Urbanization Impact on Regional Climate and Extreme Weather: Current Understanding, Uncertainties, and Future Research Directions

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 39(6), С. 819 - 860

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2022

Urban environments lie at the confluence of social, cultural, and economic activities have unique biophysical characteristics due to continued infrastructure development that generally replaces natural landscapes with built-up structures. The vast majority studies on urban perturbation local weather climate been centered heat island (UHI) effect, referring higher temperature in cities compared their surroundings. Besides UHI effect waves, urbanization also impacts atmospheric moisture, wind, boundary layer structure, cloud formation, dispersion air pollutants, precipitation, storms. In this review article, we first introduce datasets methods used studying areas through both observation modeling then summarize scientific insights impact various aspects regional extreme based more than 500 studies. We highlight major research gaps challenges our understanding provide perspective recommendations for future priorities directions.城市环境位于社会、文化和经济活动的结合点,城市下垫面具有独特的生物物理特征。在城市化过程中持续的基础设施建设导致自然景观被建筑物替代。在过去很长时间,绝大部分城市影响天气气候的研究和城市热岛效应(城市及上空温度高于周边地区)有关。除了城市热岛效应,城市化也影响大气湿度、风、边界层结构、云的形成、污染物扩散、降水和暴雨。在这篇综述文章中,我们阅览了超过五百篇文献,从观测和模拟两个方面,首先介绍了用于城市化及影响研究的数据资料和方法,总结了城市化影响区域气候和极端天气的各个领域的科学要点。我们也例举了在理解城市化影响方面目前存在的主要问题和挑战,提出了相应的未来研究重点和方向。.

Язык: Английский

---

Urban ecological land and natural-anthropogenic environment interactively drive surface urban heat island: An urban agglomeration-level study in China

Environment International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 157, С. 106857 - 106857

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2021

The surface urban heat island effect (SUHI) that occurs during rapid urbanization increases the health risks associated with high temperatures. Urban ecological land (UEL) has been shown to play an important role in improving stress, however, impact of UEL interactions natural-anthropogenic environment on SUHI at agglomeration-scale is less explored. In this study, Google Earth Engine and GeoDetector were applied characterize spatiotemporal patterns Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2000 2020 by extracting major built-up areas quantifying impacts its factors SUHI. results show evolution landscape structure exhibits clear coupling Specifically, underwent a dispersion degradation process 2000–2015 convergence restoration 2015–2020, correspondingly transitioned intensification continuity mitigation contraction. showed notable reduction, dominance richness patches explained average 19.95% 16.03% SUHI, respectively. Moreover, interaction between rate anthropogenic release had dominant but significantly declined 2015 2020. With implementation projects, topography rapidly increased gradually dominated joint factors. A synthesis varying effects several dynamic relationship development stages agglomeration's regional system may conform Environmental Kuznets Curve. reduction strategies should therefore comprehensively optimize rational allocation structures natural-human elements promote well-being residents.

Язык: Английский

---

Integrated Assessment of Urban Overheating Impacts on Human Life

Earth s Future, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(8)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

Abstract Urban overheating, driven by global climate change and urban development, is a major contemporary challenge that substantially impacts livability sustainability. Overheating represents multifaceted threat to the well‐being, performance, health of individuals as well energy efficiency economy cities, it influenced complex interactions between building, city, scale climates. In recent decades, extensive discipline‐specific research has characterized heat assessed its implications on human life, including ongoing efforts bridge neighboring disciplines. The horizon now encompasses problems involving wide range disciplines, therefore comprehensive integrated assessments are needed address such interdisciplinarity. Here, our objective go beyond review existing literature instead provide broad overview defining holistic pathways for addressing life. We (a) detail characterization hazards exposure across different scales in various (b) identify individual sensitivities overheating increase vulnerability cause adverse populations, (c) elaborate adaptive capacities cities can adopt, (d) document energy, (e) discuss frontiers theoretical applied climatology, built environment design, governance toward reduction at scales. most critical challenges future application identified, targeting both gaps need greater integration assessments.

Язык: Английский

---

Lower Urban Humidity Moderates Outdoor Heat Stress

AGU Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(5)

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2022

Abstract Surface temperature is often used to examine heat exposure in multi‐city studies and for informing urban mitigation efforts due scarcity of air measurements. Cities also have lower relative humidity, traditionally not accounted large‐scale observational risk assessments. Here, using crowdsourced measurements from over 40,000 weather stations ≈600 clusters Europe, we show the moderating effect this urbanization‐induced humidity reduction on outdoor stress during 2019 heatwave. We demonstrate that daytime differences index between their surroundings are weak, associations urban‐rural difference with background climate, generally examined surface perspective, diminished moisture feedbacks. spatial variability temperature, within these clusters—relevant detecting hotspots potential disparities exposure—and find a poor proxy intra‐urban distribution daytime. Finally, vegetation shows much weaker (∼1/6th as strong) than which has broad implications optimizing strategies. These findings valid operational metrics shaded conditions (apparent humidex), thermodynamic proxies (wet‐bulb temperature), empirical indices. Based evidence, lack better alternatives, may be suitable accurately strategies across cities, necessitating more urban‐scale observations urban‐resolving models.

Язык: Английский

---

Surface and canopy urban heat islands: Does urban morphology result in the spatiotemporal differences?

Urban Climate, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 42, С. 101136 - 101136

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Drivers of global surface urban heat islands: Surface property, climate background, and 2D/3D urban morphologies

Building and Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 242, С. 110581 - 110581

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Land surface and air temperature dynamics: The role of urban form and seasonality

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 905, С. 167306 - 167306

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2023

Due to the scarcity of air temperature (Ta) observations, urban heat studies often rely on satellite-derived Land Surface Temperature (LST) characterise near-surface thermal environment. However, there remains a lack quantitative understanding how LST differs from Ta within areas and what are controlling factors their interaction. We use crowdsourced measurements in Sydney, Australia, combined with landscape data, Local Climate Zones (LCZ), high-resolution satellite imagery, machine learning explore influence form fabric interaction between LST. Results show that have distinct spatiotemporal characteristics, relationship by season, ecological infrastructure, building morphology. found greater seasonal variability compared Ta, along more pronounced intra-urban spatial LST, particularly warmer seasons. also observed difference built environment natural LCZs, especially during warm days. Natural LCZs (areas mostly dense scattered trees) showed stronger LST-Ta relationships areas. In particular, we observe higher density (where vulnerability is likely pronounced) insignificant or negative LST- summer. Our results indicate surface cover, distance ocean, seasonality significantly distribution hot cold spots for Ta. The does not always overlap find relying solely as direct proxy inappropriate, densely built-up These findings provide new perspectives canopy temperatures these relate fabric.

Язык: Английский

---

Characteristics of surface urban heat islands in global cities of different scales: Trends and drivers

Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 107, С. 105483 - 105483

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Quantifying the impact of urban trees on land surface temperature in global cities

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 210, С. 69 - 79

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Exacerbated heat stress induced by urban browning in the Global South

Nature Cities, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2(2), С. 157 - 169

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Язык: Английский

---