Oligomerization-mediated autoinhibition and cofactor binding of a plant NLR
Nature,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
632(8026), С. 869 - 876
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding
leucine-rich
repeat
(NLR)
proteins
play
a
pivotal
role
in
plant
immunity
by
recognizing
pathogen
effectors
1,2
.
Maintaining
balanced
immune
response
is
crucial,
as
excessive
NLR
expression
can
lead
to
unintended
autoimmunity
3,4
Unlike
most
NLRs,
the
required
for
cell
death
2
(NRC2)
belongs
small
group
characterized
constitutively
high
without
self-activation
5
The
mechanisms
underlying
NRC2
autoinhibition
and
activation
are
not
yet
understood.
Here
we
show
that
Solanum
lycopersicum
(tomato)
(
Sl
NRC2)
forms
dimers
tetramers
higher-order
oligomers
at
elevated
concentrations.
Cryo-electron
microscopy
shows
an
inactive
conformation
of
these
oligomers.
Dimerization
oligomerization
only
stabilize
state
but
also
sequester
from
assembling
into
active
form.
Mutations
dimeric
or
interdimeric
interfaces
enhance
pathogen-induced
Nicotiana
benthamiana
cryo-electron
structures
unexpectedly
inositol
hexakisphosphate
(IP
6
)
pentakisphosphate
bound
inner
surface
C-terminal
domain
NRC2,
confirmed
mass
spectrometry.
phosphate-binding
site
impair
phosphate
binding
NRC2-mediated
N.
Our
study
indicates
negative
regulatory
mechanism
suggests
phosphates
cofactors
NRCs.
Язык: Английский
Mixed Plant Viral Infections: Complementation, Interference and Their Effects, a Review
Agronomy,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(3), С. 620 - 620
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025
Viral
diseases
are
a
frequent
problem
in
the
agricultural
sector,
causing
significant
economic
losses,
so
their
management
is
constant
challenge
for
producers
and
researchers.
One
of
factors
that
often
complicates
control
viral
plants
mixed
infections,
which
occur
when
two
or
more
viruses
present
plant,
generating
complex
expression
symptoms.
During
infection,
following
types
interactions
basically
occur:
complementation
interference,
effect
produces
synergism,
antagonism,
no
effect.
However,
there
also
subcategories
effects.
This
makes
early
detection
difficult,
this
infection
can
give
competitive
advantage
to
pathogens
involved.
review
presents
updated
information
on
infections
plants,
interaction
categories,
severity
symptoms,
impact
vectors.
The
intention
share
better
understand
etiology
diseases.
Язык: Английский
Balanced plant helper NLR activation by a modified host protein complex
Nature,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
Язык: Английский
A disease resistance protein triggers oligomerization of its NLR helper into a hexameric resistosome to mediate innate immunity
Science Advances,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(45)
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2024
NRCs
are
essential
helper
NLR
(nucleotide-binding
domain
and
leucine-rich
repeat)
proteins
that
execute
immune
responses
triggered
by
sensor
NLRs.
The
resting
state
of
NbNRC2
was
recently
shown
to
be
a
homodimer,
but
the
sensor-activated
remains
unclear.
Using
cryo-EM,
we
determined
structure
NbNRC2,
which
forms
hexameric
inflammasome-like
resistosome.
Mutagenesis
oligomerization
interface
abolished
signaling,
confirming
functional
significance
Comparative
structural
analyses
between
homodimer
homohexamer
revealed
substantial
rearrangements,
providing
insights
into
activation
mechanisms.
Furthermore,
comparisons
hexamer
previously
reported
CC-NLR
pentameric
assemblies
features
allowing
an
additional
protomer
integration.
structure,
assessed
released
AlphaFold
3
for
predicting
activated
oligomers,
revealing
high-confidence
modeling
other
amino-terminal
α1
helices,
region
proven
difficult
resolve
structurally.
Overall,
our
work
sheds
light
on
mechanisms
expands
understanding
diversity.
Язык: Английский
NLR‐mediated antiviral immunity in plants
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
ABSTRACT
Plant
viruses
cause
substantial
agricultural
devastation
and
economic
losses
worldwide.
nucleotide‐binding
domain
leucine‐rich
repeat
receptors
(NLRs)
play
a
pivotal
role
in
detecting
viral
infection
activating
robust
immune
responses.
Recent
advances,
including
the
elucidation
of
interaction
mechanisms
between
NLRs
pathogen
effectors,
discovery
helper
NLRs,
resolution
ZAR1
resistosome
structure,
have
significantly
deepened
our
understanding
NLR‐mediated
responses,
marking
new
era
NLR
research.
In
this
scenario,
significant
progress
has
been
made
study
antiviral
immunity.
This
review
comprehensively
summarizes
plant
research
over
past
decades,
with
focus
on
recognition
activation
regulation,
downstream
signaling,
engineering
NLRs.
Язык: Английский
A hierarchical immune receptor network in lettuce reveals contrasting patterns of evolution in sensor and helper NLRs
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025
ABSTRACT
Nucleotide-binding
domain
and
leucine-rich
repeat
immune
receptors
(NLRs)
are
known
for
their
rapid
evolution,
even
at
the
intraspecific
level,
yet
rates
of
evolution
differ
significantly
across
various
NLR
classes.
Within
NRC
(NLR
Required
Cell
Death)
network,
NLRs
operate
in
complex
sensor-helper
configurations
to
confer
immunity
against
a
diverse
array
pathogens,
particularly
Asterids.
While
helper
typically
conserved
evolve
slowly,
sensor
tend
more
rapidly.
However,
functional
connections
between
slow
fast-evolving
remain
poorly
understood,
notably
important
crop
species.
We
conducted
comparative
analysis
40
Solanales
29
Asterales
genomes
explore
network
expansion
diversification
within
less-studied
order.
Our
findings
reveal
that
has
expanded
less
compared
Solanales.
functionally
validated
minimal
with
2
helpers
9
sensors
common
lettuce
(
Lactuca
sativa
).
Through
selection
structural
modeling
subclades
genus,
we
found
varying
evolutionary
sensors.
correlation
dependency,
reliant
on
phylogenetically
experiencing
limited
pressure.
results
highlight
lineage-
function-specific
offering
insights
into
pressures
shaping
plant
receptor
networks.
Язык: Английский
Helper NLR immune protein NRC3 evolved to evade inhibition by a cyst nematode virulence effector
PLoS Genetics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
21(4), С. e1011653 - e1011653
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025
Parasites
can
counteract
host
immunity
by
suppressing
nucleotide
binding
and
leucine-rich
repeat
(NLR)
proteins
that
function
as
immune
receptors.
We
previously
showed
a
cyst
nematode
virulence
effector
SPRYSEC15
(SS15)
binds
inhibits
oligomerisation
of
helper
NLR
in
the
expanded
NRC1/2/3
clade
preventing
intramolecular
rearrangements
required
for
NRC
into
an
activated
resistosome.
Here
we
examined
degree
to
which
from
multiple
Solanaceae
species
are
sensitive
suppression
SS15
tested
hypotheses
about
adaptive
evolution
interface
between
inhibitor
proteins.
Whereas
all
orthologs
NRC2
were
inhibited
SS15,
some
natural
variants
NRC1
NRC3
insensitive
suppression.
Ancestral
sequence
reconstruction
combined
with
functional
assays
revealed
transitioned
ancestral
suppressed
form
one
over
19
million
years
ago.
Our
analyses
evolutionary
trajectory
receptor
against
parasite
inhibitor,
identifying
key
transitions
NLRs
this
inhibition.
This
work
reveals
distinct
type
gene-for-gene
interaction
or
pathogen
immunosuppressors
receptors
contrasts
coevolution
AVR
effectors
Язык: Английский
Helper NLR immune protein NRC3 evolved to evade inhibition by a cyst nematode virulence effector
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2024
ABSTRACT
Parasites
can
counteract
host
immunity
by
suppressing
nucleotide
binding
and
leucine-rich
repeat
(NLR)
proteins
that
function
as
immune
receptors.
We
previously
showed
a
cyst
nematode
virulence
effector
SPRYSEC15
(SS15)
binds
inhibits
oligomerisation
of
helper
NLR
in
the
expanded
NRC1/2/3
clade
preventing
intramolecular
rearrangements
required
for
NRC
into
an
activated
resistosome.
Here
we
examined
degree
to
which
from
multiple
Solanaceae
species
are
sensitive
suppression
SS15
tested
hypotheses
about
adaptive
evolution
interface
between
inhibitor
proteins.
Whereas
all
orthologs
NRC2
were
inhibited
SS15,
some
natural
variants
NRC1
NRC3
insensitive
suppression.
Ancestral
sequence
reconstruction
combined
with
functional
assays
revealed
transitioned
ancestral
suppressed
form
one
over
19
million
years
ago.
Our
analyses
evolutionary
trajectory
coevolution
parasite
its
receptor
target,
identifying
key
transitions
NLRs
this
inhibition.
This
work
reveals
distinct
type
gene-for-gene
interaction
or
pathogen
immunosuppressors
receptors
contrasts
AVR
effectors
Язык: Английский
Subfunctionalization of NRC3 altered the genetic structure of the Nicotiana NRC network
PLoS Genetics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(9), С. e1011402 - e1011402
Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2024
Nucleotide-binding
domain
and
leucine-rich
repeat
(NLR)
proteins
play
crucial
roles
in
immunity
against
pathogens
both
animals
plants.
In
solanaceous
plants,
activation
of
several
sensor
NLRs
triggers
their
helper
NLRs,
known
as
NLR-required
for
cell
death
(NRC),
to
form
resistosome
complexes
initiate
immune
responses.
While
the
downstream
NRC
helpers
display
diverse
genetic
compatibility,
molecular
evolutionary
events
leading
complex
network
architecture
remained
elusive.
Here,
we
showed
that
NRC3
variants
underwent
subfunctionalization
after
divergence
Solanum
Nicotiana
,
altering
.
Natural
three
allelic
groups
displaying
distinct
compatibilities
with
NLR
Rpi-blb2.
Ancestral
sequence
reconstruction
analyses
natural
chimeric
identified
six
key
amino
acids
involved
sensor-helper
compatibility.
These
residues
are
positioned
on
multiple
surfaces
resting
homodimer,
collectively
contributing
compatibility
Upon
activation,
Rpi-blb2-compatible
membrane-associated
punctate
high
weight
complexes,
confer
resistance
late
blight
pathogen
Phytophthora
infestans
Our
findings
revealed
how
mutations
alleles
lead
subfunctionalization,
increased
complexity
network.
Язык: Английский