Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 37(1), С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2013

•Photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) regulate behavior and physiology.•ipRGCs use melanopsin-dependent intrinsic light responses rod/cone inputs.•The relative contribution of each photoreceptor to evoked is not fully understood.•A method for quantifying presented that accounts complex photoreceptive inputs.•Guidance those designing architectural therapeutic lighting provided. Light a potent stimulus regulating circadian, hormonal, behavioral systems. In addition, therapy effective certain affective disorders, sleep problems, circadian rhythm disruption. These biological effects are influenced by distinct in the eye, melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs), addition conventional rods cones. We summarize neurophysiology this newly described sensory pathway consider implications measurement, production, application light. A new light-measurement strategy taking account inputs these non-visual proposed researchers, simple suggestions artificial/architectural provided regulatory authorities, manufacturers, designers, engineers. During past three decades, empirical evidence has demonstrated many aspects human physiology illumination [1Aschoff J. Biological Rhythms (Handbook Behavioral Neurobiology No. 4). Plenum, 1981Google Scholar, 2Wurtman R.J. et al.The Medical Effects Light. The New York Academy Sciences, 1985Google 3Wetterberg L. Man. Pergamon Press, 1993Google 4Lam R.W. Beyond Seasonal Affective Disorder: Treatment SAD non-SAD Disorders. American Psychiatric 1996Google Scholar]. Such originate eye but separate from other vision insofar as they unrelated particular spatial patterns exposure, can survive even some blind subjects. Consequently, types have been commonly referred non-image-forming or non-visual. catch-all terms encompass wide array response types. most influential light-induced phase resetting endogenous clocks. Because rhythmicity feature nearly every physiological, metabolic, system, phenomenon brings processes under indirect control. this, term come growing list more acute together ensure day-like physiological state. Thus, example, constricts pupil, suppresses pineal melatonin increases heart rate core body temperature, stimulates cortisol acts neurophysiological stimulant (increasing subjective objective measures alertness psychomotor reaction time, reducing lapses attention). Appreciation basic biology led development number applications. shown anti-depressant properties, particularly treatment seasonal disorder (SAD) its subclinical variant sSAD [3Wetterberg Appropriately timed exposure also developed circadian-rhythm disorders disruption associated with jetlag, shift work, space flight. 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Язык: Английский

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Melatonin—A pleiotropic, orchestrating regulator molecule

Progress in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 93(3), С. 350 - 384

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2010

Язык: Английский

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Entrainment of the Human Circadian Clock to the Natural Light-Dark Cycle

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 23(16), С. 1554 - 1558

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2013

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin, energy metabolism, and obesity: a review

Journal of Pineal Research, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 56(4), С. 371 - 381

Опубликована: Март 21, 2014

Abstract Melatonin is an old and ubiquitous molecule in nature showing multiple mechanisms of action functions practically every living organism. In mammals, pineal melatonin as a hormone chronobiotic, playing major role the regulation circadian temporal internal order. The anti‐obesogen weight‐reducing effects depend on several actions. Experimental evidence demonstrates that necessary for proper synthesis, secretion, insulin. acts by regulating GLUT 4 expression and/or triggering, via its G‐protein‐coupled membrane receptors, phosphorylation insulin receptor intracellular substrates mobilizing insulin‐signaling pathway. powerful chronobiotic being responsible, part, daily distribution metabolic processes so activity/feeding phase day associated with high sensitivity, rest/fasting synchronized to insulin‐resistant day. Furthermore, responsible establishment adequate energy balance mainly flow from stores directly expenditure through activation brown adipose tissue participating browning process white tissue. reduction production, during aging, shift‐work or illuminated environments night, induces resistance, glucose intolerance, sleep disturbance, disorganization characterizing state chronodisruption leading obesity. available supports suggestion replacement therapy might contribute restore more healthy

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of shift work on sleep and circadian rhythms

Pathologie Biologie, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 62(5), С. 292 - 301

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2014

Язык: Английский

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Non-Visual Effects of Light on Melatonin, Alertness and Cognitive Performance: Can Blue-Enriched Light Keep Us Alert?

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 6(1), С. e16429 - e16429

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2011

Background Light exposure can cascade numerous effects on the human circadian process via non-imaging forming system, whose spectral relevance is highest in short-wavelength range. Here we investigated if commercially available compact fluorescent lamps with different colour temperatures impact alertness and cognitive performance. Methods Sixteen healthy young men were studied a balanced cross-over design light of 3 settings (compact 40 lux at 6500K 2500K incandescent 3000K) during 2 h evening. Results Exposure to induced greater melatonin suppression, together enhanced subjective alertness, well-being visual comfort. With respect performance, led significantly faster reaction times tasks associated sustained attention (Psychomotor Vigilance GO/NOGO Task), but not executive function (Paced Visual Serial Addition Task). This improvement was strongly related attenuated salivary levels, particularly for condition 6500K. Conclusions Our findings suggest that sensitivity alerting response polychromatic levels as low lux, blue-shifted relative three-cone photopic system. Thus, selection lights impacts physiology performance home workplace.

Язык: Английский

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Exposure to Room Light before Bedtime Suppresses Melatonin Onset and Shortens Melatonin Duration in Humans

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 96(3), С. E463 - E472

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2010

Millions of individuals habitually expose themselves to room light in the hours before bedtime, yet effects this behavior on melatonin signaling are not well recognized. We tested hypothesis that exposure late evening suppresses onset synthesis and shortens duration production. In a retrospective analysis, we compared daily profiles living (<200 lux) vs. dim (<3 lux). Healthy volunteers (n = 116, 18–30 yr) were recruited from general population participate one two studies. Participants lived General Clinical Research Center for at least five consecutive days. Individuals exposed or 8 h preceding bedtime. Melatonin duration, offset, suppression, phase angle entrainment determined. Compared with light, bedtime suppressed melatonin, resulting later 99.0% shortening by about 90 min. Also, during usual sleep greater than 50% most (85%) trials. These findings indicate exerts profound suppressive effect levels body's internal representation night duration. Hence, chronically exposing oneself electrical lighting disrupts could therefore potentially impact sleep, thermoregulation, blood pressure, glucose homeostasis.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood

Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 23(3), С. 147 - 156

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2019

Humans live in a 24-hour environment, which light and darkness follow diurnal pattern. Our circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) hypothalamus, is entrained to solar day via pathway from retina synchronises our internal biological rhythms. Rhythmic variations ambient illumination impact behaviours such as rest during sleep activity wakefulness well their underlying processes. Rather recently, availability of artificial has substantially changed especially evening night hours. This may increase risk developing rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWD), are often caused by misalignment endogenous rhythms external light-dark cycles. While exact relationship between CRSWD remains be established, nocturnal been shown alter humans. On other hand, can also used an effective noninvasive therapeutic option with little no side effects, improve sleep,mood general well-being. article reviews current state knowledge regarding effects on rhythms, sleep, mood.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin, the circadian multioscillator system and health: the need for detailed analyses of peripheral melatonin signaling

Journal of Pineal Research, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 52(2), С. 139 - 166

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2011

Evidence is accumulating regarding the importance of circadian core oscillators, several associated factors, and melatonin signaling in maintenance health. Dysfunction endogenous clocks, receptor polymorphisms, age- disease-associated declines likely contribute to numerous diseases including cancer, metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 2, hypertension, mood cognitive disorders. Consequences gene silencing, overexpression, deviant expression levels are summarized. The system a complex network central peripheral some them being relatively independent pacemaker, suprachiasmatic nucleus. Actions on oscillators poorly understood. Various lines evidence indicate that these clocks also influenced or phase-reset by melatonin. This includes phase differences oscillator under impaired signaling, effects knockouts mRNAs proteins. Cross-connections between pathways proteins, discussed this review. high complexity multioscillator comprises alternate parallel based orthologs paralogs components number factors with varying tissue-specific importance, which offers possibilities for interactions It an aim review stimulate research tissues. should not be restricted primary signal molecules but rather include various secondarily connected discriminate direct pineal indoleamine at target organ others mediated modulation oscillators.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology

Molecular vision, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 22, С. 61 - 72

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2016

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used to provide illumination in industrial and commercial environments. LEDs are also TVs, computers, smart phones, tablets. Although the light emitted by most appears white, peak emission blue range (400-490 nm). The accumulating experimental evidence has indicated that exposure can affect many physiologic functions, it be treat circadian sleep dysfunctions. However, induce photoreceptor damage. Thus, is important consider spectral output of LED-based sources minimize danger may associated with exposure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge effects on regulation functions possible ocular health.

Язык: Английский

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