Global Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops Amid the Gene Edited Crop Boom – A Review

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2021

Products derived from agricultural biotechnology is fast becoming one of the biggest trade commodities globally, clothing us, feeding our livestock, and fueling eco-friendly cars. This exponential growth occurs despite asynchronous regulatory schemes around world, ranging moratoriums prohibitions on genetically modified (GM) organisms, to regulations that treat both conventional biotech novel plant products under same framework. Given enormous surface area being cultivated, there no longer a question acceptance or outright need for crop varieties. Recent recognition researchers development genome editing technique using CRISPR/Cas9 by Nobel Prize committee another step closer developing cultivating new varieties crops. By employing precise, efficient, yet affordable techniques, edited crops are entering country commercialization. Countries which currently dominate in exporting GM quickly recognizing different types gene-edited comparing conventionally bred nuanced legislative development, first implemented Argentina, soon followed many, shows considerable shifts landscape products. The evolution law gene demonstrates not static must adjust mores society, informed experiences 25 years cultivation regulation crux this review consolidation global crops, as it stands, building earlier works specifically addressing how will fit into existing frameworks. work its kind synthesize applicable documents across globe, with focus cultivation, provides links original legislation

Язык: Английский

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Development of the Circular Bioeconomy: Drivers and Indicators

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1), С. 413 - 413

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2021

The EU’s 2018 Bioeconomy Strategy Update and the European Green Deal recently confirmed that bioeconomy is high on political agenda in Europe. Here, we propose a conceptual analysis framework for quantifying analyzing development of EU bioeconomy. has several related concepts (e.g., bio-based economy, green circular economy) there are clear synergies between these concepts, especially economy concepts. Analyzing driving factors provides important information monitoring activities. We first derive scope terms sectors products to be involved, needed geographical coverage resolution, time period. Furthermore, outline set indicators linked objectives strategy. In our framework, measuring developments will, particular, focus within as biomass food production already monitored. selected commit conform with findings from previous studies stakeholder consultation. Additionally, new have been suggested they impact changes supply, demand drivers, resource availability, policies sustainability goals.

Язык: Английский

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Genome editing with the CRISPR‐Cas system: an art, ethics and global regulatory perspective

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(8), С. 1651 - 1669

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2020

Summary Over the last three decades, development of new genome editing techniques, such as ODM, TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR‐Cas system, has led to significant progress in field plant animal breeding. The system is most versatile tool discovered history molecular biology because it can be used alter diverse genomes (e.g. from both plants animals) including human with unprecedented ease, accuracy high efficiency. recent scope have raised regulatory challenges around world due moral, ethical, safety technical concerns associated its applications pre‐clinical clinical research, biomedicine agriculture. Here, we review art, potential risks editing. We also highlight patent ethical issues this technology along frameworks established by various nations regulate CRISPR‐Cas‐modified organisms/products.

Язык: Английский

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Regulatory approaches for genome edited agricultural plants in select countries and jurisdictions around the world

Transgenic Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(4), С. 551 - 584

Опубликована: Май 10, 2021

Abstract Genome editing in agriculture and food is leading to new, improved crops other products. Depending on the regulatory approach taken each country or region, commercialization of these products may not require approval from respective authorities. This paper describes landscape governing genome edited a selection countries regions.

Язык: Английский

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European soybean to benefit people and the environment

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2024

Abstract Europe imports large amounts of soybean that are predominantly used for livestock feed, mainly sourced from Brazil, USA and Argentina. In addition, the demand GM-free human consumption is project to increase. Soybean has higher protein quality digestibility than other legumes, along with high concentrations isoflavones, phytosterols minerals enhance nutritional value as a food ingredient. Here, we examine potential increase production across feed direct consumption, review possible effects on environment health. Simulations field data indicate rainfed yields 3.1 ± 1.2 t ha −1 southern UK through (compared 3.5 average North America). Drought-prone regions cooler northern require breeding incorporate stress-tolerance traits. Literature synthesized in this work evidenced properties important nutrition, health, traits related processing compared alternative sources. While acknowledging uncertainties inherent any modelling exercise, our findings suggest further integrating into European agriculture could reduce GHG emissions by 37–291 Mt CO 2e year fertiliser N use 0.6–1.2 , concurrently improving health nutrition.

Язык: Английский

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Reduced fire blight susceptibility in apple cultivars using a high‐efficiency CRISPR/Cas9‐FLP/FRT‐based gene editing system

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 18(3), С. 845 - 858

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2019

The bacterium Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease in apple, triggers its infection through DspA/E effector which interacts with apple susceptibility protein MdDIPM4. In this work, MdDIPM4 knockout has been produced two Malus × domestica susceptible cultivars using CRISPR/Cas9 system delivered via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Fifty-seven transgenic lines were screened to identify CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations. An editing efficiency 75% was obtained. Seven edited a loss-of-function mutation inoculated pathogen. Highly significant reduction observed compared control plants. Sequencing five potential off-target sites revealed no event. Moreover, our construct contained heat-shock inducible FLP/FRT recombination designed specifically remove T-DNA harbouring expression cassettes for CRISPR/Cas9, marker gene and FLP itself. Six plant reduced pathogen heat-treated by real-time PCR quantify exogenous DNA elimination. removal further validated sequencing one line. To knowledge, work demonstrates first time development application CRISPR/Cas9-FLP/FRT production plants carrying minimal trace DNA.

Язык: Английский

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Gene Editing Regulation and Innovation Economics

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2020

Argentina was the first country that enacted regulatory criteria to assess if organisms resulting from new breeding techniques (NBTs) are be regarded as genetically modified (GMOs) or not. The has now accumulated 4 year of experience applying such criteria, reaching a considerable number cases, composed mostly gene-edited plants, animals, and microorganisms agricultural use. This article explores effects on economic innovation experience. is done by comparing cases products derived gene editing other NBTs have been presented system, against GMOs deregulated in country. Albeit preliminary, this analysis suggests will different profiles market release rates compared with wave so called "modern biotechnology." Gene seems follow much faster development rate bench market. Such driven more diverse group developers, led small medium enterprises (SMEs) public research institutions. In addition, product also diversified terms traits organisms. inferences these findings for biotechnology sectors, particularly developing countries, discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic Engineering and Editing of Plants: An Analysis of New and Persisting Questions

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 71(1), С. 659 - 687

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2020

Genetic engineering is a molecular biology technique that enables gene or genes to be inserted into plant's genome. The first genetically engineered plants were grown commercially in 1996, and the most common traits are herbicide insect resistance. Questions concerns have been raised about effects of these on environment human health, many which addressed pair 2008 2009 Annual Review Plant Biology articles. As new science published techniques like genome editing emerge, reanalysis some issues, look at emerging warranted. Herein, an analysis relevant scientific literature used present perspective selected topics related genetic editing.

Язык: Английский

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Future area expansion outweighs increasing drought risk for soybean in Europe

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(5), С. 1340 - 1358

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2022

The European Union is highly dependent on soybean imports from overseas to meet its protein demands. Individual Member States have been quick declare self-sufficiency targets for plant-based proteins, but detailed strategies are still lacking. Rising global temperatures painted an image of a bright future production in Europe, emerging climatic risks such as drought so far not included any those outlooks. Here, we present simulations and the most prominent risk factors across Europe using ensemble climate growth models. Projections suggest substantial increase potential area productivity Central while southern would become increasingly supplementary irrigation. Average rise by 8.3% (RCP 4.5) 8.7% 8.5) result improved growing conditions (plant physiology benefiting rising temperature CO2 levels) farmers adapting them cultivars with longer phenological cycles. Suitable 31.4% 37.7% mid-century, contributing considerably more than closing gap Europe. While wet at harvest incidental cold spells current key challenges extending production, models data analysis anticipate that heat will dominant limitations future. Breeding heat-tolerant water-efficient genotypes needed further improve adaptation changing conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic Engineering of Livestock: The Opportunity Cost of Regulatory Delay

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(1), С. 453 - 478

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2020

Genetically engineered (GE) livestock were first reported in 1985, and yet only a single GE food animal, the fast-growing AquAdvantage salmon, has been commercialized. There are myriad interconnected reasons for slow progress this once-promising field, including technical issues, structure of industries, lack public research funding investment, regulatory obstacles, concern about opinion. This review focuses on that have produced documents difficulties researchers developers encountered en route. Additionally, costs associated with delayed commercialization modeled using three case studies: mastitis-resistant dairy cattle, genome-edited porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus-resistant pigs, salmon. Delays 5 or 10 years beyond normative 10-year product evaluation period billions dollars opportunity reduced global security.

Язык: Английский

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