Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Март 26, 2018
Abstract
Microglia
are
highly
motile
glial
cells
that
proposed
to
mediate
synaptic
pruning
during
neuronal
circuit
formation.
Disruption
of
signaling
between
microglia
and
neurons
leads
an
excess
immature
connections,
thought
be
the
result
impaired
phagocytosis
synapses
by
microglia.
However,
until
now
direct
has
not
been
reported
fundamental
questions
remain
about
precise
structures
phagocytic
mechanisms
involved.
Here
we
used
light
sheet
fluorescence
microscopy
follow
microglia–synapse
interactions
in
developing
organotypic
hippocampal
cultures,
complemented
a
3D
ultrastructural
characterization
using
correlative
electron
(CLEM).
Our
findings
define
set
dynamic
interactions,
including
selective
partial
phagocytosis,
or
trogocytosis
(
trogo
-:
nibble),
presynaptic
induction
postsynaptic
spine
head
filopodia
These
allow
us
propose
mechanism
for
facilitatory
role
remodeling
maturation.
Annual Review of Immunology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
35(1), С. 441 - 468
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2017
Microglia
are
resident
cells
of
the
brain
that
regulate
development,
maintenance
neuronal
networks,
and
injury
repair.
serve
as
macrophages
but
distinct
from
other
tissue
owing
to
their
unique
homeostatic
phenotype
tight
regulation
by
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
microenvironment.
They
responsible
for
elimination
microbes,
dead
cells,
redundant
synapses,
protein
aggregates,
particulate
soluble
antigens
may
endanger
CNS.
Furthermore,
primary
source
proinflammatory
cytokines,
microglia
pivotal
mediators
neuroinflammation
can
induce
or
modulate
a
broad
spectrum
cellular
responses.
Alterations
in
functionality
implicated
development
aging,
well
neurodegeneration.
Recent
observations
about
ontogeny
combined
with
extensive
gene
expression
profiling
novel
tools
study
biology
have
allowed
us
characterize
microglial
phenotypes
during
homeostasis,
disease.
In
this
article,
we
review
recent
advances
our
understanding
microglia,
contribution
involvement
Moreover,
highlight
complexity
targeting
therapeutic
intervention
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2020
A
substantial
body
of
evidence
supports
that
the
gut
microbiota
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
regulation
metabolic,
endocrine
and
immune
functions.
In
recent
years,
there
has
been
growing
recognition
involvement
modulation
multiple
neurochemical
pathways
through
highly
interconnected
gut-brain
axis.
Although
amazing
scientific
breakthroughs
over
last
few
years
have
expanded
our
knowledge
on
communication
between
microbes
their
hosts,
underpinnings
microbiota-gut-brain
crosstalk
remain
to
be
determined.
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
main
metabolites
produced
colon
by
bacterial
fermentation
dietary
fibers
resistant
starch,
are
speculated
play
key
neuro-immunoendocrine
regulation.
However,
underlying
mechanisms
which
SCFAs
might
influence
brain
physiology
behavior
not
fully
elucidated.
this
review,
we
will
outline
current
about
interactions.
We
also
highlight
how
development
future
treatments
for
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
disorders
can
take
advantage
intimate
mutual
interactions
with
exploring
function.
Science,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
353(6301), С. 777 - 783
Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2016
Neurodegenerative
diseases
such
as
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
and
frontotemporal
lobar
dementia
are
among
the
most
pressing
problems
of
developed
societies
with
aging
populations.
Neurons
carry
out
essential
functions
signal
transmission
network
integration
in
central
nervous
system
main
targets
neurodegenerative
disease.
In
this
Review,
I
address
how
neuron's
environment
also
contributes
to
neurodegeneration.
Maintaining
an
optimal
milieu
for
neuronal
function
rests
supportive
cells
termed
glia
blood-brain
barrier.
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
that
neurodegeneration
occurs
part
because
is
affected
during
disease
a
cascade
processes
collectively
neuroinflammation.
These
observations
indicate
therapies
targeting
glial
might
provide
benefit
those
afflicted
by
disorders.
The Journal of Cell Biology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
217(2), С. 459 - 472
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2017
Proliferation
and
activation
of
microglia
in
the
brain,
concentrated
around
amyloid
plaques,
is
a
prominent
feature
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD).
Human
genetics
data
point
to
key
role
for
pathogenesis
AD.
The
majority
risk
genes
AD
are
highly
expressed
(and
many
selectively
expressed)
by
brain.
There
mounting
evidence
that
protect
against
incidence
AD,
as
impaired
microglial
activities
altered
responses
β-amyloid
associated
with
increased
risk.
On
other
hand,
there
also
abundant
activated
can
be
harmful
neurons.
Microglia
mediate
synapse
loss
engulfment
synapses,
likely
via
complement-dependent
mechanism;
they
exacerbate
tau
pathology
secrete
inflammatory
factors
injure
neurons
directly
or
neurotoxic
astrocytes.
Gene
expression
profiles
indicate
multiple
states
neurodegenerative
settings,
which
might
explain
disparate
roles
development
progression
pathology.
