Neuron, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109(22), С. 3576 - 3593
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2021
Язык: Английский
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 23(6), С. 488 - 509
Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2019
Visceral signals automatically contribute to shaping spontaneous large-scale brain dynamics, even when not consciously experienced. To what extent ascending visceral can be perceived remains a matter of debate.Neural and behavioral responses external stimuli influenced by temporal contingencies between heartbeats stimuli.Beyond contingencies, the transient neural response evoked each heartbeat plays role in cognitive functions that are usually studied separately, such as emotion, self-related cognition, also subjective visual perception, calling for new theoretical perspectives.Neural may involved generation unified viewpoint consciousness. Most research neuroscience explores how processed brain. However, receives input from internal body. We discuss here heart gastrointestinal (GI) tract intrinsically generate their own electrical activity, thereby continuously sending information These ongoing actively shape dynamics at rest, complementing canonical resting-state networks (RSNs). Cardiac influence processing sensory production spontaneous, cognition. findings discussed relation interpretative frameworks regarding functional inputs. This active field offers unique opportunity draw theories blurring border consciousness, well mind 'The is bombarded environment.' sentence, one form or another, acts an introduction many textbooks articles about perception cognition (e.g., [1.Kandel E.R. et al.Nerve cells, circuitry, behavior.in: Kandel Principles Neural Science. 5th edn. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2013: 21-38Google Scholar]). Although environment sometimes mentioned, vast majority experimental work pertains stimuli. reflects dominant paradigm neuroscience, where agent collects via senses then reacts this producing actions (Figure 1A ). By studying brain, has been highly successful providing mechanistic explanations behavior revealing existence hidden rules variables, instance reward prediction error [2.Schultz W. al.A substrate reward.Science. 1997; 275: 1593-1599Crossref PubMed Scopus (4664) Google Scholar]. In following we review extensions include interplay bodily 1B) account implementation More specifically, focus on (see Glossary), refer reader [3.Critchley H.D. Harrison N.A. influences behavior.Neuron. 2013; 77: 624-638Abstract Full Text PDF (326) Scholar] comprehensive other types somatic influences, including notably humoral immune factors. There several reasons why cardiac GI inputs might The first distinctive feature these two organs they intrinsic oscillatory disconnected weeks gestation until death. will detail later properties – but consider isolated vat, waiting transplanted: it beating. thus differs respiration, [4.Tort A.B.L. al.Respiration-entrained rhythms global often overlooked.Trends Neurosci. 2018; 41: 186-197Abstract (0) A respiratory system inert, because breathing commands generated central nervous (CNS). contrast, both considered oscillators send dynamics. Second, characterized time constants sub-second (heart) 20 s range (stomach), compatible with timescale Importantly, reach only brainstem nuclei subcortical cortical regions tasks. Last least, monitoring variables core function CNS, drive behind life-sustaining behaviors tightly related high-level functions. For basic searching food motivated states hunger, requires search, action planning, navigation, learning memory. Given all features, stand out continuous source so far mostly focused descending heart, analyzing particular pain, stress, physical effort, emotion affect rate heart-rate variability (HRV). article pathways viscera impact emotions potential emotions, thought originate common low-level function, homeostatic/allostatic regulation, would have harnessed evolution develop other, higher-level processes [5.Smith R. al.The hierarchical basis neurovisceral integration.Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2017; 75: 274-296Crossref (40) Homeostasis, concept identified Claude Bernard 19th century, refers automatic adjustment physiological within given range. relevant allostasis Scholar, 6.Sterling P. Eyer J. Allostasis: explain arousal pathology.in: Fisher S. Reason Handbook Life Stress, Cognition Health. John Wiley & Sons, 1988: 629-649Google 7.Ramsay D.S. Woods S.C. 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Язык: Английский
Процитировано
358
Harvard Review of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 28(6), С. 371 - 394
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2020
Abstract Initiating and maintaining behavior change is key to the prevention treatment of most preventable chronic medical psychiatric illnesses. The cultivation mindfulness, involving acceptance nonjudgment present-moment experience, often results in transformative health change. Neural systems involved motivation learning have an important role play. A theoretical model mindfulness that integrates these mechanisms with cognitive, emotional, self-related processes commonly described, while applying integrated change, needed. This integrative review (1) defines describes mindfulness-based intervention movement, (2) synthesizes neuroscience within a mindful self-regulation for understanding complex effects on (3) current clinical research evaluating interventions targeting behaviors relevant care. provides insight into limitations proposes potential be tested future targeted practice enhance impact
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
267
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 22(11), С. 969 - 981
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2018
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
259
Neuron, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 105(6), С. 1094 - 1111.e10
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2020
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
194
Mind & Language, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 35(2), С. 209 - 223
Опубликована: Март 2, 2020
Predictive processing (PP) is now a prominent theoretical framework in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science. This review focuses on PP research with relatively philosophical focus, taking stock discussing new directions. The contains an introduction that describes full toolbox; exploration areas where has advanced understanding perceptual phenomena; discussion PP's impact foundational issues science; consideration science PP. overall picture fruitful framework, exciting directions awaiting exploration.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
174
Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 44(1), С. 63 - 76
Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2020
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
163
American Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 178(8), С. 761 - 770
Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2021
Maintenance of bodily homeostasis relies on interoceptive mechanisms in the brain to predict and regulate state. While altered neural activation during interoception specific psychiatric disorders has been reported many studies, it is unclear whether a common locus underpins transdiagnostic differences.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
147
Brain Structure and Function, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 228(5), С. 1201 - 1257
Опубликована: Май 13, 2023
The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion motivation, but the relationship between these functions performed by brain structures is not clear. To address this, a unified theory of motivation described which motivational states instrumental goal-directed actions to obtain rewards or avoid punishers, emotional that elicited when reward punisher received. This greatly simplifies our understanding for same set genes associated systems can define primary unlearned punishers such as sweet taste pain. Recent evidence on connectivity human indicates value experienced with outputs cortical regions including those language, key region depression changes motivation. has weak effective back humans, implicated brainstem-mediated responses stimuli freezing autonomic activity, rather than declarative emotion. anterior cingulate learning rewards, ventromedial prefrontal providing goals navigation reward-related effects memory consolidation mediated partly via cholinergic system.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
134
Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 374(6570), С. 1010 - 1015
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2021
How does the brain maintain fear within an adaptive range? We found that insular cortex acts as a state-dependent regulator of is necessary to establish equilibrium between extinction and maintenance memories in mice. Whereas responsiveness fear-evoking cues increased with their certainty predict harm, this activity was attenuated through negative bodily feedback arose from heart rate decelerations during freezing. Perturbation body-brain communication by vagus nerve stimulation disrupted balance similar inhibition. Our data reveal integrates predictive sensory interoceptive signals provide graded bidirectional teaching gate illustrate how are used functional equilibrium.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
133
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 26(6), С. 499 - 513
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2022
Patients with neuropsychiatric disorders associated altered emotional or physical experiences show disruptions in interoception.Interoception may be an important target of both existing and novel mental health treatments.Antidepressants modulate aspects interoception specific psychological therapies interoceptive processes, particularly breathing.Medications for certain conditions are better health.Interoceptive measures could used to stratify patients treatment selection. An increasing recognition that brain body dynamically coupled has enriched our scientific understanding conditions. Peripheral signals interact centrally influence how we think feel, generating sense the internal condition body, a process known as interoception. Disruptions this system contribute clinical conditions, including anxiety, depression, psychosis. After reviewing nature disturbances review focuses on pathways putative treatments. Emerging interventions peripheral mechanisms. Future development requires forward- back-translation uncover processes elucidate their efficacy relative targeting other factors. Over century after introduction theories emotion (see Glossary) [1.Lange C.G. James W. The Emotions. Williams Wilkins Co., 1922Crossref Google Scholar], notion physiological is widely accepted [2.Barrett L.F. Are emotions natural kinds?.Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 2006; 1: 28-58Crossref PubMed Scopus (929) Scholar,3.Lindquist K.A. Barrett A functional architecture human brain: emerging insights from science emotion.Trends Cogn. 2012; 16: 533-540Abstract Full Text PDF (237) Scholar]. New techniques combine central driving rapid increase research detailing complex multifaceted ways which bodily state can cognition [4.Azzalini D. et al.Visceral shape dynamics cognition.Trends 2019; 23: 488-509Abstract (86) Recent work shows ranges moment-to-moment mapping, such discrete cardiac cycle effects [5.Garfinkel S.N. Critchley H.D. 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Oxford University Press, 2001Google Scholar] strong beliefs about might override veridical input [9.Koreki A. al.Trait abnormalities dissociation seizure frequency seizures.Epilepsia. 2020; 61: 1156-1165Crossref (21) role relevant disorders, today world's leading cause disability [10.Friedrich M.J. Depression around world.JAMA. 2017; 317: 1517Google efforts characterise disrupted mirror these pathways. In first, direct resultant modulation, vulnerability poor health. Alternatively additionally, sensing perception upregulated downregulated experience symptoms. Traditionally, correlates have been considered context diagnoses. More recently, it suggested instead 'transdiagnostic' mechanisms conferring common across multiple [11.Nord C.L. al.Disrupted dorsal mid-insula activation during psychiatric disorders.Am. J. Psychiatr. 2021; 178: 761-770Crossref (2) Similarly, range effective treatments alter physiology processes. Understanding path reveal routes render current effective, well pave way future designed explicitly disorders. Initial characterisation confined visceral organs [12.Sherrington C. Integrative Action Nervous System. CUP Archive, 1906Google although more recent definitions tend encompass broad set general feeling homeostatic control, needs, organ integrity [13.Craig A.D. How do you feel? Interoception: body.Nat. 2002; 3: 655Crossref Scholar,14.Critchley Garfinkel Interoception emotion.Curr. Opin. 17: 7-14Crossref (207) For review, adopt broader definition originating white paper health: namely, 'the stimuli nervous system' [15.Khalsa S.S. al.Interoception roadmap.Biol. Psychiatry Neuroimaging. 2018; 501-513Abstract (339) includes sensing, interpreting, integrating inside 'providing moment-by-moment mapping body's landscape conscious unconscious levels' This distinct exteroceptive proprioceptive information, does not describe per se, but rather information. But what counts 'internal' stimulus? Some sources heart, Others, system, controversial. references controversial provides table indicating each source 'interoceptive' (Figure 1). drive homeostasis means response glass water depends acutely whether thirsty not. Likewise, throughout profound responses experience? Classical models inference suggest autonomic (ANS) causes affects nonspecific processing. framework, ANS mobilised metabolic demands anticipate behaviours, resulting Scholar,16.Kreibig S.D. 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Psychiatry. 80: 73-81Abstract (71) rats, injection potent activators like endotoxin induce marked anhedonia depression-like symptoms, attenuated completely blocked antidepressant administration [26.Yirmiya Endotoxin produces depressive-like episode rats.Brain Res. 1996; 711: 163-174Crossref (469) studies using typhoid vaccination model activation, mood deterioration enhanced subgenual anterior cingulate face processing, related coactivation cortex (sgACC) involved [27.Harrison al.Inflammation through alterations mesolimbic connectivity.Biol. 2009; 66: 407-414Abstract (505) shifts learning: behavioural punishment (versus reward) adaptive reallocation resources acute sickness, learning perform reward-associated actions, avoid punitive actions. Motivational reorienting explains ability severe Emotional Non-interoceptive substantially experience, [28.Moors Theories causation: review.Cognit. Emot. 625-662Crossref emotion). Cognitive reward, attention, impact (reviewed elsewhere, e.g., [29.Roiser J.P. Sahakian B.J. Hot cold depression.CNS spectrums. 2013; 18: 139-149Crossref (191) Scholar]), shaped dynamic Scholar,30.Critchley cognition.Curr. Behav. 19: 13-18Crossref (14) Even identical, highly differentiated precisely same subjective phenomena people. Therefore, only responses, individual capacity [31.Wiens S. al.Heartbeat detection emotions.Cognit. 2000; 417-427Crossref Quantifying key Perception state, core aspect [14.Critchley arises diverse Anatomically, ascend spinal laminar 1 spinothalamic tract unmyelinated lightly myelinated afferents subdivided into channels (for mechanoreceptor-derived ascending pathway), measured probing various dimensions interoception, accuracy insight (Box Each quantifying [32.Suksasilp Towards comprehensive assessment multi-dimensional framework.Biol. 2022; 168108262Crossref (1) Individual underlie variation population.Box 1Dimensions relevanceInteroception delineated Scholar,15.Khalsa Interoceptive differentially pharmacological, psychological, interventions. Here, provide illustrative examples affecting dimensions.Interoceptive attentionAnxiety self-focus, bias attention cues, sensations [113.Mansell al.Internal anxiety: investigation paradigm.Behav. Ther. 2003; 41: 555-572Crossref Scholar,114.Ewing D.L. al.Sleep linked experiential sleep quality anxiety depression.Biol. 127: 163-172Crossref Therapeutic strategies 'behavioural activation' engagement activities, attentional self.Interoceptive attributionAttribution varies conditions; catastrophic interpretations cardiovascular (such attack) panic disorder, somatoform reduced [115.Okur Güney Z.E. al.Emotion somatic symptom disorders: systematic review.PLoS One. 14e0217277Crossref suggesting disposition interpretations. Interventions therapy (CBT) incorporate attributions.Interoceptive insightInteroceptive (also termed metacognition [70.Garfinkel al.Knowing your own distinguishing awareness.Biol. 2015; 104: 65-74Crossref (576) operationalised confidence–accuracy correspondence tests assess accuracy, alignment FND Preliminary evidence suggests SSRIs [86.Livermore J.J. single oral dose citalopram increases healthy volunteers.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 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Язык: Английский
Процитировано
131