médecine/sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
41(1), С. 53 - 61
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Le
microbiote
intestinal
joue
un
rôle
clef
pour
la
santé.
Alors
que
les
mécanismes
qui
déterminent
ses
effets
commencent
à
être
élucidés,
son
évolution
est
peu
connue.
Des
questions
telles
«
le
évolue-t-il
et
quel
rythme
?
»,
quelle
origine
ou
avons-nous
coévolué
avec
nos
bactéries
intestinales
sont
explorées.
À
court
terme,
microbes
évoluent
en
réponse
des
modifications
de
l’environnement,
comme
régime
alimentaire
leur
hôte.
Sur
une
échelle
temps
longue,
l’évolution
au
sein
d’un
individu
contrebalancée
par
échanges
provenant
d’autres
individus.
Ainsi,
si
intestinaux
ont
probablement
évolué
dans
populations,
plupart
longue
histoire
d’échanges
entre
populations.
Savoir
du
depuis
dizaines
milliers
d’années
a
facilité
adaptations
humaines
reste
question
ouverte
fondamentale.
Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
377(6612), С. 1328 - 1332
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022
The
gut
microbiomes
of
human
populations
worldwide
have
many
core
microbial
species
in
common.
However,
within
a
species,
some
strains
can
show
remarkable
population
specificity.
question
is
whether
such
specificity
arises
from
shared
evolutionary
history
(codiversification)
between
humans
and
their
microbes.
To
test
for
codiversification
host
microbiota,
we
analyzed
paired
metagenomes
genomes
1225
individuals
Europe,
Asia,
Africa,
including
mothers
children.
Between
countries,
parallel
was
evident
Moreover,
displaying
the
strongest
independently
evolved
traits
characteristic
dependency,
reduced
oxygen
temperature
sensitivity.
These
findings
all
point
to
importance
understanding
potential
role
population-specific
microbiome-mediated
disease
phenotypes.
Outer
membrane
vesicles
(OMVs)
play
vital
roles
in
bacterial
communication
both
intraspecifically
and
interspecifically.
However,
extracellular
mechanisms
of
gut
microbiota-derived
OMVs
the
intestine
remain
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
report
that
released
from
Akkermansia
muciniphila
are
able
to
(i)
restore
disturbed
balance
microbiota
by
selectively
promoting
proliferation
beneficial
bacteria
through
fusion,
(ii)
elicit
mucosal
immunoglobulin
A
response
translocating
into
Peyer's
patches
subsequently
activating
B
cells
dendritic
cells,
(iii)
maintain
integrity
intestinal
barrier
entering
epithelial
stimulate
expressions
tight
junctions
mucus.
We
demonstrate
transplantation
microbiota-associated
can
alleviate
colitis
enhance
anti-programmed
cell
death
protein
1
therapy
against
colorectal
cancer
regulating
homeostasis.
This
work
discloses
importance
ecology,
providing
an
alternative
target
for
disease
intervention
treatment.
