Soil microbiomes and one health

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 21(1), С. 6 - 20

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The mycorrhizal symbiosis: research frontiers in genomics, ecology, and agricultural application

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242(4), С. 1486 - 1506

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Summary Mycorrhizal symbioses between plants and fungi are vital for the soil structure, nutrient cycling, plant diversity, ecosystem sustainability. More than 250 000 species associated with mycorrhizal fungi. Recent advances in genomics related approaches have revolutionized our understanding of biology ecology associations. The genomes 250+ been released hundreds genes that play pivotal roles regulating symbiosis development metabolism characterized. rDNA metabarcoding metatranscriptomics provide novel insights into ecological cues driving communities functions expressed by these associations, linking to traits such as acquisition organic matter decomposition. Here, we review genomic studies revealed involved uptake development, discuss adaptations fundamental evolution lifestyles. We also evaluated services provided networks how hold promise sustainable agriculture forestry enhancing stress tolerance. Overall, unraveling intricate dynamics is paramount promoting sustainability addressing current pressing environmental concerns. This ends major frontiers further research.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of agricultural management on soil aggregation and carbon storage is regulated by climatic thresholds across a 3000 km European gradient

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(11), С. 3177 - 3192

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Organic carbon and aggregate stability are key features of soil quality important to consider when evaluating the potential agricultural soils as sinks. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding how organic (SOC) respond management across wide environmental gradients. Here, assessed impact climatic factors, properties (including land use, crop cover, diversity, fertilization, intensity) on SOC mean weight diameter aggregates, commonly used an indicator for stability, 3000 km European gradient. Soil (-56%) stocks (-35%) in topsoil (20 cm) were lower croplands compared with neighboring grassland sites (uncropped perennial vegetation little or no external inputs). Land use aridity strong drivers aggregation explaining 33% 20% variation, respectively. best explained by calcium content (20% variation) followed (15%) annual temperature (10%). We also found threshold-like pattern response aridity, values at higher aridity. The appeared be regulated these thresholds, more pronounced positive effects diversity severe negative intensity nondryland dryland regions. link sensitivity regions aggregate-mediated stabilization. presented findings relevant improving predictions structure C storage highlight need site-specific agri-environmental policies improve sequestration.

Язык: Английский

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Fungal communities in soils under global change

Studies in Mycology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 103(1), С. 1 - 24

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Climate change–induced stress disrupts ectomycorrhizal interaction networks at the boreal–temperate ecotone

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(34)

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023

The interaction networks formed by ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) and their tree hosts, which are important to both forest recruitment ecosystem carbon nutrient retention, may be particularly susceptible climate change at the boreal–temperate ecotone where environmental conditions changing rapidly. Here, we quantified compositional functional trait responses of EMF communities with two boreal ( Pinus banksiana Betula papyrifera ) temperate strobus Quercus macrocarpa hosts a factorial combination experimentally elevated temperatures reduced rainfall in long-term open-air field experiment. study was conducted B4WarmED (Boreal Forest Warming an Ecotone Danger) experiment Minnesota, USA, infrared lamps buried heating cables elevate (ambient, +3.1 °C) rain-out shelters reduce growing season precipitation ~30% reduction). were characterized inferred from metabarcoding fungal-colonized root tips. reduction significantly altered community composition, leading increase relative abundance contact-short distance exploration types. These changes, likely limited capacity for mycelial connections between trees, corresponded shifts highly redundant under ambient less (more specialized) networks. Further, observed changes correlated soil moisture host photosynthesis. Collectively, these results indicate that projected will lead significant traits, structure, integrity as well ecosystems ecotone.

Язык: Английский

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Trade-off between soil organic carbon sequestration and plant nutrient uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Fungal Biology Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 49, С. 100381 - 100381

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a pivotal role in soil organic carbon (C) dynamics. AMF can channel C obtained from plants into the as labile and recalcitrant materials with contrasting impacts on (SOC) reserves. Labile supply, while increasing microbial biomass, also elevate respiration, leading to enhanced matter turnover. Conversely, production of materials, including biomass glomalin-related protein (GRSP) promote SOC sequestration directly by acting long-term storage, strengthening aggregates, promoting formation mineral-bound carbon. The products often generate controversies regarding communities capture, especially under rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Emerging evidence suggests that distinct phylogeny exhibit varying mobilization symbiotic nutrient exchange abilities owing their divergent life histories. However, we argue resource use efficiency among species significantly influences phenotypic outcome AM symbiosis, well functional traits favoring substances proteins mineral-associated over may positively impact long-term. Whereas an guild plant growth through (i.e., sugars) exudation increase turnover lead loss. Although strong mutualist negatively stocks, they compensate for this trade-off depositing fresh, newly fixed photosynthesis. ways which is offset vary different community compositions, warranting further investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Differential responses of soil bacteria, fungi and protists to root exudates and temperature

Microbiological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 286, С. 127829 - 127829

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi with hydrophobic mycelia and rhizomorphs dominate in young pine trees surviving experimental drought stress

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 178, С. 108932 - 108932

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2022

Mycorrhizal fungi can help plants to cope with drought, but research on the fungal communities that are more resistant drought or alleviate stress of trees is still scarce. In this study, we investigated effects soil and explored potential traits related resistance under greenhouse conditions. We manipulated water availability in pine seedlings belonging three Spanish Pinus pinaster populations from geographical areas subjected contrasting summer drought. A set plant ecophysiological were quantified was profiled using ergosterol Pacific Biosciences sequencing. Abundance ectomycorrhizal (ECM) lower than well-watered plants. Most ECM taxa surviving had long exploration types typically forming rhizomorphs hydrophobic mycelia. By contrast, wider range distinct types. No differences found among P. populations. associations between found, significant interactions treatments belowground biomass for relative abundances fungi, particularly Plants may benefit by associating previously shown transport efficiently.

Язык: Английский

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Responses of soil C pools to combined warming and altered precipitation regimes: A meta‐analysis

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(9), С. 1660 - 1675

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2023

Abstract Aim Global warming and altered precipitation substantially affect soil carbon (C) pools can, in turn, feed back into climate change. However, how C respond to the combined effects of remains unclear. Location Global. Time period 1996–2021. Major taxa studied Soil organic pools. Method A meta‐analysis was performed using 657 observations obtained from 34 published articles that focused on both individual (SOC), dissolved (DOC) microbial biomass (MBC) quantify responses Results Across all increased experiments, SOC MBC by an average 4.0% 15.4%, respectively. In contrast, with decreased led a substantial decline 8.2% 12.3%, The DOC were marginal. direction magnitude treatment more similar those than treatment. Furthermore, these influenced magnitudes. Combined had greater impacts their treatments but not different sum respective effects, showing overall additive effects. observed be pronounced grasslands forests. Main conclusion results demonstrated regimes often dominated over regulating under improved our understanding cycles change scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Responses of vascular plant fine roots and associated microbial communities to whole‐ecosystem warming and elevated CO₂ in northern peatlands

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242(3), С. 1333 - 1347

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

Summary Warming and elevated CO 2 (eCO ) are expected to facilitate vascular plant encroachment in peatlands. The rhizosphere, where microbial activity is fueled by root turnover exudates, plays a crucial role biogeochemical cycling, will likely at least partially dictate the response of belowground carbon cycle climate changes. We leveraged Spruce Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment, explore effects whole‐ecosystem warming gradient (+0°C 9°C) eCO on fine roots their associated microbes. combined trait‐based approaches with profiling fungal prokaryote communities rhizospheres, through amplicon sequencing. promoted self‐reliance for resource uptake trees shrubs, while saprophytic fungi putative chemoorganoheterotrophic bacteria utilizing plant‐derived substrates were favored zone. Conversely, associations between ectomycorrhizal fungi. Trees mostly short‐distance exploration‐type that preferentially use labile soil N. Additionally, decreased relative abundance saprotrophs tree roots. Our results indicate fine‐root trait variation mechanism which plants peatlands respond change via influence regulate cycles.

Язык: Английский

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