Microbiome diversity protects against pathogens by nutrient blocking

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 382(6676)

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023

The human gut microbiome plays an important role in resisting colonization of the host by pathogens, but we lack ability to predict which communities will be protective. We studied how bacteria influence two major bacterial both vitro and gnotobiotic mice. Whereas single species alone had negligible effects, resistance greatly increased with community diversity. Moreover, this community-level rested critically upon certain being present. explained these ecological patterns through collective resistant consume nutrients that overlap those used pathogen. Furthermore, applied our findings successfully resist a novel target strain. Our work provides reason why diversity is beneficial suggests route for rational design pathogen-resistant communities.

Язык: Английский

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Microbial transmission in the social microbiome and host health and disease

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(1), С. 17 - 43

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The conceptual foundations of innate immunity: Taking stock 30 years later

Immunity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 57(4), С. 613 - 631

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

SummaryWhile largely neglected over decades during which adaptive immunity captured most of the attention, innate immune mechanisms have now become central to our understanding immunology. Innate provides first barrier infection in vertebrates, and it is sole mechanism host defense invertebrates plants. also plays a critical role maintaining homeostasis, shaping microbiota, disease contexts such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, aging. The emergence field has led an expanded view system, no longer restricted vertebrates instead concerns all metazoans, plants, even prokaryotes. study given rise new concepts language. Here, we review history definition core immunity, discussing their value fruitfulness long run.

Язык: Английский

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Host control of the microbiome: Mechanisms, evolution, and disease

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 385(6706)

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024

Many species, including humans, host communities of symbiotic microbes. There is a vast literature on the ways these microbiomes affect hosts, but here we argue for an increased focus how hosts their microbiomes. Hosts exert control over symbionts through diverse mechanisms, immunity, barrier function, physiological homeostasis, and transit. These mechanisms enable to shape ecology evolution generate natural selection microbial traits that benefit host. Our result from perpetual tension between symbiont evolution, can leverage host's evolved abilities regulate microbiota prevent treat disease. The study will be central our ability both understand manipulate microbiotas better health.

Язык: Английский

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Commensal consortia decolonize Enterobacteriaceae via ecological control

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2024

Persistent colonization and outgrowth of potentially pathogenic organisms in the intestine can result from long-term antibiotic use or inflammatory conditions, may perpetuate dysregulated immunity tissue damage

Язык: Английский

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Bacillus siamensis Targeted Screening from Highly Colitis-Resistant Pigs Can Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is often accompanied by intestinal inflammation and disruption of epithelial structures, which are closely associated with changes in the microbiota. We previously revealed that Min pigs, a native Chinese breed, more resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced than commercial Yorkshire pigs. Characterizing microbiota pigs would allow identification core microbes confer resistance. By analyzing linked disease course we observed

Язык: Английский

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Growth of microbes in competitive lifestyles promotes increased ARGs in soil microbiota: insights based on genetic traits

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

The widespread selective pressure of antibiotics in the environment has led to propagation antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, mechanisms by which microbes balance population growth with enrichment ARGs remain poorly understood. To address this, we employed microcosm cultivation at different (i.e., Oxytetracycline, OTC) stresses across concentrations from environmental clinical. Paired shot-gun metagenomics analysis and quantification bacterial growth, trait-based assessment soil microbiota was applied reveal association between key ARG subtypes, representative taxa, functional-gene features that drive ARGs. Our results illuminate resistome variation is closely associated growth. A non-monotonic change abundance richness observed over a concentration gradient none 10 mg/l. Soil exposed intermediate OTC 0.1 0.5 mg/l) showed greater increases total Community compositionally, i.e., Pseudomonadaceae considered boost increase It chromosomally carried kinds multidrug such as mexAB-oprM mexCD-oprJ could mediate intrinsic OTC. Streptomycetaceae shown better adaptive ability than other clinical concentrations. it contributed less represents stress-tolerant lifestyle grows slowly carries fewer In terms community genetic features, aggregated traits further indicates enhancement resource acquisition yield driving abundance. Moreover, optimizations energy production conversion, alongside streamlining bypass metabolic pathways, sub-inhibitory conditions. this study suggest competitive lifestyles are selected under stress nutrient scarcity. They possess substrate utilization capacity carry more ARGs, due they were faster growing leading This expanded application assessments understanding ecology propagation. And finding illustrated changes accompanied switching microbiome, theoretically supports control approach based on principle species exclusion.

Язык: Английский

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Monosaccharides drive Salmonella gut colonization in a context-dependent or -independent manner

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Niche availability and competitive loss by facilitation control proliferation of bacterial strains intended for soil microbiome interventions

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2024

Abstract Microbiome engineering – the targeted manipulation of microbial communities is considered a promising strategy to restore ecosystems, but experimental support and mechanistic understanding are required. Here, we show that bacterial inoculants for soil microbiome may fail establish because they inadvertently facilitate growth native resident microbiomes. By generating microcosms in presence or absence standardized communities, how different nutrient availabilities limit outgrowth focal (three Pseudomonads), this might be improved by adding an artificial, inoculant-selective niche. Through random paired interaction assays agarose micro-beads, demonstrate that, addition direct competition, lose competitiveness facilitating bacteria. Metatranscriptomics experiments with toluene as selective niche inoculant Pseudomonas veronii indicate facilitation due loss uptake excreted metabolites taxa. Generation niches help favor their proliferation duration intended action while limiting competitive loss.

Язык: Английский

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Klebsiella oxytoca inhibits Salmonella infection through multiple microbiota-context-dependent mechanisms

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(7), С. 1792 - 1811

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2024

The Klebsiella oxytoca species complex is part of the human microbiome, especially during infancy and childhood. K. strains can produce enterotoxins, namely, tilimycin tilivalline, while also contributing to colonization resistance (CR). relationship between these seemingly contradictory roles not well understood. Here, by coupling ex vivo assays with CRISPR-mutagenesis various mouse models, we show that provides CR against Salmonella Typhimurium. In vitro, antimicrobial activity depended on production was induced simple carbohydrates. vivo, toxin in germ-free mice, it largely toxin-independent mice residual microbiota. This linked relative levels toxin-inducing carbohydrates vivo. Finally, dulcitol utilization essential for gnotobiotic mice. Together, this demonstrates nutrient availability key both toxin-dependent substrate-driven competition Salmonella.

Язык: Английский

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