNBR1: neighbor BRCA1 N. benthamiana: Nicotiana benthamiana; OE: overexpression; PAMP: pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PTI: pattern-triggered immunity; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription PCR; RFP: red RNAi: RNA interference; ROS: reactive oxygen species; Ub: ubiquitin; V. Mali: Mali; WT: wild-type plant; YFP: yellow protein.

Язык: Английский

---

Small secreted effector protein from Fusarium sacchari suppresses host immune response by inhibiting ScPi21‐induced cell death

Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Fusarium sacchari is one of the primary pathogens causing pokkah boeng disease, which impairs yield and quality sugarcane around world. Understanding molecular mechanisms F. effectors that regulate plant immunity great importance for development novel strategies persistent control disease. In a previous study, Fs00367 was identified to inhibit BAX-induced cell death. this Fs00367nsp (without signal peptide) found suppress death, reactive oxygen species bursts callose accumulation. The amino acid region 113-142 functional region. Gene mutagenesis indicated important full virulence sacchari. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed an interaction between ScPi21 in further confirmed using bimolecular fluorescence complementation, pull-down co-immunoprecipitation. can induce immunity, but effect could be blunted by Fs00367nsp. These results suggest core pathogenicity factor suppresses through inhibiting ScPi21-induced findings study provide new insights into regulating immunity.

Язык: Английский

---