Molecular Systems Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
17(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2021
Broad-spectrum
antibiotics
target
multiple
gram-positive
and
gram-negative
bacteria,
can
collaterally
damage
the
gut
microbiota.
Yet,
our
knowledge
of
extent
damage,
antibiotic
activity
spectra,
resistance
mechanisms
microbes
is
sparse.
This
limits
ability
to
mitigate
microbiome-facilitated
spread
resistance.
In
addition
antibiotics,
non-antibiotic
drugs
affect
human
microbiome,
as
shown
by
metagenomics
well
in
vitro
studies.
Microbiome-drug
interactions
are
bidirectional,
also
modulate
drugs.
Chemical
modifications
mostly
function
antimicrobial
mechanisms,
while
metabolism
non-antibiotics
change
drugs'
pharmacodynamic,
pharmacokinetic,
toxic
properties.
Recent
studies
have
started
unravel
extensive
capacity
metabolize
drugs,
relevance
such
events
for
drug
treatment.
These
findings
raise
question
whether
which
degree
these
reciprocal
drug-microbiome
will
differ
across
individuals,
how
take
them
into
account
discovery
precision
medicine.
review
describes
recent
developments
field
discusses
future
study
areas
that
benefit
from
systems
biology
approaches
better
understand
mechanistic
role
microbiota
actions.
Microbial
roles
in
cancer
formation,
diagnosis,
prognosis,
and
treatment
have
been
disputed
for
centuries.
Recent
studies
provocatively
claimed
that
bacteria,
viruses,
and/or
fungi
are
pervasive
among
cancers,
key
actors
immunotherapy,
engineerable
to
treat
metastases.
Despite
these
findings,
the
number
of
microbes
known
directly
cause
carcinogenesis
remains
small.
Critically
evaluating
building
frameworks
such
evidence
light
modern
biology
is
an
important
task.
In
this
Review,
we
delineate
between
causal
complicit
trace
common
themes
their
influence
through
host's
immune
system,
herein
defined
as
immuno-oncology-microbiome
axis.
We
further
review
intratumoral
approaches
manipulate
gut
or
tumor
microbiome
while
projecting
next
phase
experimental
discovery.
The
functional
diversity
of
the
mammalian
intestinal
microbiome
far
exceeds
that
host
organism,
and
microbial
genes
contribute
substantially
to
well-being
host.
However,
beneficial
gut
organisms
can
also
be
pathogenic
when
present
in
or
other
locations
body.
Among
dominant
bacteria
are
several
species
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2020
The
human
microbiota
has
a
fundamental
role
in
host
physiology
and
pathology.
Gut
microbial
alteration,
also
known
as
dysbiosis,
is
condition
associated
not
only
with
gastrointestinal
disorders
but
diseases
affecting
other
distal
organs.
Recently
it
became
evident
that
the
intestinal
bacteria
can
affect
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
inflammation.
tract
are
communicating
through
bidirectional
network
of
signaling
pathways
called
gut-brain
axis,
which
consists
multiple
connections,
including
vagus
nerve,
immune
system,
bacterial
metabolites
products.
During
these
dysregulated
altered
permeability
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
neuroinflammation.
However,
numerous
mechanisms
behind
impact
gut
neuro-development
-pathogenesis
remain
poorly
understood.
There
several
involved
CNS
homeostasis
Among
those,
inflammasome
pathway
been
linked
to
neuroinflammatory
conditions
such
sclerosis,
Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
diseases,
anxiety
depressive-like
disorders.
complex
assembles
upon
cell
activation
due
exposure
microbes,
danger
signals,
or
stress
lead
production
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
(interleukin-1β
interleukin-18)
pyroptosis.
Evidences
suggest
there
reciprocal
influence
brain.
how
this
precisely
working
yet
be
discovered.
Herein,
we
discuss
status
knowledge
open
questions
field
focusing
on
function
products
cells
during
healthy
inflammatory
conditions,
neuropsychiatric
In
particular,
focus
innate
mechanism
certain
microbes.
Coronary
artery
disease
(CAD)
is
the
most
common
health
problem
worldwide
and
remains
leading
cause
of
morbidity
mortality.
Over
past
decade,
it
has
become
clear
that
inhabitants
our
gut,
gut
microbiota,
play
a
vital
role
in
human
metabolism,
immunity,
reactions
to
diseases,
including
CAD.
Although
correlations
have
been
shown
between
CAD
demonstration
potential
causal
relationships
much
more
complex
challenging.
In
this
review,
we
will
discuss
direct
indirect
roots
microbiota
development
via
microbial
metabolites
interaction
with
immune
system.
Uncovering
relationship
can
lead
novel
microbiome-based
preventative
therapeutic
interventions.
However,
an
interdisciplinary
approach
required
shed
light
on
bacterial-mediated
mechanisms
(e.g.,
using
advanced
nanomedicine
technologies
incorporation
demographic
factors
such
as
age,
sex,
ethnicity)
enable
efficacious
high-precision
strategies
for
Science,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
369(6506), С. 936 - 942
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2020
Phages
and
cancer
immunity
Gut
bacteria
are
involved
in
the
education
of
T
cell
immune
responses,
intestinal
ecosystem
influences
anticancer
immunity.
Fluckiger
et
al.
report
microbial
antigens
that
might
cross-react
with
associated
tumor
cells.
They
found
a
type
called
enterococci
harbor
bacteriophage
modulates
responses.
In
mouse
models,
administration
containing
boosted
responses
after
treatment
chemotherapy
or
programmed
death
protein
1
(PD-1)
blockade.
humans,
presence
was
improved
survival
PD-1
immunotherapy.
A
fraction
human
cells
specific
for
naturally
processed
melanoma
epitopes
appeared
to
be
able
recognize
peptides.
This
“molecular
mimicry”
may
represent
cross-reactivity
between
tumors
antigens.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
936
Gut,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
71(7), С. 1412 - 1425
Опубликована: Март 11, 2022
Despite
the
promising
advances
in
novel
cancer
therapy
such
as
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs),
limitations
including
therapeutic
resistance
and
toxicity
remain.
In
recent
years,
relationship
between
gut
microbiota
has
been
extensively
studied.
Accumulating
evidence
reveals
role
of
defining
efficacy
toxicity.
Unlike
host
genetics,
can
be
easily
modified
via
multiple
strategies,
faecal
transplantation
(FMT),
probiotics
antibiotics.
Preclinical
studies
have
identified
mechanisms
on
how
microbes
influence
treatment
outcomes.
Clinical
trials
also
demonstrated
potential
modulation
treatments.
Herein,
we
review
mechanistic
insights
microbial
interactions
with
chemotherapy
ICIs,
particularly
focusing
interplay
bacteria
pharmacokinetics
(eg,
metabolism,
enzymatic
degradation)
or
pharmacodynamics
immunomodulation)
treatment.
The
translational
basic
findings
clinical
settings
is
then
explored,
using
predictive
biomarkers
by
antibiotics,
probiotics,
prebiotics,
dietary
modulations
FMT.
We
further
discuss
current
patients
suggest
essential
directions
for
future
study.
era
personalised
medicine,
it
crucial
to
understand
its
cancer.
Manipulating
augment
responses
provide
new
into
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(3), С. 605 - 605
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2020
The
importance
of
gut
microbiota
in
health
and
disease
is
being
highlighted
by
numerous
research
groups
worldwide.
Atherosclerosis,
the
leading
cause
heart
stroke,
responsible
for
about
50%
all
cardiovascular
deaths.
Recently,
dysbiosis
has
been
identified
as
a
remarkable
factor
to
be
considered
pathogenesis
diseases
(CVDs).
In
this
review,
we
briefly
discuss
how
external
factors
such
dietary
physical
activity
habits
influence
host-microbiota
atherogenesis,
potential
mechanisms
host
blood
pressure
alterations
prevalence
those
bacterial
genera
affecting
vascular
tone
development
hypertension.
We
will
also
examining
therapeutic
target
prevention
CVDs
beneficial
probiotic
administration
related
risks.
All
these
new
insights
might
lead
novel
analysis
CVD
therapeutics
based
on
microbiota.
