Historical Contingency in Community Assembly: Integrating Niches, Species Pools, and Priority Effects

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 46(1), С. 1 - 23

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2015

The order and timing of species immigration during community assembly can affect abundances at multiple spatial scales. Known as priority effects, these effects cause historical contingency in the structure function communities, resulting alternative stable states, transient or compositional cycles. mechanisms fall into two categories, niche preemption modification, conditions for by be organized groups, those regarding regional pool properties local population dynamics. Specifically, requirements must satisfied to occur: contains that together dynamics are rapid enough early-arriving preempt modify niches before other arrive. Organizing current knowledge this way reveals an outstanding key question: How pools yield generated maintained?

Язык: Английский

---

Fundamentals of Microbial Community Resistance and Resilience

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 3

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2012

Microbial communities are at the heart of all ecosystems, and yet microbial community behavior in disturbed environments remains difficult to measure predict. Understanding drivers stability, including resistance (insensitivity disturbance) resilience (the rate recovery after is important for predicting response disturbance. Here, we provide an overview concepts stability that relevant communities. First, highlight insights from ecology useful defining measuring stability. To determine whether general disturbance responses exist communities, next examine representative studies literature investigated press (long-term) pulse (short-term) disturbances a variety habitats. Then discuss biological features individual microorganisms, populations, may govern overall We conclude with thoughts about unique systems perspectives - informed by meta-omics data

Язык: Английский

---

Algae as nutritional and functional food sources: revisiting our understanding

Journal of Applied Phycology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 29(2), С. 949 - 982

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2016

Язык: Английский

---

Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease

Genome Medicine, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2016

The human gut harbors more than 100 trillion microbial cells, which have an essential role in metabolic regulation via their symbiotic interactions with the host. Altered ecosystems been associated increased and immune disorders animals humans. Molecular linking microbiota host energy metabolism, lipid accumulation, immunity also identified. However, exact mechanisms that link specific variations composition of development obesity diseases humans remain obscure owing to complex etiology these pathologies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about mechanistic between microbiota, system context disease, a focus on importance axis links microbes inflammation. Finally, therapeutic approaches aimed at reshaping ecosystem regulate related pathologies, as well challenges area.

Язык: Английский

---

Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) gastrointestinal microbiomes

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 7(7), С. 1344 - 1353

Опубликована: Март 14, 2013

Язык: Английский

---

Host Biology in Light of the Microbiome: Ten Principles of Holobionts and Hologenomes

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 13(8), С. e1002226 - e1002226

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2015

Groundbreaking research on the universality and diversity of microorganisms is now challenging life sciences to upgrade fundamental theories that once seemed untouchable. To fully appreciate change field undergoing, one has place epochs foundational principles Darwin, Mendel, modern synthesis in light current advances are enabling a new vision for central importance microbiology. Animals plants no longer heralded as autonomous entities but rather biomolecular networks composed host plus its associated microbes, i.e., "holobionts." As such, their collective genomes forge "hologenome," models animal plant biology do not account these intergenomic associations incomplete. Here, we integrate concepts into historical contemporary visions summarize predictive refutable framework evaluation. Specifically, present ten clarify append what not, explain how they both support extend existing theory sciences, discuss potential ramifications multifaceted approaches zoology botany. We anticipate conceptual evidence-based foundation provided this essay will serve roadmap hypothesis-driven, experimentally validated holobionts hologenomes, thereby catalyzing continued fusion biology's subdisciplines. At time when symbiotic microbes recognized all aspects biology, holobiont hologenome afford holistic view biological complexity consistent with generally reductionist biology.

Язык: Английский

---

A Symbiotic View of Life: We Have Never Been Individuals

The Quarterly Review of Biology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 87(4), С. 325 - 341

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2012

The notion of the "biological individual" is crucial to studies genetics, immunology, evolution, development, anatomy, and physiology. Each these biological subdisciplines has a specific conception individuality, which historically provided conceptual contexts for integrating newly acquired data. During past decade, nucleic acid analysis, especially genomic sequencing high-throughput RNA techniques, challenged each disciplinary definitions by finding significant interactions animals plants with symbiotic microorganisms that disrupt boundaries heretofore had characterized individual. Animals cannot be considered individuals anatomical or physiological criteria because diversity symbionts are both present functional in completing metabolic pathways serving other functions. Similarly, new have shown animal development incomplete without symbionts. Symbionts also constitute second mode genetic inheritance, providing selectable variation natural selection. immune system develops, part, dialogue thereby functions as mechanism microbes into animal-cell community. Recognizing "holobiont"--the multicellular eukaryote plus its colonies persistent symbionts--as critically important unit physiology, evolution opens up investigative avenues conceptually challenges ways living entities.

Язык: Английский

---

Diet Dominates Host Genotype in Shaping the Murine Gut Microbiota

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 17(1), С. 72 - 84

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2014

Язык: Английский

---

Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 20(9), С. 509 - 518

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2014

Язык: Английский

---

Host lifestyle affects human microbiota on daily timescales

Genome biology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 15(7)

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2014

Disturbance to human microbiota may underlie several pathologies. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how lifestyle affects the dynamics human-associated microbial communities.Here, link over 10,000 longitudinal measurements wellness and action daily gut salivary two individuals course one year. These time series show overall communities be stable for months. However, rare events in each subjects’ life rapidly broadly impacted dynamics. Travel from developed developing world subject led nearly two-fold increase Bacteroidetes Firmicutes ratio, which reversed upon return. Enteric infection other resulted permanent decline most bacterial taxa, were replaced by genetically similar species. Still, even during periods community stability, select taxa could associated with specific host behaviors. Most prominently, changes fiber intake positively correlated next-day abundance among 15% members.Our findings suggest that although are generally stable, they can quickly profoundly altered common actions experiences.

Язык: Английский

---