Co-Adaptation of Physical Attributes of the Mammalian Female Reproductive Tract and Sperm to Facilitate Fertilization

Cells, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(6), С. 1297 - 1297

Опубликована: Май 24, 2021

The functions of the female reproductive tract not only encompass sperm migration, storage, and fertilization, but also support transport development fertilized egg through to birth offspring. Further, because is open external environment, it must provide protection against invasive pathogens. In biophysics, are considered “pusher microswimmers”, they propelled by pushing fluid behind them. This type swimming motile microorganisms promotes tendency swim along walls upstream in gentle flows. Thus, architecture tract, flows created cilia, can guide migration. viscoelasticity fluids such as mucus secretions, cooperative that improve fertilization success; at same time, impede invasion review focused on how mammalian interact physically facilitate movement site fertilization. Knowledge female/sperm interactions explain site, be applied for improvement vitro devices.

Язык: Английский

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The anatomy, movement, and functions of human sperm tail: an evolving mystery

Biology of Reproduction, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 104(3), С. 508 - 520

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2020

Abstract Sperms have attracted attention of many researchers since it was discovered by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1677. Though a small cell, its every part has complex structure and different function to play carrying life. Sperm tail is most complicated with more than 1000 proteins involved functioning. With the advent three-dimensional microscopes, studies are undergoing understand exact mechanism sperm movement. Most recent shown that sperms move spinning rather swimming. Each subunit tail, including axonemal, peri-axonemal structures, plays essential roles motility, capacitation, hyperactivation, fertilization. Furthermore, over 2300 genes spermatogenesis. A number genetic mutations been linked abnormal flagellar development leading motility defects male infertility. It found 6% infertility cases related causes, 4% couples intracytoplasmic injection for subfertility chromosomal abnormalities. Hence, an understanding associated normal functioning can help better diagnosis management. There still lot needs be about genes, contributing human development, movement, role fertility. anatomy, surrounding axoneme having 9 + 2 microtubules arrangement along entire length structures contribute In future tail-associated subunits used as markers

Язык: Английский

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Reconstruction of the three-dimensional beat pattern underlying swimming behaviors of sperm

The European Physical Journal E, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 44(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2021

The eukaryotic flagellum propels sperm cells and simultaneously detects physical chemical cues that modulate the waveform of flagellar beat. Most previous studies have characterized beat swimming trajectories in two space dimensions (2D) at a water/glass interface. Here, using refined holographic imaging methods, we report high-quality recordings three-dimensional (3D) bending waves. As predicted by theory, observed an asymmetric planar results circular path, whereas symmetric non-planar twisted-ribbon path. During 3D, human flagella exhibit torsion waves maxima low curvature regions wave. We suggest these are common nature they intrinsic property beating axonemes. discuss how 3D patterns result paths. This study provides new insight into axoneme dynamics, beat, resulting behavior.

Язык: Английский

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The younger flagellum sets the beat for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

Eukaryotes swim with coordinated flagellar (ciliary) beating and steer by fine-tuning the coordination. The model organism for studying flagellate motility, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, employs synchronous, breaststroke-like to swim, it modulates amplitudes differentially steer. This strategy hinges on both inherent asymmetries (e.g. different response chemical messengers) such being effectively in synchronous beating. In C. synchrony of is known be supported a mechanical connection between flagella; however, how persist remains elusive. For example, has been speculated decades that one flagellum leads beating, as its dynamic properties (i.e. frequency, waveform, etc.) appear copied other one. this study, we combine experiments, computations, modeling efforts elucidate roles played each With non-invasive technique selectively load flagellum, show essentially only responds exerted cis flagellum; asymmetry derives from unilateral coupling two flagella. Our results highlight distinct role coordination have implication biflagellates' tactic behaviors.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation-induced oscillatory phototaxis and emergence of ordered density bands in the microswimmerChlamydomonas reinhardtii

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024

Biological microswimmers exhibit versatile taxis behaviors and switch between multiple behavioral states to navigate the environment search for physiologically favorable regions. Here, we report a striking oscillatory phototaxis observed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , where cells swim back-and-forth under constant, unidirectional light stimulus due alternation positive negative phototaxis. This at individual cellular level further leads emergence of highly ordered, propagating band structure formed by high density collectively. We experimentally verify unified mechanism that couples detection, adaptation, flagella dynamics cell reorientation, showing transition modes is achieved switching waveforms modulation phase difference. Oscillatory emerges as semi-stable state an overlapping intensity regime phototaxis, adaptation shifts thresholds over times. time scales enables phototactic effectively expand survival range provide collective photoprotection colonies through formation dynamic structures with density.

Язык: Английский

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Modelling Motility: The Mathematics of Spermatozoa

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2021

In one of the first examples how mechanics can inform axonemal mechanism, Machin's study in 1950s highlighted that observations sperm motility cannot be explained by molecular motors cell membrane, but would instead require distributed along flagellum. Ever since, and hydrodynamics have been recognised as important explaining dynamics, regulation, guidance sperm. More recently, digitisation videomicroscopy, coupled with numerous modelling methodological advances, has bringing forth a new era scientific discovery this field. review, we survey these advances before highlighting opportunities generated for both recent research development further open questions, terms detailed characterisation flagellum beat its mechanics, together associated impact on behaviour. particular, diverse are explored within theme, ranging from collective behaviours emerge individual responses, including responses impacted local microenvironment, to integration separate fields flagellar analysis mechanics.

Язык: Английский

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Multifunctional Metal–Organic Framework Exoskeletons Protect Biohybrid Sperm Microrobots for Active Drug Delivery from the Surrounding Threats

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(49), С. 58382 - 58392

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2021

Utilizing spermatozoa as the engine unit of robotic systems at a microscale has brought revolutionized inspirations and strategies to biomedical community. However, motility sperms is impaired by surrounding threats. For example, antisperm antibody (AsA) can specifically bind with surface antigens on sperm membrane adversely affect their propulsion, hindering operation sperm-based microrobots in practical environments. In present work, we report biohybrid microrobot encapsulating cells within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles (NPs) (ZIFSpermbot), capable active drug delivery cytoprotection from biological threats AsA. ZIF-8 NPs be facilely coated through complexation tannic acid. Such cell engineering negligible impact under optimized conditions. The selective permeability resulting porous wrappings protects ZIFSpermbots specific binding AsA, enabling preservation intrinsic propulsion engine. Besides, sustainably release zinc ions attenuate oxidative damage generated cells, allowing maintenance movement. Combining effective protection drug-loading capacity provides new applicability risky surroundings exhibiting rapid migration microfluidic device for enhanced therapeutic efficacy due retained propulsion. Imparting bioengine-based multifunctional holds great promise designing adaptive robots that endure harsh environments toward locally extended diverse operations, facilitating use clinical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Perspectives on Potential Fatty Acid Modulations of Motility Associated Human Sperm Ion Channels

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(7), С. 3718 - 3718

Опубликована: Март 28, 2022

Human spermatozoan ion channels are specifically distributed in the membrane, contribute to sperm motility, and associated with male reproductive abnormalities. Calcium, potassium, protons, sodium, chloride main ions that regulated across this their intracellular concentrations crucial for motility. Fatty acids (FAs) affect quality parameters, pathologies, fertility, regulate channel functions other cells. However, date literature is insufficient draw any conclusions regarding effects of FAs on human channels. Here, we aimed discern possible direct guidance future research. After investigating characteristics related modulation similar cells by FAs, extrapolated polyunsaturated (PUFAs) have highest potency modulating increase Of PUFAs, ω-3 unsaturated fatty greatest effect. We speculate saturated monounsaturated will little no effect activity, though could be opposite those considering differences between FA structure behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Purcell's swimmer in a shear-thinning fluid

Physical Review Fluids, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(3)

Опубликована: Март 3, 2023

We utilize Purcell's swimmer as a model to probe the impacts of shear-thinning rheology, an ubiquitous non-Newtonian behavior biological fluids, on swimming at low Reynolds numbers. show how propulsion characteristics in fluid differ from that Newtonian terms both magnitude and direction velocity. also demonstrate unequal arm rotational rates can couple with effect induce net vertical motion otherwise impossible fluid.

Язык: Английский

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Human sperm rotate with a conserved direction during free swimming in four dimensions

Journal of Cell Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 136(22)

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023

Head rotation in human spermatozoa is essential for different swimming modes and fertilisation, as it links the molecular workings of flagellar beat with sperm motion three-dimensional (3D) space over time. Determining direction head has been hindered by symmetry translucent nature head, fast 3D driven helical beat. Analysis mostly restricted to two-dimensional (2D) single focal plane image analysis, which enables tracking centre position but not rotation. Despite conserved beating flagellum, reported be uni- or bi-directional, even intermittently change a given cell. Here, we directly measure freely using multi-plane 4D (3D+t) microscopy show that: (1) 2D unable distinguish spermatozoa; (2) non-capacitating capacitating solutions, both aqueous viscous media, counterclockwise (CCW), seen from tail, all rotating spermatozoa, regardless experimental conditions; (3) suppressed 36% medium, although CCW recovered after incubation conditions within same possibly unveiling an unexplored aspect need capacitation fertilisation. Our observations that conserved. It constitutes robust persistent driving mechanism influences navigation time, thus critical importance cell motility, propulsion flagellated microorganisms, motility assessments, reproduction research, self-organisation patterns space.

Язык: Английский

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