Digital mapping of GlobalSoilMap soil properties at a broad scale: A review

Geoderma, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 409, С. 115567 - 115567

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2021

Soils are essential for supporting food production and providing ecosystem services but under pressure due to population growth, higher demand, land use competition. Because of the effort ensure sustainable soil resources, demand current, updatable information capable decisions across scales is increasing. Digital mapping (DSM) addresses drawbacks conventional has been increasingly used delivering in a time- cost-efficient manner with spatial resolution, better map accuracy, quantified uncertainty estimates. We reviewed 244 articles published between January 2003 July 2021 then summarised progress broad-scale (spatial extent >10,000 km2) DSM, focusing on 12 mandatory properties GlobalSoilMap. observed that DSM publications continued increase exponentially; however, majority (74.6%) focused applications rather than methodology development. China, France, Australia, United States were most active countries, Africa South America lacked country-based products. Approximately 78% organic matter/carbon content carbon stocks because their significant role security climate regulation. Half topsoil only (<30 cm), studies deep (100–200 cm) less represented (21.7%). Relief, organisms, three frequently environmental covariates DSM. Nonlinear models (i.e. machine learning) have capacity manage complex interactions covariates. Soil pH was best predicted property (average R2 0.60, 0.63, 0.56 at 0–30, 30–100, 100–200 cm). Other relatively well-predicted clay, silt, sand, (SOC), matter (SOM), SOC stocks, bulk density, coarse fragments depth poorly (R2 < 0.28). In addition, decreasing model performance deeper intervals found properties. Further research should pursue rescuing legacy data, sampling new data guided by well-designed schemas, collecting representative covariates, improving interpretability advanced predictive models, relating indicators such as accuracy precision cost-benefit risk assessment analysis decision support; moving from static dynamic DSM; high-quality, fine-resolution digital maps address global challenges related resources.

Язык: Английский

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Blind spots in global soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2020

Soils harbor a substantial fraction of the world's biodiversity, contributing to many crucial ecosystem functions. It is thus essential identify general macroecological patterns related distribution and functioning soil organisms support their conservation consideration by governance. These analyses need represent diversity environmental conditions that can be found worldwide. Here we characterize existing gaps in taxa data across studies 17,186 sampling sites globe. include important spatial, environmental, taxonomic, functional gaps, an almost complete absence temporally explicit data. We also limitations explore biodiversity-ecosystem relationships, with only 0.3% all having both information about biodiversity function, although different taxonomic groups functions at each site. Based on this information, provide clear priorities expand research. Soil organism contributes but function have not been equivalently studied authors locations, environment types, for which there currently lack literature.

Язык: Английский

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Soil and Human Health: Current Status and Future Needs

Air Soil and Water Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Soil influences human health in a variety of ways, with being linked to the soil. Historically, emphasis has been placed on negative impacts that soils have health, including exposures toxins and pathogenic organisms or problems created by growing crops nutrient-deficient soils. However, there are number positive ways enhance from food production nutrient supply medications enhancement immune system. It is increasingly recognized soil an ecosystem myriad interconnected parts, each influencing other, when all necessary parts present functioning (ie, healthy), also benefits. Despite advances made, still many areas need additional investigation. We do not good understanding how chemical mixtures environment influence rule, exception. sparse information most chemicals react within chemically biologically active ecosystem, what those reactions mean for health. There better integrate ecology agronomic crop food/nutrition science, genetics bacterial fungal sequencing capabilities, metagenomics, subsequent analysis interpretation. While considerable work focused microbiology, macroorganisms received much less attention regarding links attention. Finally, pressing effectively communicate connections our broader society, as people cannot act they have. Multidisciplinary teams researchers, scientists, social others, will be essential move these issues forward.

Язык: Английский

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A review of the interactions between biodiversity, agriculture, climate change, and international trade: research and policy priorities

One Earth, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 4(1), С. 88 - 101

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the multiple land degradation pathways across the planet

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 220, С. 103689 - 103689

Опубликована: Май 25, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The abundance, biomass, and distribution of ants on Earth

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(40)

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2022

Knowledge on the distribution and abundance of organisms is fundamental to understanding their roles within ecosystems ecological importance for other taxa. Such knowledge currently lacking insects, which have long been regarded as “little things that run world”. Even ubiquitous such ants, are tremendous significance, there neither a reliable estimate total number Earth nor in particular biomes or habitats. We compile data ground-dwelling arboreal ants obtain an empirical global ant abundance. Our analysis based 489 studies, spanning all continents, major biomes, conservatively at over 3 × 10 15 be almost 20 individuals. The latter corresponds biomass ∼12 megatons dry carbon. This exceeds combined wild birds mammals equivalent ∼20% human biomass. Abundances strongly concentrated tropical subtropical regions but vary substantially across density leaf-litter highest forests, while numbers actively ground-foraging arid regions. study highlights central role play terrestrial also geographic gaps our current knowledge. results provide crucial baseline exploring environmental drivers ant-abundance patterns tracking responses insects change.

Язык: Английский

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Soil Microbial Biogeography in a Changing World: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

mSystems, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 5(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2020

Soil microbial communities are fundamental to maintaining key soil processes associated with litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and plant productivity thus integral human well-being. Recent technological advances have exponentially increased our knowledge concerning the global ecological distributions of across space time provided evidence for their contribution ecosystem functions. However, major gaps in biogeography remain be addressed over coming years as technology research questions continue evolve. In this minireview, we state recent future directions study discuss need a clearer concept species, projections toward change scenarios, importance embracing culture isolation approaches determine functional profiles. This will critical better predict functions changing world.

Язык: Английский

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Global hotspots for soil nature conservation

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 610(7933), С. 693 - 698

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Global models and predictions of plant diversity based on advanced machine learning techniques

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 237(4), С. 1432 - 1445

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

Summary Despite the paramount role of plant diversity for ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical cycles, and human welfare, knowledge its global distribution is still incomplete, hampering basic research biodiversity conservation. Here, we used machine learning (random forests, extreme gradient boosting, neural networks) conventional statistical methods (generalized linear models generalized additive models) to test environment‐related hypotheses broad‐scale vascular gradients model predict species richness phylogenetic worldwide. To this end, 830 regional inventories including c . 300 000 predictors past present environmental conditions. Machine showed a superior performance, explaining up 80.9% 83.3% richness, illustrating great potential such techniques disentangling complex interacting associations between environment diversity. Current climate heterogeneity emerged as primary drivers, while conditions left only small but detectable imprints on Finally, combined predictions from multiple modeling (ensemble predictions) reveal patterns centers at resolutions down 7774 km 2 Our predictive maps provide accurate estimates available grain sizes relevant conservation macroecology.

Язык: Английский

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The global distribution of known and undiscovered ant biodiversity

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(31)

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2022

Invertebrates constitute the majority of animal species and are critical for ecosystem functioning services. Nonetheless, global invertebrate biodiversity patterns their congruences with vertebrates remain largely unknown. We resolve first high-resolution (~20-km) diversity map a major clade, ants, using informatics, range modeling, machine learning to synthesize existing knowledge predict distribution undiscovered diversity. find that ants different vertebrate groups have distinct features in richness rarity, underscoring need consider taxa conservation. However, despite phylogenetic physiological divergence, ant distributions not highly anomalous relative variation among clades. Furthermore, our models rarity centers overlap (78%), suggesting general forces shape endemism across taxa. This raises confidence conservation areas important small-ranged will benefit invertebrates while providing “treasure map” guide future discovery.

Язык: Английский

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