A journey into the world of small RNAs in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 242(4), С. 1534 - 1544

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023

Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic interaction between fungi and most land plants that underpinned by bidirectional exchange of nutrients. AM development tightly regulated process encompasses molecular communication for reciprocal recognition, fungal accommodation in root tissues activation symbiotic function. As such, complex network transcriptional regulation signaling underlies the cellular metabolic reprogramming host cells upon colonization. In addition to transcription factors, small RNAs (sRNAs) are emerging as important regulators embedded gene orchestrates development. controlling cell‐autonomous processes, plant sRNAs also function mobile signals capable moving different organs even or organisms interact with plants. produce sRNAs; however, their remains largely unknown. Here, we discuss contribution considering role colonized cells. We describe characteristics fungal‐derived evidence transfer functional two partners mutually modulate expression control symbiosis.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in plant-microbe interactions: Recent advances and future directions

Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 341, С. 111999 - 111999

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A fungal sRNA silences a host plant transcription factor to promote arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2024

Cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi) is a mechanism of interspecies communication where small RNAs (sRNAs) are transported from one organism to another; these sRNAs silence target genes in trans by loading into host AGO proteins. In this work, we investigated the occurrence ckRNAi Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (AMS). We used an silico prediction analysis identify sRNA (Rir2216) AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and its putative plant gene target, Medicago truncatula MtWRKY69 transcription factor. Heterologous co-expression assays Nicotiana benthamiana, 5' RACE reactions AGO1-immunoprecipitation mycorrhizal roots were characterize Rir2216-MtWRKY69 interaction. further analyzed expression profile contribution constitutive conditional AMS. show that Rir2216 loaded AGO1 silencing complex M. truncatula, leading cleavage transcript encoding for specifically downregulated arbusculated cells increased levels led reduced colonization level. Our results indicate silencing, mediated fungal sRNA, relevant AMS; thus present first experimental evidence

Язык: Английский

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Decoding the Dialog Between Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Molecular Genetic Perspective

Genes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(2), С. 143 - 143

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, a mutually beneficial interaction between plant roots and AM fungi, plays key role in growth, nutrient acquisition, stress tolerance, which make it major focus for sustainable agricultural strategies. This intricate association involves extensive transcriptional reprogramming host cells during the formation of arbuscules, are specialized fungal structures exchange. The symbiosis is initiated by molecular signaling pathways triggered chitooligosaccharides strigolactones released roots, act as chemoattractants molecules to promote spore germination, colonization, arbuscule development. Calcium spiking, mediated LysM domain receptor kinases, serves critical second messenger coordinating infection intracellular accommodation. GRAS transcription factors components that regulate networks necessary development maintenance, while small RNAs (sRNAs) from both contribute modifications gene expression, including potential bidirectional sRNA exchange modulate symbiosis. Understanding mechanisms related may provide valuable insights implementation strategies enhancing productivity resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Incorporating microbiome analyses can enhance conservation of threatened species and ecosystem functions

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 970, С. 178826 - 178826

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Fungal small RNA hijacking: a new layer of cross‐kingdom communications in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 17, 2025

… AM fungal small RNAs just entered the 'chat', and a new layer of cross-kingdom molecular signals enables symbiosis. Eukaryotic sRNAs are short noncoding regulatory elements (usually 20–25 nucleotides in length) that trigger RNAi process cells act as big players microbe–plant interactions (Huang et al., 2019). Arbuscular mycorrhizal emerging crucial molecules symbiotic networks at RNA level (Silvestri 2019; Ledford 2024). Recently, ckRNAi was revealed to form an essential component bidirectional between fungi host plants, regulating crosstalk symbiosis immunity, indicating sRNA translocation occurs (Qiao 2023). Furthermore, it has been observed arbuscular cell invasion coincides with formation extracellular vesicles (EVs) membrane tubules (Roth These findings interesting, EVs have shown represent transfer pathways for (such double-strand (dsRNAs), sRNAs, mRNAs, proteins) during plant–pathogen (Cai 2018; He 2023; Wang 2024; Zhang In addition, host- virus-induced gene silencing approaches suitable tools genes roots, supporting movement from root (Helber 2011; Kikuchi 2016). fungi, potential role fungus-to-plant processes remained elusive until Silvestri al. (2019) fungus R. irregularis possesses machinery generates many some which were predicted target mRNAs M. truncatula. also proposed possibly participate symbiosis, similar pathogen–plant interface. this study, (2024) build on their previous work by conducting silico prediction analysis identify its plant Through multiple assays, they achieved first experimental evidence mediates through (Fig. 1a–d), results promotion field biology, provides valuable insight into fungus–plant communication inspires further research mechanisms underlying symbionts. The authors use sequence complementarity approach show Rir2216 is mRNA WRKY69 Heterologous co-expression, 5′ RACE reactions, AGO1-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate direct interaction MtWRKY69. sends sRNA, Rir2216, Medicago hijacking MtAGO1 protein-equipped silence MtWRKY69 post-transcriptional 1d). implications finding exciting. As Nasfi reported, beneficial Serendipita indica SisRNAs translocated Arabidopsis hijack AtAGO1 induce machinery, suggesting model conserved interaction. genetic manipulation hampered fact obligate biotrophs multi-nuclei. Therefore, impossible directly knockout genome present time. However, both constitutive conditional expression strategies overexpress overexpression resulted reduced mycorrhiza formation. very timely. recent review, describe 'the characteristics fungal-derived functional two partners mutually modulate control symbiosis'. Together, provide previously undescribed roots increase colonization levels. A working would be Rir2216-mediated knockdown arbuscule-containing could contribute suppression immunity enabling since WRKY transcription factors expressed response pathogens (Jiang 2017). al.'s rigorous dissection pathway better methodological framework addressing mechanistic issues. This can used validate involvement miRNAs report, highlight key roles Understanding trafficking will help us develop novel effectively promoting nutrition. Despite breakthrough, mysteries remain. Primarily, whether vitro synthetic artificially increases miRNA via treatment (Wang 2016), leading accelerated degradation transcripts. Further investigations delivers other needed Fig. Additionally, precise functions largely unknown so far; indeed, interesting create CRISPR mutant lines order elucidate loss function efficiently promotes Finally, remains 1d), extensively reported summary, publication demonstrates regulate promote sheds light how evolved colonize roots. Moreover, open avenues future. like thank Zoe Irwin, Holly Slater, Francis Martin providing feedback manuscript. grateful Junliang assembly 1. supported National Natural Science Foundation China (nos.: 32370108 32170116). New Phytologist neutral regard jurisdictional claims maps any institutional affiliations.

Язык: Английский

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Plant miRNAs and amino acids interact to shape soil bacterial communities

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Abstract Plants and microbes use many strategies to acquire soil amino acids. Recent findings suggest that genes related acid metabolism transport are influenced by plant miRNAs. This was the first report of a plant-derived molecule with potential modify microbial uptake. Here, we show Arabidopsis modifies its root miRNA content when fertilized mixture 17 The miRNAs responded fertilization other rhizosphere-abundant were applied simplified community, grown diverse sources, test if they interfered community growth, composition consumption. Plant affected community’s growth in over 70 % sources. effectiveness also depended on N source supplied strongest effect observed L-lysine. Specifically, ath-miR159a reduced consumption L-lysine, further supporting can influence relative abundance specific bacterial taxa, which subsequently isolated. All isolates terms exposed Two out three impacted their Surprisingly, while inhibited at both isolate levels, had mostly positive effects. Our results rhizospheric might have role modulating bacteria, but not necessarily competitive framework.

Язык: Английский

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Rhizospheric miRNAs affect the plant microbiota

ISME Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Small ribonucleic acids (RNAs) have been shown to play important roles in cross-kingdom communication, notably plant–pathogen relationships. Plant micro RNAs (miRNAs)—one class of small RNAs—were even regulate gene expression the gut microbiota. miRNAs could also affect rhizosphere Here we looked for plant model plants, and if these We first show that were present Arabidopsis thaliana Brachypodium distachyon. These found or on bacteria extracted from rhizosphere. then at effect plants two typical bacteria, Variovorax paradoxus Bacillus mycoides. The took up a fluorescent synthetic miRNA but only V. shifted its transcriptome when confronted mixture six miRNAs. changed it was grown overexpressed roots. As there differences response isolates used, shifts larger microbial community. observed bacterial communities mutants impaired their RNA pathways, specific growth community composition simplified soil exposed vitro Our results support addition tools shaping assembly.

Язык: Английский

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Scaling up: microbiome manipulation for climate change adaptation in large organic vineyards

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8

Опубликована: Март 13, 2024

Regenerative agriculture offers important solutions to the enormous challenges that climate crisis poses on food production. However, there are doubts about possibility of implementing many these in a particularly sector: large scale. This paper addresses issue, presenting examples large-scale vineyard soil microbiome manipulation Chile. The South American country has strongly faced effects change during last decade and organic viticulture sector is actively seeking strategies adapt new climatic reality. Here results 4 experiments under real production conditions shown. were designed assess adding various microbial consortia key agronomic parameters. Successful as well unsuccessful cases presented, allowing discussion some which can be expected have positive effects. It was found good management conditions, incorporating effective microorganisms parameters (yield, root vegetative growth). when fields yields trending downward for prolonged periods, incorporation (e.g., antagonistic fungi, nutrient-fixing nutrient-solubilizing bacteria) does not effect trend immediately. Similarly, even favorable cannot expressed short term (i.e., just few months). Therefore, its use should conceived long-term strategy, an immediate solution urgent problems.

Язык: Английский

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Applying conventional and cell-type-specific CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in legume plants

aBIOTECH, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024

Abstract The advent of genome editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, has significantly advanced the generation legume mutants for reverse genetic studies and understanding mechanics rhizobial symbiosis. legume–rhizobia symbiosis is crucial sustainable agriculture, enhancing nitrogen fixation improving soil fertility. Numerous genes with a symbiosis-specific expression have been identified, sometimes exclusively expressed in cells forming infection threads or nitrogen-fixing nodule cells. Typically, mutations these do not affect plant growth. However, some instances, germline homozygous can be lethal result complex pleiotropic phenotypes that are challenging to interpret. To address this issue, rhizobia-inducible cell-type-specific CRISPR/Cas9 strategy was developed knock-out specific transgenic root tissues. In review, we discuss recent advancements editing, highlighting CRISPR system its applications symbiotic beyond.

Язык: Английский

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