The diversity and function of sourdough starter microbiomes

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2021

Humans have relied on sourdough starter microbial communities to make leavened bread for thousands of years, but only a small fraction global biodiversity has been characterized. Working with community-scientist network bakers, we determined the diversity 500 starters from four continents. In sharp contrast widespread assumptions, found little evidence biogeographic patterns in communities. Strong co-occurrence observed situ and recreated vitro demonstrate that interactions shape community structure. Variation dough rise rates aromas were largely explained by acetic acid bacteria, mostly overlooked group microbes. Our study reveals extent an ancient fermented food across diverse cultural geographic backgrounds.

Язык: Английский

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Root traits explain plant species distributions along climatic gradients yet challenge the nature of ecological trade-offs

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(8), С. 1123 - 1134

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Trophic interactions between predatory protists and pathogen-suppressive bacteria impact plant health

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(8), С. 1932 - 1943

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Microbial diversity and functions in saline soils: A review from a biogeochemical perspective

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59, С. 129 - 140

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

Soil salinization threatens food security and ecosystem health, is one of the important drivers to degradation many ecosystems around world. microorganisms have extremely high diversity participate in a variety key ecological processes. They are guarantees for soil health sustainable development. However, our understanding function under change increased fragmented. Here, we summarize changes microbial influence diverse natural ecosystems. We particularly focus on bacteria fungi salt stress their emerging functions (such as mediated biogeochemical processes). This study also discusses how use microbiome saline soils deal with supporting ecosystems, puts forward knowledge gaps research directions that need be strengthened future. Due rapid development molecular-based biotechnology (especially high-throughput sequencing technology), community composition functional genes been extensively characterized different habitats. Clarifying responding pattern microbial-mediated nutrient cycling developing utilizing weaken adverse effects plants soil, which guiding significance agricultural production management lands.

Язык: Английский

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Protists as main indicators and determinants of plant performance

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2021

Abstract Background Microbiomes play vital roles in plant health and performance, the development of beneficial microbiomes can be steered by organic fertilizer inputs. Especially well-studied are fertilizer-induced changes on bacteria fungi how these groups alter performance. However, impacts protist communities, including their trophic interactions within microbiome consequences performance remain largely unknown. Here, we tracked entire microbiome, bacteria, fungi, protists, over six growing seasons cucumber under different fertilization regimes (conventional, organic, Trichoderma bio-organic fertilization) linked microbial data to yield identify growth-promoting microbes. Results Yields were higher (bio-)organic treatments. Soil abiotic conditions altered regime, with prominent effects coming from Those treatments also led pronounced shifts protistan especially microbivorous cercozoan protists. We found positive correlations protists density potentially plant-beneficial microorganisms. further explored mechanistic ramifications relationships via greenhouse experiments, showing that positively impact growth, microorganisms Trichoderma, biological agent delivered bio-fertilizer. Conclusions show may central stimulating through interactions. Future agricultural practices might aim specifically enhance or apply those as novel, sustainable biofertilizers.

Язык: Английский

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Core phylotypes enhance the resistance of soil microbiome to environmental changes to maintain multifunctionality in agricultural ecosystems

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(22), С. 6653 - 6664

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2022

Agricultural ecosystems are facing increasing environmental changes. Revealing ecological stability of belowground organisms is key to developing management strategies that maintain agricultural ecosystem services in a changing world. Here, we collected soils from adjacent pairs maize and rice fields along large spatial scale across Eastern Southeast China investigate the importance core microbiota as predictor resistance soil microbiome (e.g. bacteria, fungi protist) climate changes nutrient fertilization, their effect on multiple functions, representing for crop growth health agro-ecosystems. Soil exhibited stronger than soils, by considering aspects index, example, community, phylogenetic conservation network complexity. Community showed geographic pattern, with higher at lower latitudes, suggesting warmer regions. Particularly, highlighted role phylotypes enhancing community microbiome, which was essential maintenance multifunctionality ecosystems. Our results represent significant advance linking therefore forecasting agro-ecosystems dynamics response ongoing These suggest should be considered factor sustainability productivity under global change scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Land-use intensification differentially affects bacterial, fungal and protist communities and decreases microbiome network complexity

Environmental Microbiome, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2022

Soil microbial communities are major drivers of cycling soil nutrients that sustain plant growth and productivity. Yet, a holistic understanding the impact land-use intensification on microbiome is still poorly understood. Here, we used field experiment to investigate long-term consequences changes in intensity based cropping frequency (continuous cropping, alternating with temporary grassland, perennial grassland) bacterial, protist fungal as well their co-occurrence networks.We showed land use has structure composition communities. Grassland arable differed markedly many taxa differentiating between both types. The smallest differences were observed grassland continuous which suggests lasting effects system preceding grasslands. Land-use also affected bacterial networks increased complexity comparing other systems. Similarly, within groups higher connectivity Protists, particularly Rhizaria, dominated associations, they number connections than bacteria fungi all uses.Our findings provide evidence legacy prior microbiome. Whatever use, network analyses highlighted importance protists key element should be considered future work. Altogether, this work provides perspective differential responses various associations agricultural intensification.

Язык: Английский

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Multifunctionality of belowground food webs: resource, size and spatial energy channels

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 97(4), С. 1691 - 1711

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2022

ABSTRACT The belowground compartment of terrestrial ecosystems drives nutrient cycling, the decomposition and stabilisation organic matter, supports aboveground life. Belowground consumers create complex food webs that regulate functioning, ensure stability support biodiversity both below above ground. However, existing soil food‐web reconstructions do not match recently accumulated empirical evidence there is no comprehensive reproducible approach accounts for resource, size spatial structure in soil. Here I build on generic organisation principles use multifunctional classification protists, invertebrates vertebrates, to reconstruct a ‘multichannel’ web across classes soil‐associated consumers. infer weighted trophic interactions among guilds using feeding preferences prey protection traits (evolutionarily inherited traits), distributions (niche overlaps), biomass‐dependent feeding. then reconstruction, together with assimilation efficiencies, calculate energy fluxes assuming steady‐state energetic system. Based fluxes, propose number indicators, related stability, multiple ecosystem‐level functions such as herbivory, top‐down control, translocation transformation matter. illustrate this an example, comparing it traditional resource‐focused reconstruction. multichannel reconstruction can be used assess ‘trophic multifunctionality’ (analogous ecosystem multifunctionality), i.e. simultaneous by web, compare communities spanning beyond With further validation proposed functional could provide effective tool understanding animal diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships This hopefully will inspire more researchers describe belowground–aboveground comprehensively. Such studies informative indicators including active agents biogeochemical models, only locally but also regional global scales.

Язык: Английский

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Rare Species-Driven Diversity–Ecosystem Multifunctionality Relationships are Promoted by Stochastic Community Assembly

mBio, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(3)

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2022

The relative functional importance of rare and abundant species in driving relationships between biodiversity ecosystem functions (BEF) remains unknown. Here, we investigated the roles diversity (multitrophic soil organism groups) on multifunctionality derived from 16 228 agricultural fields relating to crop health. results revealed that species, rather than was positively related multifunctionality. Abundant taxa tended maintain a larger number taxa, while subcommunity contributed more phylotypes supporting single functions. Community assembly processes were closely performance biodiversity, only observed subcommunity. Higher contributions stochastic promoted positive effects multifunctionality, reducing their overall. Our highlight for elucidate linkage ecological BEF relationships. IMPORTANCE highlighted In addition, community Stochastic This study expands current understanding mechanisms underpinning suggests enhances

Язык: Английский

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Experimental impacts of grazing on grassland biodiversity and function are explained by aridity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2023

Grazing by domestic herbivores is the most widespread land use on planet, and also a major global change driver in grasslands. Yet, experimental evidence long-term impacts of livestock grazing biodiversity function largely lacking. Here, we report results from network 10 sites paired grazed ungrazed grasslands across an aridity gradient, including some largest remaining native planet. We show that partly explains responses multifunctionality to grazing. greatly reduced steppes with higher aridity, while had no effects relatively lower aridity. Moreover, found further changed capacity above- below-ground explain multifunctionality. Thus, plant diversity was positively correlated excluded livestock, soil Together, our cross-site experiment reveals depend levels, more arid experiencing negative ecosystem highlight fundamental importance conserving for protecting

Язык: Английский

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