From genome size to trait evolution during angiosperm radiation

Trends in Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 39(10), С. 728 - 735

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Plant invasion and naturalization are influenced by genome size, ecology and economic use globally

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

Abstract Human factors and plant characteristics are important drivers of invasions, which threaten ecosystem integrity, biodiversity human well-being. However, while previous studies often examined a limited number or focused on specific invasion stage (e.g., naturalization) for regions, multi-factor multi-stage analysis at the global scale is lacking. Here, we employ multi-level framework to investigate interplay between (genome size, Grime’s adaptive CSR-strategies native range size) economic use how these collectively affect naturalization success worldwide. While our findings derived from structural equation models highlight substantial contribution assistance in both spread invasive plants, also uncovered pivotal role species’ strategies among studied, significantly varying influence across stages. We further revealed that effects genome size invasions were partially mediated by species size. Our study provides insights into complex dynamic process identifies its key

Язык: Английский

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Clonal alien plants in the mountains spread upward more extensively and faster than non-clonal

NeoBiota, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 91, С. 29 - 48

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

Alien species are colonizing mountain ecosystems and increasing their elevation ranges in response to ongoing climate change anthropogenic disturbances, posing threats native species. However, how quickly alien spread upward what drives invasion remains insufficiently understood. Here, using 26,952 occurrence records of 58 plant collected over two centuries the Czech Republic, we explored range speed each underlying factors driving these variables. We traits relevant for (e.g., clonality, flowering time, life span, status, height, mycorrhizal type, range, naturalized monoploid genome size, Ellenberg-type indicator values light, temperature, nitrogen), human-associated introduction pathways sum economic use types), minimum residence time. relationships between species’ phylogenetic regressions. Our results showed that have been expanding along elevations Republic past centuries. A stronger effect than has revealed, e.g., clonality was a key trait supporting into mountains, while no effect. findings highlight characteristics associated with rapid reproduction crucial montane regions. Identifying drivers this process is important predicting spatiotemporal dynamics high-altitude thus employing apposite measures reduce threat

Язык: Английский

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The genomic secrets of invasive plants

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Summary Genomics has revolutionised the study of invasive species, allowing evolutionary biologists to dissect mechanisms invasion in unprecedented detail. Botanical research played an important role these advances, driving much what we currently know about key determinants success (e.g. hybridisation, whole‐genome duplication). Despite this, a comprehensive review plant genomics been lacking. Here, aim address this gap, highlighting recent discoveries that have helped progress field. For example, by leveraging natural and experimental populations, botanical confirmed importance large‐effect standing variation during adaptation species. Further, genomic investigations plants are increasingly revealing large structural variants, as well genetic changes induced duplication such redundancy or breakdown dosage‐sensitive reproductive barriers, can play adaptive evolution invaders. However, numerous questions remain, including when chromosomal inversions might help hinder invasions, whether gene reuse is common epigenetically mutations underpin plasticity populations. We conclude other outstanding studies poised answer.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of polyploidy on morphology and distribution of the Cypress Spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias, Euphorbiaceae)

Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(6), С. 998 - 1007

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2024

Abstract Polyploidy can cause differences in phenotypic and physiological traits among different cytotypes of the same species. Polyploids may have larger organs or occupy ecological niches than their diploid counterparts, therefore they are hypothesized to distributions prosper stressful environments, such as higher elevations. The Cypress spurge ( Euphorbia cyparissias L.; Euphorbiaceae) is a widespread European heteroploid species including di‐ (2 x ), tetra‐ (4 ) hexaploid (6 cytotypes. We tested hypotheses that polyploids more abundant at elevations ancestors case E. . also analysed whether genome downsizing had occurred after polyploidisation. conducted comprehensive geographic sampling 617 populations throughout Europe. estimated relative size using flow cytometry inferred ploidy level each population. scored 13 morphological vegetative seed characters performed statistical analyses. study indicates polyploidisation facilitated colonisation new areas , where tetraploids most widespread, whereas diploids limited putative Pleistocene refugia, mostly southern On other hand, three ploidies do not differ elevational distribution. Although some quantitative exhibited an increasing trend with ploidy, did significantly ploidies, there was no overall differentiation them. Given individuals thrive similar habitats across elevations, we suggest segregation following important trigger for itself autopolyploid plants. demonstrates be crucial range expansion, but it does necessarily influence distribution nor confer phenotype.

Язык: Английский

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Genome size variation and evolution during invasive range expansion in an introduced plant

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2023

Abstract Plants demonstrate exceptional variation in genome size across species, and their sizes can also vary dramatically individuals populations within species. This aspect of genetic have consequences for traits fitness, but few studies attributed differentiation to ecological evolutionary processes. Biological invasions present particularly useful natural laboratories infer selective agents that might drive shifts environments population histories. Here, we test hypotheses the causes 14 invading yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis , California, United States. We use a survey trait ask: (1) Is associated with developmental variation? (2) Are smaller toward leading edge expansion, consistent selection “colonizer” traits? Or alternatively, does increase predicted founder effects drift? (3) Finally, are at higher elevations, shorter development times? found 2C DNA content varied 1.21‐fold among all samples, was flowering time variation, such plants larger genomes reproduced later, lower lifetime capitula production. Genome increased invasion, tended decrease drift during range expansion potentially strong faster elevations. These results how contribute directly tied reproductive success, shape variation. highlight influence on dynamics underlying rapid highly problematic invasive plant.

Язык: Английский

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Neopolyploidy increases stress tolerance and reduces fitness plasticity across multiple urban pollutants: support for the “general-purpose” genotype hypothesis

Evolution Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(3), С. 416 - 426

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024

Abstract Whole-genome duplication is a common macromutation with extensive impacts on gene expression, cellular function, and whole-organism phenotype. As result, it has been proposed that polyploids have “general-purpose” genotypes perform better than their diploid progenitors under stressful conditions. Here, we test this hypothesis in the context of stresses presented by anthropogenic pollutants. Specifically, tested how multiple neotetraploid genetic lineages mostly asexually reproducing greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) across favorable control environment 5 urban pollutants (iron, salt, manganese, copper, aluminum). By quantifying population growth rate over generations, found most pollutants, but not all, polyploidy decreased actively growing propagules increased dormant ones. Yet, when considering total propagule production, tolerance to maintained population-level fitness diploids. Furthermore, broad-sense correlations among were all positive neopolyploids so for Our results provide rare support are more tolerant conditions can maintain diploids heterogeneous stresses. These may help predict be likely persist environments, such as those caused urbanization other human activities.

Язык: Английский

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Some like it hot: small genomes may be more prevalent under climate extremes

Biological Invasions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(5), С. 1425 - 1436

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Abstract Changing climates can influence species range shifts and biological invasions, but the mechanisms are not fully known. Using model Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. ( Poaceae ), we conducted a global analysis of climate plant native introduced cytotypes to determine whether this relationship influences population distributions, hypothesizing that smaller genomes more common in regions greater environmental stress. First, identified 598 field-collected genome size variants using flow cytometry. We then evaluated temperature precipitation were associated with P. monoploid (Cx-value) distributions Cx-value Worldclim data. After accounting for potential spatial autocorrelation among source populations, found significantly influenced prevalence on continents. The relationships varied according plants or North America Europe, Cx-values strongly by during dry season. Smaller was stressful abiotic conditions; under extreme high temperatures drought, had Cx-values. This may dominance, expansions contractions as change selects sizes maximize fitness.

Язык: Английский

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Climate and genome size shape the intraspecific variation in ecological adaptive strategies of a cosmopolitan grass species

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(9), С. 2054 - 2066

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2024

Abstract Intraspecific trait variation, essential to Darwin's mechanism of natural selection, has been widely examined for single characters. However, intraspecific variation adaptive strategies which represent trade‐offs among multiple functional traits received less attention, particularly species that are globally distributed or invasive. Grime's competitor, stress tolerator and ruderal (CSR) scheme, well validated in the context alien invasions, provides both theory quantitative methodology investigate strategies. Here, we quantified CSR strategy scores a worldwide collection 89 Phragmites australis genotypes were cultivated common garden. We assessed relationships between scores, genome size climate origin tested whether invasive native lineages differ Substantial strategy, characterized mainly C‐ S‐selection, was observed. As expected, C‐, S‐ R‐scores showed clear latitudinal clines strongly related either origin. Furthermore, more adapted than lineages. conclude this perennial wetland grass varies globally, its surprisingly tolerant invaded range where it first detected ~150 years ago. Read free Plain Language Summary article on Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Stage dependence of Elton’s biotic resistance hypothesis of biological invasions

Nature Plants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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