Inclusive conservation and the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Tensions and prospects

One Earth, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(3), С. 252 - 264

Опубликована: Март 1, 2022

The draft Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework commits to achievement of equity and justice outcomes represents a "relational turn" in how we understand inclusive conservation. Although "inclusivity" is drawn on as means engage diverse stakeholders, widening the framing inclusivity can create new tensions with regard manage protected areas. We first offer set that emerge light relational turn biodiversity Drawing global case examples applying multiple methods conservation, then demonstrate that, by actively engaging interdependent phases recognizing hybridity, enabling conditions for reflexivity partnership building, not only be acknowledged but softened and, some cases, reframed when managing biodiversity, equity, goals. results improve stakeholder engagement area management, ultimately supporting better implementation targets.

Язык: Английский

---

The positive impact of conservation action

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 384(6694), С. 453 - 458

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Governments recently adopted new global targets to halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity. It is therefore crucial understand outcomes conservation actions. We conducted a meta-analysis 186 studies (including 665 trials) that measured biodiversity over time compared under action with suitable counterfactual no action. find in two-thirds cases, either improved state or at least slowed declines. Specifically, we interventions targeted species ecosystems, such as invasive control, habitat reduction restoration, protected areas, sustainable management, are highly effective have large effect sizes. This provides strongest evidence date actions successful but require transformational scaling up meet targets.

Язык: Английский

---

Conservation of Tropical Forests in the Anthropocene

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(19), С. R1008 - R1020

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

---

Effectiveness of protected areas in conserving tropical forest birds

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2020

Abstract Protected areas (PAs) are the cornerstones of global biodiversity conservation efforts, but to fulfil this role they must be effective at conserving ecosystems and species that occur within their boundaries. Adequate monitoring datasets allow comparing between protected unprotected sites lacking in tropical regions. Here we use largest citizen science dataset – eBird quantify extent which eight forest hotspots retaining bird diversity. We find generally positive effects protection on diversity forest-dependent, endemic hotspots, or threatened Near Threatened, not overall richness. Furthermore, show most examined benefit is driven by preventing both loss degradation. Our results provide evidence that, average, contribute measurably some world’s diverse terrestrial ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

---

Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement as a threat to iconic protected areas

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 33(6), С. 1275 - 1285

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2019

Abstract Protected areas (PAs) are expected to conserve nature and provide ecosystem services in perpetuity, yet widespread protected area downgrading, downsizing, degazettement (PADDD) may compromise these objectives. Even iconic vulnerable PADDD, although PADDD events often unrecognized. We identified 23 enacted proposed within World Natural Heritage Sites examined the history, context, consequences of 4 PAs (Yosemite National Park, Arabian Oryx Sanctuary, Yasuní Virunga Park). Based on insights from published research international workshops, cases revealed diverse pressures brought by competing interests develop or exploit natural landscapes variety mechanisms that enables PADDD. Knowledge gaps exist understanding conditions through which development translate their impacts, partially due a lack comprehensive records. Future priorities should include regional country‐level profiles analysis risks, contextual factors related Policy options better govern improving tracking reporting events, establishing transparent policy processes, coordinating among legal frameworks, mitigating negative impacts To support reforms, enhanced human financial capacities needed train local researchers host publicly accessible data. As conservation community considers achievements Aichi Target 11 moves toward new biodiversity targets beyond 2020, researchers, practitioners, makers need work together track, assess, globally.

Язык: Английский

---

Evaluating the social and ecological effectiveness of partially protected marine areas

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 35(3), С. 921 - 932

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2021

Abstract Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a primary tool for the stewardship, conservation, and restoration of marine ecosystems, yet 69% global MPAs only partially (i.e., open to some form fishing). Although fully have well‐documented outcomes, including increased fish diversity biomass, effectiveness is contested. Partially may provide benefits in contexts be warranted social reasons, outcomes often depend on achieving their ecological goals distinguish them from justify cost protection. We assessed perceptions 18 19 compared with along 7000 km coast southern Australia. used mixed methods, gathering data via semistructured interviews, site surveys, Reef Life (underwater visual census) surveys. analyzed qualitative accordance grounded theory quantitative multivariate univariate linear mixed‐effects models. found no or relative our study. had more fish, invertebrates, algae than areas; were poorly understood by coastal users; not attractive perceived better life areas. These findings an important counterpoint large‐scale meta‐analyses that conclude can ecologically effective but draw this conclusion based narrower measures. argue act as red herrings conservation because they create illusion protection consume scarce resources little gain over Fully areas, contrast, species biomass well understood, supported, valued public. They improving time keeping actual results. Conservation improved upgrading higher levels conversion

Язык: Английский

---

Forest-linked livelihoods in a globalized world

Nature Plants, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(12), С. 1400 - 1407

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Perspectives on area‐based conservation and its meaning for future biodiversity policy

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 35(1), С. 168 - 178

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2020

Abstract During 2021, Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are expected meet in Kunming, China, agree a new global biodiversity framework aimed at halting and reversing loss, encouraging sustainable use of biodiversity, ensuring equitable sharing its benefits. As post‐2020 evolves, parties convention being exposed range perspectives conservation relating future as whole or aspects it. Area‐based measures one such aspect, there diverse how targets might be framed relation these measures. These represent different outlooks relationship between human nonhuman life Earth. However, most cases is lack clarity they would implemented practice, implications this have for well‐being, contribute achieving 2050 Vision Biodiversity “living harmony with nature.” We sought clarify issues by summarizing some area‐based conservation. identified through review literature expert consultation workshops compiled them into 4 main groups: Aichi+, ambitious perspectives, conservation, whole‐earth found that although Aichi+ earth odds another, also commonalities, all elements can developing implementing longer term CBD Vision.

Язык: Английский

---

A policy-driven framework for conserving the best of Earth’s remaining moist tropical forests

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(10), С. 1377 - 1384

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Freshwater fish diversity hotspots for conservation priorities in the Amazon Basin

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 34(4), С. 956 - 965

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2020

Conserving freshwater habitats and their biodiversity in the Amazon Basin is a growing challenge face of rapid anthropogenic changes. We used most comprehensive fish-occurrence database available (2355 valid species; 21,248 sampling points) 3 ecological criteria (irreplaceability, representativeness, vulnerability) to identify hotspots based on 6 conservation templates (3 proactive, 1 reactive, representative, balanced) provide set alternative planning solutions for fish protection Basin. identified empirically each template 17% sub-basins that should be conserved performed prioritization analysis by identifying current future (2050) threats (i.e., degree deforestation habitat fragmentation dams). Two our proactive had around 65% surface covered protected areas; high levels irreplaceability (60% endemics) representativeness (71% Amazonian fauna); low vulnerability. These 2 templates, then, seemed more robust prioritization. The selected these not immediately threatened human activities, host largest part biodiversity. They could easily if no additional occur between now 2050.Puntos Calientes de Diversidad Peces Agua Dulce para las Prioridades Conservación en la Cuenca del Amazonas Resumen Cada día, conservación los hábitats agua dulce y su biodiversidad cuenca es un reto creciente cara rápidos cambios antropogénicos. Usamos base datos presencia peces más completa que existe (2,355 especies válidas; puntos muestreo) tres criterios ecológicos (carácter irremplazable, representatividad vulnerabilidad) identificar calientes con seis patrones (tres proactivos, uno reactivo, representativo balanceado) así proporcionar conjunto soluciones alternativas planeación protección Amazonas. Identificamos cada patrón manera empírica el subcuencas deberían conservarse realizamos análisis priorización identificando amenazas actuales futuro (es decir, grado deforestación fragmentación hábitat causado por presas). Dos nuestros proactivos tuvieron alrededor superficie cubierta áreas protegidas; niveles altos carácter irremplazable endémicas) fauna ictiológica Amazonas); una vulnerabilidad baja actual futuro. Entonces, estos dos parecen estar completos conservación. El está amenazado actividades humanas corto plazo. Además, estas albergan mayor parte amazónica. Se podrían conservar fácilmente si ninguna amenaza adicional sucede entre ahora 2050.

---