A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 35(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(4), С. 1920 - 1935

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

Abstract The emerging understanding of gut microbiota as ‘metabolic machinery’ influencing many aspects physiology has gained substantial attention in the field psychiatry. This is largely due to overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both potential functionality and biological thought be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised current literature investigating differences composition people major psychiatric disorders, depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD) schizophrenia (SZ), compared ‘healthy’ controls. We also explored across disorders an attempt elucidate commonalities microbial signatures these Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through December 2021. identified 44 studies (including a total 2510 cases 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, which 24 investigated MDD, seven BD, 15 SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for difference number or distribution (α-diversity) bacteria those However, relatively consistent reporting overall community (β-diversity) without specific bacterial taxa commonly including lower levels genera produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher lactic acid-producing bacteria, glutamate GABA metabolism. observed heterogeneity regards methodologies reporting. Further prospective experimental research using new tools robust guidelines hold promise improving our role brain health development interventions based on modification microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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Metagenome-wide association of gut microbiome features for schizophrenia

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2020

Abstract Evidence is mounting that the gut-brain axis plays an important role in mental diseases fueling mechanistic investigations to provide a basis for future targeted interventions. However, shotgun metagenomic data from treatment-naïve patients are scarce hampering comprehensive analyses of complex interaction between gut microbiota and brain. Here we explore fecal microbiome based on 90 medication-free schizophrenia 81 controls identify microbial species classifier distinguishing with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.896, replicate microbiome-based disease 45 (AUC = 0.765). Functional potentials associated include differences short-chain fatty acids synthesis, tryptophan metabolism, synthesis/degradation neurotransmitters. Transplantation schizophrenia-enriched bacterium, Streptococcus vestibularis , appear induces deficits social behaviors, alters neurotransmitter levels peripheral tissues recipient mice. Our findings new leads further cohort studies animal models.

Язык: Английский

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Landscapes of bacterial and metabolic signatures and their interaction in major depressive disorders

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(49)

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2020

Gut microbiome disturbances have been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about how the gut virome, microbiome, and fecal metabolome change, they interact MDD. Here, using whole-genome shotgun metagenomic untargeted metabolomic methods, we identified 3 bacteriophages, 47 bacterial species, 50 metabolites showing notable differences abundance between MDD patients healthy controls (HCs). Patients with were mainly characterized by increased of genus Bacteroides decreased genera Blautia Eubacterium These multilevel omics alterations generated a characteristic coexpression network. Disturbed microbial genes consistently mapped to amino acid (γ-aminobutyrate, phenylalanine, tryptophan) metabolism. Furthermore, combinatorial marker panel that robustly discriminated from HC individuals both discovery validation sets. Our findings provide deep insight into understanding roles disturbed ecosystem

Язык: Английский

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Transplantation of microbiota from drug-free patients with schizophrenia causes schizophrenia-like abnormal behaviors and dysregulated kynurenine metabolism in mice

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25(11), С. 2905 - 2918

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbial molecules in behavioural and neurodegenerative conditions

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(12), С. 717 - 731

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Psychiatry

Current Nutrition Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(3), С. 171 - 182

Опубликована: Май 13, 2020

Abstract Purpose of Review Probiotics are living bacteria, which when ingested in adequate amounts, confer health benefits. Gut microbes suggested to play a role many psychiatric disorders and could be potential therapeutic target. Between the gut brain, there is bi-directional communication pathway called microbiota-gut-brain axis. The purpose this review examine data from recent interventional studies focusing on probiotics gut-brain axis for treatment depression, anxiety schizophrenia. Recent Findings likely improve depression but not Regarding anxiety, only one trial showed an effect multispecies probiotic. However, determinants like duration treatment, dosage interactions have been thoroughly investigated deserve more scientific attention. Summary Microbiome-based therapies such as cautiously recommended enhance beneficial bacteria mood through

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2022

Depression is one of the most poorly understood diseases due to its elusive pathogenesis. There an urgency identify molecular and biological mechanisms underlying depression gut microbiome a novel area interest. Here we investigate relation fecal diversity composition with depressive symptoms in 1,054 participants from Rotterdam Study cohort validate these findings Amsterdam HELIUS 1,539 subjects. We association thirteen microbial taxa, including genera Eggerthella, Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Sellimonas, Lachnoclostridium, Hungatella, Ruminococcaceae (UCG002, UCG003 UCG005), LachnospiraceaeUCG001, Eubacterium ventriosum Ruminococcusgauvreauiigroup, family symptoms. These bacteria are known be involved synthesis glutamate, butyrate, serotonin gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), which key neurotransmitters for depression. Our study suggests that may play role

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota-derived metabolites as drivers of gut–brain communication

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2022

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbes transform metabolize dietary- host-derived molecules generating diverse group metabolites local systemic effects. bi-directional communication between brain residing gut, so-called gut–brain axis, consists network immunological, neuronal, endocrine signaling pathways. Although full variety mechanisms crosstalk is yet to be established, existing data demonstrates that single metabolite or its derivatives are likely among key inductors within axis communication. However, more research needed understand molecular underlying how alter functions, examine if different interventional approaches targeting could used prevention treatment neurological disorders, as reviewed herein.Abbreviations:4-EPS 4-ethylphenylsulfate; 5-AVA(B) 5-aminovaleric acid (betaine); Aβ Amyloid beta protein; AhR Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ASD Autism spectrum disorder; BBB Blood–brain barrier; BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CNS Central nervous system; GABA ɣ-aminobutyric acid; GF Germ-free; MIA Maternal immune activation; SCFA Short-chain fatty 3M-4-TMAB 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; 4-TMAP 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate; TMA(O) Trimethylamine(-N-oxide); TUDCA Tauroursodeoxycholic ZO Zonula occludens proteins

Язык: Английский

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